RU2740522C1 - Controlled suspension of two-wheel unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to controlled suspension. Controllable suspension includes unit of two wheels with hubs installed on one axis, support-rotary device with worm control shaft. Axle also includes two electric motors per each wheel separately and brake support for each wheel. Brake discs are mounted on wheel hubs. Support-turning device consists of inner ring, outer ring and balls. Inner ring is fixed on the car frame, and the outer ring is fixed on the wheel unit body and is made engaging with the worm shaft of the steering control. Suspension contains two pneumohydraulic posts, which are fixed by one end to external ring of support-rotary device, and by their other end rest on lower support, in which axis is installed.

EFFECT: freedom of maneuvering, higher carrying capacity at compact suspension, having low weight, maximum adaptation for unmanned vehicles.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of transport engineering, namely to the structure of the wheel unit, namely to the controlled suspension.

It is known that in cars of a classic layout, the front axle is steerable. In front-wheel drive vehicles and in cross-country vehicles, the front axle is usually both driving and steerable. The controlled suspension of a truck can be of a lever or pivot type, having elastic (springs, springs, air bags, etc.) and damping elements (shock absorbers). Basically, the steering wheels of cars are of a single-sided design. Installation of two wheels is not possible due to design features.

The disadvantage of the classic layouts is the low carrying capacity of 6-8 tons with the permitted axle load of 12-13 tons on public roads and the insufficiently large steering angle of 50-60 degrees and, as a consequence, low maneuverability.

It is known that the suspension must have guiding and damping elements. In this case, the guiding elements must ensure the connection of the car frame and the wheel axle to ensure movement along a strictly defined trajectory, that is, guide. Damping elements are located between the frame and the axle, and must absorb shocks.

A set of omnidirectional drive wheels with an elastic suspension function is known from the prior art (CN110626133 from 2019-12-31), containing a set of drive wheels located at the bottom of the frame through a rotating assembly that allows 360 ° rotation relative to the frame, the set of wheels includes elastic suspension mechanism. The frame and axle of these wheels are interconnected by levers through damping elements. The topology of the car's suspension is violated. The trajectory of the wheel is unstable and depends on the deformation of the elastic element. The elastic element is rubber or other elastic material, the rigidity of which cannot be adjusted. When turning the wheel unit, deformation of the elastic element is possible. A break in the damping element will inevitably lead to an accident. The use of this suspension in vehicles on public roads is unsafe.

The closest is the vehicle direction navigation mechanism (CN 206781438 from 2017-12-22), which contains a drive motor, a differential and a drive wheel. The drive motor is mounted on a pivot support bracket, and the motor is connected to the differential through the pivot support bracket. The drive shaft is mounted on a support bracket and connected to the drive shaft. In this patent, the block is rotated by an electric motor through a spur gear train. Firstly, the steering and drive motors are located between the wheels, this increases the distance between the wheels, and as a result, the dimensions of the wheel unit, so much that two wheel units located on the same axle cannot fit into the vehicle's width (2550 mm). Secondly, it is impossible to provide a mechanical connection with the steering wheel, which is mandatory for cars on public roads.

The problem to be solved by the claimed invention is the development of a controllable, independent, leading suspension, providing a wheel rotation of 360 degrees, increased carrying capacity.

This problem is solved by the fact that the controlled suspension includes a block of two wheels with hubs mounted on one axle, a slewing ring with a worm control shaft, two electric motors are also installed on the axle for each wheel separately and a brake support for each wheel, and brake discs mounted on hubs, the slewing ring consists of an inner ring, an outer ring and balls, the inner ring is fixed to the vehicle frame, the outer ring is fixed to the wheel block housing and is made to mesh with the steering worm shaft, the suspension also contains two pneumohydraulic struts, which at one end are fixed to the outer ring of the rotary support device, and at the other end rest on the lower support in which the axle is installed.

The technical result provided by the given set of features is:

- absolute freedom of maneuvering - the car can turn around its own axis, move along, across and at any angle in relation to the road,

- high carrying capacity,

- compact, simple suspension with low weight,

- maximum adaptation for unmanned vehicles.

The one-wheel unit has a cantilever wheel arrangement, this creates a large bending moment in the bracket fixed to the frame. The one-wheel design is quite applicable for passenger cars. One wheel carries half the load of two wheels. A two wheel block is recommended for heavy duty truck, bus, agricultural and construction machinery suspensions.

Thus, the claimed suspension can be used in trucks, buses, forklifts, in construction and agricultural machinery.

The proposed suspension has a high carrying capacity. Controlled wheel blocks can be leading, this allows them to be installed not only on the front axle, but also on the rear, as well as on intermediate axles. Wheel steering angle 360 degrees, which provides absolute freedom of maneuvering - the car can turn on the spot, move along, across and at any angle in relation to the road.

The suspension, consisting of identical wheel blocks, ensures an even distribution of the axle load. When designing machines, it is possible to change the carrying capacity of a vehicle by changing the number of unified wheel blocks from 4 to 10 or more.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, which show:

figure 1 is a general view of the wheel unit

figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the block

figure 3 is a cross section of the block,

Where

1 - vehicle frame

2 - support-rotary device

3 - pneumo-hydraulic rack

4 - wheel

5 - electric motor

6 - axis

7 - brake support

8 - lower support

9 - case

10 - control worm shaft.

The controlled suspension includes two wheels 4 with hubs mounted on one axle 6, two struts 3, a rotary support 2 with a worm shaft 10, an electric motor 5, brakes.

The guiding element is two pneumohydraulic struts 3, which simultaneously act as an elastic and a damping element. To ensure maximum smoothness when driving a vehicle on the road, multi-chamber pneumohydraulic shock absorbers are used, in which the function of a spring element is performed by technical gas, the change in pressure of which allows you to change the stiffness of the suspension. With the help of a hydraulic shock absorber system, you can adjust the clearance, as well as the tilt of the platform relative to the road.

The slewing ring 2 consists of an inner ring, an outer ring, steel balls and is a turntable with a worm-driven steering drive. The inner ring is bolted to the vehicle frame 1. The outer ring can rotate freely on the inner ring by means of balls and is a worm gear gear that meshes with the worm shaft 10 of the steering. The rotation of the worm shaft can be carried out from the steering wheel by the driver by means of transmission shafts and bevel gears using a hydraulic or electric booster. Or, the worm shaft drive can be accomplished by installing an electric motor directly on the worm shaft in the case of an unmanned vehicle. On the outer ring with the help of bolts, the body 9 of the wheel block is fixed, which is a welded structure made of alloy steel. The outer ring rotates the casing of the wheel unit, to which a rack structure is attached at one end. The second end of the rack 3 rests on the lower support 8, into which the axle 6 is pressed with an interference fit. On the axle, two electric motors 5 are installed on each wheel separately. The axle also has a brake support 7 for each wheel. The brake discs are mounted on hubs, to which the wheels are attached using studs.

The drive to the wheels can be carried out by transferring torque through a system of drive shafts or by means of two electric motors installed directly in the wheels.

The installation of an electric drive on the worm gear shaft of the slewing ring allows to simplify the steering control system, adapt it for unmanned vehicles, it becomes possible to combine vehicles in columns.

The suspension, consisting of identical wheel blocks, ensures an even distribution of the axle load.

When designing machines, it is possible to change the carrying capacity of a vehicle by changing the number of unified wheel blocks from 4 to 10 or more.

The implementation of the drive of the wheels from electric motors installed directly in the wheels (motor-wheel) allows to reduce the dimensions of the wheel unit and improve vehicle control by regulating the rotation speed and torque separately for each wheel. This is especially important when turning the wheel block in one place, when the wheels in the block will rotate towards each other.

The use of a globoid worm pair in the rotary bearing of the proposed suspension allows for mechanical connection with the steering wheel through a system of shafts and an electric booster. The globoid worm meshes with the worm gear 5-6 teeth simultaneously, this increases the reliability of the steering mechanism.

Claims (1)

Controlled suspension, including a block of two wheels with hubs mounted on one axle, a slewing ring with a worm control shaft, characterized in that two electric motors are also installed on the axle for each wheel separately and a brake support for each wheel, and brake discs are installed on the wheel hubs, the slewing ring consists of an inner ring, an outer ring and balls, while the inner ring is fixed on the car frame, and the outer ring is fixed on the wheel block housing and is made to mesh with the steering worm shaft, the suspension also contains two pneumohydraulic struts, which at one end are fixed to the outer ring of the slewing support, and at the other end rest on the lower support in which the axle is installed.

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