RU2636975C1 - Energy-saving trailing sowing complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: the energy saving trailing sawing complex contains a two-section hopper 2 attached to the tractor suspension and located on the frame 1 on two support wheels 3 with metering units 27, the pneumatic transport pipe 28 installed under the sections and with a fixed folding feed auger 22 with a hopper 23 for seeds or fertilizers. In front of the hopper 2 is a centrifugal fan 20 with a motor 21 is located, and behind it there is a folding coulter frame 4 with adjustable front support 5 and rear 6 rolling wheels equipped with hydraulics, air manifolds (distributors) 12 and 13 and corrugated air hoses 15. Between the wheels, there are staggered spring-loaded coulters 8, behind which three-row spring harrows 9 are mounted. The spiral housing of the centrifugal fan 20 is fixed to the engine 21 from the outlet end of its crankshaft, on which the fan impeller is directly mounted. The batchers 27 are rotated using an electric coupling from the hopper support wheel according to the scheme: chain transmission - electric coupling - chain transmission - seeding gearbox - batchers. Coulters 7 running along the tracks of the support wheels 3 of the hopper 2 and the front support wheels 5 of the coulter frame 4 are made in the form of non-sawing cultivator center hoes and are mounted thereon below the subsequent rows of coulters by Δh =0.020…0.040 m. The subsequent sowing rows of spring-loaded coulters are made respectively in the form of left and right single-disk anchor coulters 8 of individual copying. Each of the outlet nozzles of the heads 14 of the secondary air manifolds is connected through single pneumatic hoses 15 to one of the ends of the Y-shaped tees. Two other outlet paired ends of these tees arranged at an angle of 10 to 90 degrees relative to each other are in turn connected through the grain spouts 17 to the sowing tubes of the respective pair of left and right spring-loaded single-disk anchor coulters 8 of individual copying.

EFFECT: invention will increase productivity and improve the quality of the process for seeds sowing and fertilizers application to the soil.

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Description

The present invention relates to devices for sowing grain, legumes and other agricultural crops, and therefore can be used in agricultural production and relates to agricultural machinery.

Known energy-saving trailed sowing complex "Agrator-8500", containing a two-section hopper mounted on a frame mounted on a frame on two support wheels mounted on a frame with a metering unit mounted under sections, a pneumatic conveying pipe and a loading auger with a collecting funnel for seeds (fertilizers) fixed in the traveling position in front of which there is a centrifugal fan with an engine, and behind it is hinged equipped with hydraulics, air manifolds-distributors and corrugated folding pneumatic hoses with adjustable front support and rear press wheels, between which spring-loaded openers are staggered, and three-row spring harrows [Seeding complex "Agrator-8500". Manual. - Muslumovo: LLC PC AGROMASTER, 2011. - 45 p.].

Energy-saving trailed sowing complex “Agrator-8500”, manufactured by PK AGROMASTER LLC, with a working width of 8540 mm when sowing, designed to work with tractors with an engine power of at least 200 hp (in particular, with K-700A type tractors), has a number of design and technological disadvantages.

Due to the fact that the coils of the metering units of the sowing complex are located along, and not across the longitudinal axis of the hopper, the stream of seed material (like fertilizers) in the pneumatic conveying pipe is directed with a narrow side towards the air flow. This worsens the stratification of the jet and its transportation by air in the pneumatic system of the sowing complex, causing the use of a fan with a high flow rate and air pressure to create optimal operating modes of the sowing complex.

In addition, this arrangement of the metering devices requires a very meticulous and precise adjustment of their gates, since the inaccuracy of the adjustment significantly affects the aerodynamic characteristics of the entire pneumatic transport system of the sowing complex and leads to a violation of the technological process of sowing seeds - either to reduce or increase the rate of sowing of seeds, which ultimately affects the uniformity of seeding and germination of seeds.

Further, due to the limited length of the slide gate of the dispensers, the sowing complex has a relatively narrow range of regulation of the seed rate of seeds of various crops.

Also, the hopper support wheels running in front of the opener frame compact the soil before sowing, which, in turn, even after spring-loaded openers and three-row spring harrows pass behind the hopper cause uneven shoots on the track strips of the hopper wheels. This is due to the fact that the soil compacted after the wheels worsens the conditions for sifting under the soil layer of seeds and fertilizer by the air flow, since sowing in compacted soil requires increasing air pressure in the pneumatic hoses of the coulters running along the tracks of the support wheels of the hopper. This, in turn, worsens the operating conditions of the entire pneumatic transport system of the sowing complex due to the uneven distribution of pressure and air pulsations in it (due to the flow of air from openers with high soil resistance to openers with lower soil resistance).

In addition, massive steel spring loaded coulters with swept cultivator legs, in general, have a relatively large mass, which leads to increased metal consumption of the coulter frame and, in general, the entire design of the sowing complex. In addition, the relatively large area of contact with the soil of the arrow-shaped coulters of the coulters, as well as their racks, increases the traction resistance of the unit and the energy consumption for the tractor moving the sowing complex during sowing, and also reduces its speed and, accordingly, productivity.

Also, heavy spring-loaded openers with lancet paws do not provide effective individual copying of the openings of the relief of the sowing field by the openers. This leads to excessive deepening of some coulters or, to the contrary, to their deepening from the soil, causing the sowing of seeds and fertilizers by air flow not into the soil, but along its surface, which ultimately leads to a violation of the set depth of sowing of seeds (fertilizer) and irrational consumption of valuable seed material, as well as the subsequent uneven germination of seedlings and a decrease in yield.

These circumstances do not provide the possibility of a high quality technological process for sowing seeds and fertilizing with a sowing complex, which leads to low yields. Such a sowing complex provides high-quality sowing only in fields with a relatively even relief.

Closest to the technical solution and the achieved result, the present invention relates to an energy-saving trailed sowing complex comprising a two-section hopper mounted on a frame mounted on a frame on two support wheels mounted on two support wheels with dispensers installed under the sections, a pneumatic conveying pipe and a loading auger with a receiving screw fixed in the stowed position with a receiving a funnel for seeds (fertilizers), in front of which there is a centrifugal fan with an engine, and behind it is attached equipped with hydraulics, air distribution manifolds and corrugated pneumatic hoses, a folding opener frame with adjustable front support and rear press wheels, between which spring-loaded openers are staggered, and three-row spring harrows, with a spiral fan housing mounted to the engine from the output end of its crankshaft on which the fan impeller is directly mounted, and the dispensers installed under the sections of the hopper they rotate using an electrofusion coupling from the support wheel of the hopper according to the following scheme: chain drive - electrical coupling - chain drive - sowing gearbox - dispensers, and spring-mounted coulters running along the tracks of the support wheels of the hopper and the front support wheels of the opener frame compared to other openers lower by Δh = 0.020 ... 0.040 m [RF Patent 2535752, А01С 7/00, А01В 49/06. Energy-saving trailed sowing complex. / V.E. Saitov, R.G. Gataullin, I.N. Nigmatullin. - No. 2013121238; declared 05/07/2013; publ. 12/20/2014, Bull. No. 35] is a prototype.

Installing a spiral case of a small-sized centrifugal fan directly on the engine from the output end of its crankshaft and fixing the fan impeller also directly on the output end of the engine crankshaft reduces metal consumption and reduces the complexity of mounting the fan.

The drive of the dispensers installed under the sections of the hopper using the electromount from the support wheel of the hopper according to the scheme: chain drive - electric coupling - chain drive - sowing gearbox - dispensers improves the condition of uniformity of rotation, which determines the high-quality distribution of seeds and fertilizers in the soil, resulting in higher yields agricultural crops.

In addition, spring-loaded openers running along the tracks of the support wheels of the hopper and the front support wheels of the opener frame are Δh = 0.020 ... 0.040 m lower than other openers as a result of this. The loosening of the compacted track is better, which improves the sieving condition. seeds in the soil due to the reduction of air flow pulsation in all coulters due to equalization of soil resistance to the moving air flow in them, and the installed Arysh-2 seeding monitoring system allows ologichesky control over the sowing process.

However, the coulter frame of an energy-saving trailed sowing complex with a working width of 8540 mm is made almost by analogy with the Agrator-8500 sowing complex. Therefore, the known device also has the disadvantages noted above, as well as the analogue.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the well-known energy-saving trailed sowing complex containing a two-section hopper mounted on a frame mounted on a frame on two support wheels mounted on a frame with a metering unit mounted under the sections, a pneumatic conveying pipe and a loading auger with a receiving funnel fixed to the traveling position with a receiving funnel for seed or fertilizer, in front of which is a centrifugal fan with an engine, and behind it is equipped with hydraulics , folding air openers with adjustable front support and rear pressure wheels, between which spring-loaded openers are staggered, and spring harrows, with a spiral fan housing mounted to the engine from the output end of its crankshaft, on the air manifolds, distributors and corrugated air hoses, a folding coulter frame the impeller of the fan is directly installed, and the dispensers installed under the sections of the hopper receive rotation using electromagnet ft from the hopper support wheel according to the scheme: chain drive - electrical coupling - chain drive - sowing gearbox - metering devices, while spring-loaded coulters in the form of cultivating lancet legs running along the tracks of the hopper support wheels and front coulter support wheels are mounted on it below subsequent rows of coulters by Δh = 0.020 ... 0.040 m, coulters in the form of cultivating lancet paws are non-sowing, while the subsequent sowing rows of spring-loaded coulters are made in the form of left and right x single-plate individual copy anchor coulters, and each of the output nozzles of the heads of the secondary air manifolds-distributors are connected through single pneumatic hoses to one of the ends of the Y-shaped tees, and two other output pair ends of these tees are located at an angle to each other, for example , from 10 to 90 degrees, in turn, are connected through the seed tubes to the sowing tubes of the corresponding pair of left and right spring-loaded single-disk individual single-anchor opener coulters.

As a result of the analysis of literary sources, no identical execution of the proposed device was found. Moreover, distinctive features from the prototype signs give the claimed combination of new properties, manifested in a positive effect.

Due to the fact that the spring loaded openers in the form of cultivating lancet paws running along the tracks of the support wheels of the hopper and the front support wheels of the opener frame are not sowing, preliminary loosening of the compacted soil of the track bands of the support wheels of the hopper and the front support wheels of the opener frame, as well as cutting of weeds, is provided, causing the following optimal conditions for sowing seeds and fertilizers to a given sowing depth with single-disc individual sowing anchor openers of individual copying. This reduces the longitudinal and transverse unevenness of the sowing of seeds and fertilizers of the sowing complex, which ultimately leads to an increase in the uniformity of seedlings and to increase the yield of the sown crop as a whole. The wear of the discs and the radial load on the bearings of the individual copy seed anchor openers moving along the previously loosened track bands of the support wheels of the hopper and the front support wheels of the opener frame are also significantly reduced.

Due to the fact that the subsequent sowing rows of spring-loaded openers are made in the form of individual left and right single-disk individual single-anchor openers, the process of sowing seeds and fertilizers to a predetermined sowing depth is significantly improved regardless of the state of the surface relief of the sowing field, and as a result of using rotating bearings rolling of single-disc coulters reduces the metal consumption of the coulter frame and, due to the lesser friction surface of the coulters against the soil, the traction resistance decreases unit and energy costs for moving the tractor of the sowing complex in the sowing process, which allows sowing at higher speeds of movement of the unit, respectively, increases the productivity of the sowing complex.

The use of left and right single-plate individual copy anchor coulters provides resistance to self-oscillations of the coulter frame in the transverse plane during the movement of the sowing complex, as a result of which the crop strips in the longitudinal direction (in the direction of travel) are smooth, congruent.

Due to the fact that each of the output nozzles of the heads of the secondary air manifolds-distributors is connected through single pneumatic hoses to one of the ends of the Y-shaped tees, and two other output pair ends of these tees are located at an angle to each other, for example, from 10 to 90 degrees, in turn, are connected through the vas deferens to the sowing tubes of the corresponding pair of left and right spring-loaded single-disk single-disc anchor openers of individual copying, which made it possible to double the number of openers and holes to create better quality strip sowing of seeds and fertilizers, to improve the flow of convective natural (climatic) air masses of crops from excessive moisture. It also allows you to avoid excessive tillering of crops, leading to the subsequent death of part of the seedlings, and provides friendly seedlings, uniform development and ripening of grain and increase productivity from 2 to 8% compared with the analogue and prototype.

As a result, when the proposed device is operating, a positive effect is achieved that significantly exceeds the effect of the prototype. A new set of features of the claimed device, providing a positive effect, has significant differences.

The figure 1 presents a diagram of an energy-saving sowing complex, longitudinally vertical view; figure 2 is a General view of the sowing complex during sowing; figure 3 is a General complete view of the opener frame energy-saving trailed sowing complex; figure 4 is a side view of the openers; figure 5 is a view of the primary manifold-distributor; figure 6 is a view of a secondary manifold-distributor; figure 7 is a view of the sowing complex in transport position when filling the hopper with grain and fertilizer.

The energy-saving trailed sowing complex was manufactured at OJSC Malmyzhsky Diesel Engine Repair Plant (Malmyzh, Kirov Region, Russian Federation), and is used during the sowing of grain crops in the spring and autumn on the fields of Burets LLC, Malmyzhsky District, Kirov Region.

An energy-saving trailed sowing complex with a design capacity of 12.0 hectares per hour consists of a K-700A tractor attached to the rear suspension mounted on a frame 1 of a two-section hopper 2 on two support wheels 3. Behind the frame 1 of this hopper 2 there is a coulter frame 4 with adjustable front 5 supporting and rear 6 press wheels, spring-loaded non-sowing openers 7, made in the form of cultivating lancet paws mounted on the front beam of the opener frame 4 opposite the front wheels 5, and two-row E-spring harrows 9. coulter frame 4 of the second and third rows of spring-loaded coulters are in the form of left and right sowing seed single disc coulter anchor 8 individual copy.

The coulter frame 4 is made by analogy with the Agrator-8500 sowing complex with a working width of 8540 mm. It is equipped with hydraulic cylinders 10 and 11 for folding the frame 4 in the transport position and on the rotary sections of the field during sowing, as well as for regulating the depth of the coulters 7, 8 during sowing. On frame 4 there are also one primary 12 and four secondary 13 air distribution manifolds, and single pneumatic hoses 15 are fixed to the output pipe of the head 14 of the distribution manifold 13, further connected by output ends to Y-shaped tees 16, and output pair ends of these tees are with vas deferens 17 connected to sowing tubes 18 of openers 8. On frame 4 there are also corrugated pneumatic hoses 19 for feeding seeds and fertilizer by air flow from hopper 2 to openers 8 using a centrifugal fan 20, p memory location in front of the two-compartment hopper 2. The drive of the centrifugal fan 20 is carried by the gasoline engine 21 «HONDA GX-690". The spiral housing of the fan 20 is directly mounted on the engine 21 from the output end of the crankshaft, and the impeller of the fan 20 is directly mounted on the output end of the crankshaft of the engine 21. On the side of the hopper 2, a loading auger 22 folding in the stowed position with a receiving funnel 23 is fixed, the drive of which is carried out from the hydraulic motor 24. From the opposite side of the hopper 2, from the bottom, there is a sowing gearbox 25.

The two-section hopper 2 of the seeder has an original design, which includes the positive qualities of the bunker part of the sowing complex according to the prototype. The hopper 2 has two separate sections - the front for grain and the back for fertilizer with loading hatches 26. At the bottom of each section there are respectively seed metering spools 27 and fertilizers that communicate with the pneumatic conveying pipe 28. The metering spools 27 are located across the longitudinal axis of the hopper 2, which allows feed a stream of grain material perpendicular to the air flow of the air conveyor system of the seeder. In this regard, the stratification of the grain stream (as well as the stream of fertilizer) with air is improved, which leads to lighter conditions for transporting the seed to the single-disc anchor coulters 8. In addition, each of the dispensers 27 communicates with its section through the corrugated pneumatic hoses pulled to the bottom part of the bent in the upper part, in the form of bends, metal pipes passing vertically inside the sections of the hopper 2 to equalize the pressure (balance) of air between the upper part of these filled sown ma the sectional material and the reel portion of the dispensers 27. The dispensers 27 installed under the sections of the hopper 2 receive rotation using the electromount from the support wheel 3 of the hopper 2 according to the following scheme: chain transmission - electric coupling - chain transmission - sowing gearbox - dispensers. In front of hopper 2, a fuel tank 29 for the HONDA GX-690 engine is installed.

The energy-saving trailed sowing complex is equipped with the Arysh-4 electronic control system, which informs the tractor driver about the working condition of the sowing complex.

Energy-saving trailed sowing complex operates as follows.

For the implementation of the working process, the sections of the hopper 2 are alternately filled with grain and fertilizer. For this, the loading auger 22 is installed in the loading position. A motor vehicle unloads grain or fertilizer into a funnel 23, from where grain or fertilizer is fed by a loading screw 22 through a hatch 26 to the corresponding section of the hopper 2. After loading the sections of the hopper 2, the loading screw 22 returns to the stowed position and is securely fixed to the side of the hopper 2. Next, the tractor the driver starts the engine 21 and sets the crankshaft speed of the engine 21 to the desired speed of the impeller of the fan 20. When the sowing complex moves across the field, the loosening traces s band on wheels 5 and sowing the seed coulters 7 spring-loaded in the form of lancet cultivator tines and the seed sowing single disc coulters anchor 8, as well as double row deepened spring harrows 9 via hydraulic cylinders 10 and 11.

After that, the tractor driver includes an electric coupling for the drive of the sowing gearbox 25, which transmits rotation to the coils of the dispensers 27. From the dispensers 27, seeds (fertilizers) wake up in the pneumatic conveying pipe 28, where they are picked up by the air flow pumped by the fan 20, and then passing through the primary collector the distributor 12 along the corrugated pneumatic hose 19, enter the secondary manifolds-distributors 13, pass through the heads 14 of the secondary manifolds-distributors, single pneumatic hoses 15, tees 16, seed tube 17 and into the soil through the sowing tube 18 individual single disc coulter anchor copying 8. The spring harrows 9 combed residues of straw and weeds, cut nevysevayuschimi coulters 7 as cultivator tines lancet and align the strip after sowing single disc coulter 8 and wheels 6 rolled down crops.

The control of the working process of the sowing complex is carried out by the tractor driver using the Arysh-4 electronic system, which promptly provides information on the fan speed 20, seed capacity and fertilizer in the hopper sections 2, the throughput of pneumatic hoses 15 and 19, as well as tees 16 and seed tubes 17.

The rate of seeding and fertilizing is set using interchangeable metering coils and interchangeable sprocket sowing gearboxes. Moreover, the speed of movement of the sowing complex does not affect the established seeding rate.

The optimal speed of the air flow pumped by the centrifugal fan into the pneumatic conveying system is set by adjusting the speed of the fan motor.

The advantage of the invention in comparison with the prototype is to increase productivity and improve the quality of the process for sowing seeds and fertilizing the soil, which ultimately entails a significant increase in crop yields.

Claims (1)

An energy-saving trailed sowing complex containing a two-section hopper mounted on a frame mounted on a frame on two support wheels with a metering unit mounted under the sections, a pneumatic conveying pipe and with a fixed folding auger with a receiving funnel for seeds or fertilizers, in front of which there is a centrifugal fan with equipped with hydraulics, air distribution manifolds and corrugated air hoses folding coulter frame with adjustable front support and rear press wheels, between which spring-loaded openers are staggered, and spring harrows, the spiral fan housing mounted on the engine from the output end of its crankshaft, on which the fan impeller is directly mounted, and installed under the sections of the hopper, the dispensers receive rotation using an electrofusion from the support wheel of the hopper according to the following scheme: chain transmission - electrical coupling - chain I gear - seeder gearbox - dispensers, while spring-loaded coulters in the form of cultivating lancet paws, walking along the tracks of the support wheels of the hopper and the front support wheels of the coulter frame, are installed on it below the subsequent rows of coulters by Δh = 0,020 ... 0,040 m, differing the fact that the coulters in the form of cultivating lancet paws are not sowing, while the subsequent sowing rows of spring-loaded coulters are made respectively in the form of left and right single-disk individual opener anchor coulters each outlet outlet of the heads of the secondary air manifolds-distributors is connected through single pneumatic hoses to one of the ends of the Y-shaped tees, and two other output pair ends of these tees, located in relation to each other at an angle from 10 to 90 degrees, in turn, they are connected through the seed tubes to the sowing tubes of the corresponding pair of left and right spring-loaded single-disk single-disc anchor openers of individual copying.

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