RU2637729C2 - Method for cultivating cotton under film (agrotechnology) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes spreading film on the soil, sowing seeds through openings made in the film into a socket with simultaneously covering the film edges with the soil, cutting irrigation furrows, and mulching. Mulching is carried out directly into the socket after laying the seeds, with closing the film openings with mulch. While covering the film, its mechanical slots and pouring with soil are prevented. The film is not taken off, and removed together with a grown cotton bush. In addition, depending on the changes of the plot relief and soil moisture, as well as depending on the harvesting method (manual or mechanised), the planting system and the distance between sockets are changed.

EFFECT: invention will allow to increase the crop yield and to accelerate the cotton ripening while reducing the vegetation period time.

4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to the cultivation of cotton using film shelter.

A known method of growing cotton, including sowing seeds, covering them with a polymer film and removing it after germination, the film is placed in the aisle and after 30-45 days is removed. (Preliminary patent of Uzbekistan No. 04420, IPC АСС 5/08, 04/06/1991)

The disadvantage of this method is its low efficiency due to damage to the film during its operation and removal.

There is also known a method of cultivating cotton, including spreading the film on the soil, sowing seeds through holes made in the film, into the nest with simultaneous sealing of the edges of the film with soil, cutting the irrigation furrow and mulching (US patent No. 3315623, IPC АСС 5/04, 04/25/1967 )

In the known method, the plastic film during spreading is completely covered with soil. Moreover, the achieved result is aimed at saving water with a thermostatic phenomenon. The agrotechnology used in the well-known solution does not create a greenhouse effect and is applicable for growing cabbage, cucumbers or the like, but not for cotton.

The objective of the invention is to provide a reliable, simple but effective method of cultivating cotton, allowing the use of the greenhouse effect when growing the latter. Moreover, the claimed method also allows you to change the sowing patterns depending on the nature of the land, soil composition and harvesting conditions.

The essence of the claimed method consists in performing the following operations, namely, spreading the film on the soil, sowing seeds through holes made in the film, into the nest with simultaneous sealing of the edges of the film with soil, cutting the irrigation furrow and mulching.

At the same time, during the sealing of the edges of the film, its mechanical cuts and falling asleep prevent the soil, and mulching is carried out after placing the seeds directly in the nest, with the mulch closing the film openings, which are not removed and removed together with the grown cotton bush.

This technology eliminates the formation of soil crust, enhances the greenhouse effect of the film, and eliminates the leakage of heat necessary for plant growth.

Moreover, during the sealing of the edges, the film is often damaged and can be covered with soil, which negatively affects the harvest. To prevent this phenomenon, a protective wing with a rubber cushion is used.

In addition, the effectiveness of sowing is carried out due to a more accurate "hit" of seeds in the holes of the film, which are performed immediately before sowing seeds.

Also, depending on the change in the relief of the site and soil moisture on it, the sowing pattern and the distance between the nests are changed.

So, for example, for manual harvesting, the sowing pattern and the distance between the rows, for example, according to the 90 × 30 pattern, and the distance between the nests are 12 cm (zigzag z shape). This improves the ventilation and growth of the bush. For machine harvesting of cotton, sowing of seeds is carried out in a single line method with a distance between rows of 90 cm and a distance between nests of 15 cm (see Fig. 2 and 3).

The proposed method of cultivating cotton is schematically characterized by drawings, where

in FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a seeder;

in FIG. 2 - scheme of sowing and mulching for manual cleaning;

in FIG. 3 - scheme of sowing and mulching for machine cleaning;

in FIG. 4 - view of the protective wing;

in FIG. 5 and 6 are side and rear views of the protective wing with a cultivator.

The cotton seeder consists of a hopper 1 for mulching with a dispenser 2, the valve of which is opened using the lever 3.

Moreover, the hopper 1 and the dispenser 2 are installed on the frame 4.

In addition, the seeder kit includes a drum 5 with a film screwed onto it, a protective wing 6, a sowing drum 7 with mouthpieces 8. Moreover, the wing 6 consists of a body 9 and a rubber pad 10.

The method is as follows.

The film wrapped on the drum 5 is laid on prepared soil, then, using the protective wing 6 with a rubber pad 10, the edges of the film are sealed with soil while protecting the film from mechanical damage. An irrigation furrow is formed and cut. At the same time, the wing 6 prevents mechanical cuts on the film and protects its surface from falling asleep with the earth, while the film area remains sufficient for planting seeds in several rows.

Subsequently, the sowing drum 7, passing over the surface of the film due to the mouthpieces 8, punches holes in the film, nests in the soil and sows the seeds in the soil.

From the hopper 1 with dispenser 2 into the nests with the seeds planted in them, mulching is performed with the mulch closing of the film holes.

Additionally, in the process of cultivating cotton, it is possible to change the sowing pattern and the distance between the nests, which is done by changing the number and installation pattern of the mouthpieces 8 on the sowing drum 7.

In this case, as an example for manual harvesting, the sowing pattern and the distance between the rows, for example, according to the 90 × 30 pattern, and the distance between the nests are 12 cm (zigzag z-shaped), which improves the ventilation and growth of the bush, are changed.

For machine harvesting of cotton, sowing of seeds is carried out in a single line method with a distance between rows of 90 cm and a distance between nests of 15 cm (see Fig. 2 and 3).

The claimed method provides heat conservation and sufficient irrigation of seeds during the growth process. Evaporated moisture when returning to the soil irrigates the plants, thus making it possible to save water.

During cultivation adjust the cultivator (Fig. 5 and 6) according to a certain pattern from the edge to the center. This ensures the safety of the film.

The film is stored until the end of the harvest, and put it in place with a cotton bush.

The application of the claimed method allows the formation of favorable thermal and water regimes, contributes to the intensive development of the root system, which makes the most of the nutrient reserves of the soil.

The coating of the soil with a plastic film (PP) has a significant effect on the number of microorganisms in different soils, and the higher the degree of coverage of the soil surface, the more microorganisms.

Thus, the amount of ammonifiers indicates the overall biogenicity of soils — in almost all phases of the development of cotton, they are more than an order of magnitude higher in soil under a film than in open soil. Common to both soils is the intensive flow of ammonification and nitrification processes, which improves the nitrogen nutrition of cotton. The increased content of cellulose-degrading bacteria and nitrifying agents in the soil under the film indicates an increase in the processes of humification, denitrification - an increase in soil fertility, actinomycetes and micromycetes - an increased decomposition activity of plant residues in the soil, oligonitrophils - an increased accumulation of molecular nitrogen in the soil. An important advantage of the proposed technology for irrigating row crops (cotton) on shielded films with furrows with varying degrees of film coating is that an increase in the number of the main groups of microorganisms involved in the soil formation process occurs on the soil surface.

The objective of the invention is to provide a method of cultivating cotton with a film cover of crops, while less laborious and having the effect of an accelerated plant growth due to the use of the greenhouse effect of the film.

Changing the sowing pattern and the distance between the rows is necessary when taking into account the topography and humidity of the land. So, with a very wet terrain, a narrower distance between the rows is necessary, for example, sowing in one bed, at lower humidity a two-row or other type of sowing is used (see Fig. 2 and 3).

Claims (4)

1. A method of cultivating cotton, including spreading the film on the soil, sowing seeds through holes made in the film, into the nest with simultaneously seeding the edges of the film with soil, cutting the irrigation furrow and mulching, characterized in that during the sealing of the edges of the film its mechanical cuts prevent and falling asleep with the earth, and mulching is carried out after laying the seeds directly in the nest with the closing of the mulch holes of the film, which is not removed and removed together with the grown cotton bush. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the process of cultivation change the sowing pattern and the distance between the nests. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the seeds are sown according to the scheme 90 × 30 with a distance between the nests of 12 cm 4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the seeds are sown single-row with a row spacing of 90 cm and a nest spacing of 15 cm.

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