RU2634645C2 - Method and device for drying of firewood - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wood processing industry.

SUBSTANCE: method of drying firewood from wood is carried out by means of a device that fastens by fastening elements directly over the casing of a solid fuel boiler without changing its internal structure and consists of a casing and fasteners. The method is based on the principle of heat transmission from a solid fuel boiler to drying firewood by air. In other words a jacket with a liquid medium, which transfers heat to the air environment around the boiler is heated during the combustion process inside the solid fuel boiler. Warm air flows pass through the device where firewood is loaded, the wood warms up, free and bound moisture in the wood turns into steam, which is then absorbed by the heated air of the room. Firewood freely passes air flows between each piece. The air heated from the solid fuel boiler goes directly from the side on which the device is hung, and the device warms up the firewood which is located on the side of the boiler. Also warm air passes under the device and, rising up, warms up firewood from the bottom of the device and from the second side, in addition, warm air, rising upwards, flows freely between firewood and warms up the firewood located in the middle, the evaporating moisture rises and is absorbed by warm air of the room.

EFFECT: by virtue of the device for drying of firewood the drying process passes evenly, as warm air effectively warms up firewood from all sides.

9 cl, 16 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

Technical field

The claimed invention relates to a drying device for drying wood firewood, which complements a solid fuel boiler. In addition, the invention relates to a method for drying wood from wood, according to which the material to be dried is dried in a drying device supplementing the solid fuel boiler.

State of the art

When using firewood made of wood, whole or chipped, to be burned in solid fuel boilers designed for heating country houses, cottages, production areas of up to 1,500 square meters, one of the most important quality indicators is the dryness of the material with a maximum humidity of 30%. When the boiler is operated using firewood, the humidity of which exceeds 30%, the boiler operating time on one tab will be approximately 30% less than the maximum possible indicator (instead of 12 hours 8 hours). Accordingly, the consumption of firewood increases and the efficiency of the boiler decreases. Typically, reducing the moisture content of wood fires intended for burning in solid fuel boilers for heating country houses, cottages, production areas up to 1500 sq.m., is reduced to drying them indoors, for example in a barn, and in the open air, for example in a woodpile. With such drying, the presence of woodworm insects, the appearance of mold and defects, in addition, the quality and duration of drying depends on the season. In most cases, firewood does not reach the required maximum permissible moisture content or lower than a percentage of them; they have to be dried, namely, the required amount of firewood for one firebox is dried in a room with a boiler, for example, on the floor, which is inconvenient, since it takes up a lot of space and is inefficient, firewood on the floor, warm air is enveloped only from above, and those firewood that are in the lower and inner tiers of the slide slowly dry, they must be moved up and the top down, which leads to labor costs and garbage.

The known solution "Hot water boiler for wood and wood processing waste KVG-0.2A", designed for space heating and hot water pressure up to 0.6 MPa (6.0 kgf / cm≤). It is used in heat supply systems of industrial and office buildings for drying boards in drying chambers. ” This solution has a special firewood storage having a joint wall with the combustion chamber. Firewood (wood chips, sawdust) is loaded into the firewood accumulator, which is dried in the process of burning the boiler due to the heat passing through the joint wall and is immediately fed to the combustion chamber by means of a pusher. The disadvantage of this solution is that the firewood is immediately fed into the combustion chamber, i.e. the lowest firewood does not have time to dry to the required percentage of moisture, in addition, firewood dries unevenly, respectively, soot, tar and tar emissions on the internal surfaces of the boiler increase, boiler efficiency decreases, firewood consumption increases, the construction is cumbersome and it is impossible to disconnect the drive firewood if necessary, http://www.agrometall.ru/kotel/kvg02a/.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the present invention is the development of such a technical solution that allows you to effectively evenly dry wood firewood whole and / or chipped to a maximum permissible moisture percentage of 30% on the basis of an existing solid fuel boiler of any design using only heat that the boiler itself gives in the combustion process and allows to dry firewood both for the ongoing firebox process and for use.

The stated problem is solved by the method and device described in the independent claims, and their options in the dependent claims.

The method for drying firewood is based on the principle of heat transfer from a solid fuel boiler to dried wood by air, using a device. The device with fasteners is mounted directly on the solid fuel boiler body, without changing its internal structure, and consists of a body and fasteners, firewood can be laid before the furnace starts and / or during the boiler heating process, warm air heated by the boiler passes freely through the device into which the firewood is loaded, the warm air coming from the side on which the device is fixed warms up the firewood located in the device from the boiler side, the warm air passing under the device, rising upwards, prog there is firewood from the bottom of the device and from the second side, warm air rising upwards passes freely through the device and between the firewood and warms up the firewood located in the middle, the wood warms up, free and bound moisture in the wood turns into steam, which, rising upwards, is absorbed heated room air.

The method is based on the principle of heat transfer from a solid fuel boiler to dried wood by means of air, i.e. in the process of burning inside a solid fuel boiler, a shirt with a liquid medium is heated, which, in turn, transfers heat to the air around the boiler, warm air flows through the device into which the wood is loaded, the wood warms up, free and bound moisture in the wood turns into steam , which is then absorbed by the heated room air, while wood fire freely passes airflows between them.

Thanks to the claimed device for drying firewood, the drying process proceeds evenly, since the device has a design in which warm air effectively heats the firewood from all sides. Heated air from the solid fuel boiler goes directly from the side on which the device is mounted, and heats the firewood located in the device from the boiler side, also warm air passes under the device and, rising up, heats the firewood from the bottom of the device and from the second side, in addition , warm air, rising up, passes freely between the woods and warms up the wood located in the middle, evaporating moisture rises and is absorbed by the warm air of the room.

A method for drying firewood, based on the principle of heat transfer from a solid fuel boiler to dried wood by air, is carried out using a device that is fastened directly to the body of a solid fuel boiler using fasteners, laying firewood can be carried out before the furnace starts and / or in the furnace boiler, warm air heated by the boiler passes freely through the device into which the firewood is loaded, warm air coming from the side on which the device is fixed and heats the firewood are located in the device from the boiler side, warm air passing under the device, rising up, heats the firewood from the bottom of the device and from the second side, warm air rising up, freely passes through the device and between the firewood and heats the firewood located in the middle, the wood warms up, free and bound moisture in the wood turns into steam, which, rising up, is absorbed by the heated room air.

The firewood drying device according to one embodiment of the invention consists of a casing and fasteners, the casing consists of frames and canvas, one of the two casing frames has fasteners, with which they are mounted on the boiler parallel to its vertical side wall, the second frame is located at an angle of ≈60 ° -90 ° in relation to the first one, the frame connection unit is located at the bottom and can be in the form of a weld and / or loop.

In the particular case of execution, the space formed between the frames at the back and on top of the device, and the space between the frame elements can be filled with a mesh web and / or thin elements in the form of a cable, and / or bars, and / or chains, and / or wire, or any other thin elements, sufficiently strong and resistant to deformation, the elements are located at a distance from each other in parallel and / or at different angles, and may additionally have reinforcement plates between the frame elements.

A device for drying wood in another embodiment of the invention consists of a casing and fixtures, the casing consists of frames and canvas, one of the two casing frames has fixtures with which it is mounted on the boiler parallel to its vertical side wall, the second frame is located at an angle of ≈60 ° in relation to the first, the frame connection unit is located at the bottom and can be in the form of a weld and / or loop, the space formed between the frames at the back and top of the device, and the space between the frame elements can be filled with a mesh floor tnom and / or thin elements in the form of a cable, and / or bars, and / or chains, and / or wire or any other thin elements sufficiently strong and resistant to deformation, the elements are located at a distance from each other parallel and / or under different corners.

A device for drying wood in another embodiment of the invention consists of a casing and fixtures, the casing consists of frames and canvas, one of the two casing frames has fixtures with which it is mounted on the boiler parallel to its vertical side wall, the second frame is located at an angle of ≈90 ° in relation to the first, the frame connection unit is located at the bottom and can be in the form of a weld and / or loop, the space formed between the frames at the back and top of the device, and the space between the frame elements can be filled with a mesh floor tnom and / or thin elements in the form of a cable, and / or bars, and / or chains, and / or wire, or any other thin elements sufficiently strong and resistant to deformation, the elements are located at a distance from each other in parallel and / or under different angles.

In these versions of the device, its housing consists of two frames (RAMA -

1) a flat or spatial rod system, the elements of which (racks, crossbars) are rigidly interconnected in all or some nodes. Metal, reinforced concrete and wooden frames serve as load-bearing structures of buildings, bridges, overpasses and other structures; 2) the bearing part of the machine or installation. Big Encyclopedic Dictionary. 2000), interconnected by one side, for example using hinges or welded together, the angle between the frames can be made in the range from ≈60 ° -90 °, the space formed between the frames at the back and top of the device, and the space between the frame elements can be filled with a mesh cloth and / or thin elements in the form of a rope and / or bars (BRUS (rod) (in structural mechanics) - a structural element whose transverse dimensions are small compared to the length. Big Encyclopedic Dictionary. 2000), and / or chains and / or wires oloki, or any other thin elements, sufficiently strong and resistant to deformation, the elements are located at a distance from each other in parallel and / or at different angles.

It should be noted that those versions of the device in which the frames are connected using loops are capable, in the absence of the need to dry the firewood, fold up and not take up space in the room, without dismantling from the boiler body.

A device for drying wood, in contrast to the previous embodiments of the invention, consists of a casing and fasteners, the casing is made on the basis of a vertically oriented parallelepiped, which does not have a top face for loading firewood through the top, the front side can be movable or movable, or open or absent, and the remaining faces are made with perforation or of mesh material.

In special cases of the execution of this embodiment, the device has a shortened front face, so that free space is formed in the lower part of the device and it becomes possible to load firewood through the top. The internal space of the device can have shelves, thanks to which it is convenient to place firewood for drying, and the presence of shelves helps to improve the circulation of warm air and fumes inside the device.

Brief Description of the Drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a drying device 1 embodiment, right view;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a drying device 1 embodiment, front view;

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a drying device 1 embodiment, left view;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a drying device 1 embodiment, a top view;

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a drying device 1 embodiment, in projection;

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a drying device 1 embodiment mounted on a solid fuel boiler, front view;

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a drying device 1 embodiment mounted on a solid fuel boiler, left side view;

FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a drying device of a variant 1 embodiment, a right view;

FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a drying device of a variant 1 embodiment, front view;

FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a drying device of a variant 1 embodiment, left side view;

FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of a device for drying a variation of option 1, a top view;

FIG. 12 is a schematic representation of a drying device of a variant 1 embodiment, in projection;

FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of a drying device of a variant 1 variant mounted on a solid fuel boiler, front view;

FIG. 14 is a schematic illustration of a drying device of a variant 1 variant mounted on a solid fuel boiler, left side view;

FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of a drying device 2 embodiment mounted on a solid fuel boiler, front view;

FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration of a drying device 2 embodiment mounted on a solid fuel boiler, left side view;

Designation of structural elements:

1 - boiler;

2 - a combustion chamber;

3 - shirt;

4 - boiler body;

5 - a device for drying wood;

6 - firewood;

7 - warm air;

7.1 - warm air heating wood located along the wall of the boiler;

7.2 - warm air passing below the device;

8 - evaporation;

9.1 - frame 1 of the body of the device for drying wood;

9.2 - frame 2 of the body of the device for drying wood;

10 - loop;

11 - thin elements in the form of a rope and / or bars (BRUS (rod) (in structural mechanics) - a structural element whose transverse dimensions are small compared to length. Large Encyclopedic Dictionary. 2000), and / or chains, and / or wire;

12 - hooks;

13 - plates for amplification.

The implementation of the invention

The implementation of the method of drying firewood

The device (5) is fastened with fasteners (12) on one side to the right or left of FIG. 6, 7, 13, 14, 15, 16, directly to the body (4) of the solid fuel boiler (1). Firewood (6) is placed in the device (5) on top of FIG. 15, 16 or in front of FIG. 6, 7, 13, 14, depending on the type of device installed. The laying of firewood (6) in the device (5) is carried out before the start of the furnace and / or during the furnace of the boiler (1). During combustion inside the solid fuel boiler (2), warm air (7) heats the jacket (3) with a liquid medium, which, in turn, transfers heat to the air around the boiler (7.1) of FIG. 6, 7, 13, 14, 15, 16, warm air (7.1, 7.2) passes through the device (5) into which wood firewood is loaded (6), warm air (7.1) from the solid fuel boiler goes directly from the other side which secures the device (5), and heats the firewood located in the device (5) from the side of the boiler, also warm air (7.2) passes under the device (5) and, rising up, heats the firewood (6) from the bottom of the device (5) and with the second side, in addition, warm air, rising upward, freely passes between the wood and warms up the firewood located in the middle , the wood warms up, free and bound moisture in the wood turns into steam (8), which, rising up, is absorbed by the heated room air, while wood fire freely passes warm air and steam between each other.

In one of the particular cases of carrying out the invention using 1 variant of the device (5) of FIG. 1-7, one of the frames (9.1) of the housing is installed on the boiler (1) of FIG. 6 by means of the hooks (12) of FIG. 5 directly behind the boiler body (4) of FIG. 6 parallel to its vertical side wall, the second frame (9.2) with respect to the first (9.1) is located at an angle of ≈60 °, the frame connection node loop (10) is located at the bottom of FIG. 5, 6, with this arrangement of frames (9.1, 9.2), the dried firewood (6) of FIG. 6 are located with an increase in volume to the top, so that warm air (7.1) coming from the boiler (1) to the side warms up the wood (6) that are located along the wall of the boiler, and warm air coming from the bottom (7.2) under the device rises, collides with firewood (6), which rest on the second frame (9.2) and warms them up. The almost absence of canvas in the frames allows warm air currents (7, 7.1, 7.2) to freely pass through the device to the wood (6) (Fig. 6) and leave the pair (8).

In another of the particular cases of carrying out the invention using 1 variant of the device (5) of FIG. 8-14, one of the frames (9.1) of the housing is installed on the boiler (1) of FIG. 13 by means of the hooks (12) of FIG. 12 directly behind the boiler body (4) of FIG. 13 parallel to its vertical side wall, the second frame (9.2) relative to the first (9.1) is located at an angle of ≈90 °, the frame connection node, the loop (10), is located below, with this arrangement of frames, the dried firewood (6) is located with an increase volume to the bottom (Fig. 6), but with a decrease in the thickness of the firewood away from the boiler, due to which the warm air (7.1) coming from the boiler (1) to the side warms up the firewood that is located along the wall of the boiler, and warm air, going below (7.2) under the device heats up the wood (6), which are supported by the second frame (9.2). The almost absence of canvas in the frames allows warm air currents (7, 7.1, 7.2) to freely pass through the device to the firewood (6) (Fig. 13) and leave the pair (8).

In one of the particular cases of carrying out the invention using 2 variants of the device (5) of FIG. 15-16 the body is made on the basis of a vertically oriented parallelepiped, all faces of which are made with perforation or of mesh material. The device does not have a top face, which makes it possible to load firewood through the top. Firewood lies right at the bottom, the bottom like all other faces has perforation. Warm air (7.1), going from the boiler (1) to the side, warms up the wall of the device (5), which heats the firewood (6) adjacent to it, and also through the perforation holes, warm air (7.1) passes into the device and also heats the wood ( 6), warm air (7.2) coming down below the device (5) passes through the perforation holes, heats the wood (6) inside the device (5). Wood firewood (6) freely pass warm air (7.1, 7.2) and steam (8) among themselves.

In another of the particular cases of carrying out the invention with the help of 2 variants, the device (5) may have a shortened front face, due to which a free space is formed in the lower part of the device through which warm air will more effectively enter the drying device.

In the third of the particular cases of the invention using the 2 options, the device (5), the front side may be movable, sliding or opening, or it may not have a front side at all, which makes it possible to load firewood for drying from the front.

In the fourth of the particular cases of carrying out the invention using 2 options, the device (5), the internal space of the device can have shelves, thanks to which it is convenient to place firewood for drying, and the presence of shelves helps to improve the circulation of warm air and fumes inside the device.

Examples of obtaining the claimed technical result can serve as the data shown in table 1, "indicators of temperature and humidity of wood when using a device for drying."

Measurement conditions: room volume - 300 m ² , indoor air humidity - 50-60%, indoor air temperature - 21.4 ° C, the boiler brand on which the device for drying wood is installed is PK10, the average boiler temperature is 77 , 7 ° C, the volume of one bookmark of firewood for drying is 0.05 m ³ , the drying time of one bookmark is 8-9 hours. Measurement of the humidity of firewood was carried out by a device for measuring the humidity of firewood and building materials TESTO 616, humidity and air temperature in the room with a Center 310 hygrometer (entered in State Register 22129-04).

Claims (9)

1. A method for drying firewood, based on the principle of heat transfer from a solid fuel boiler to dried wood by air, is carried out using a device, characterized in that the device is fastened directly to the body of the solid fuel boiler using fasteners, the firewood can be laid before the furnace starts and / or in the process of heating the boiler, warm air heated by the boiler freely passes through the device into which firewood is loaded, warm air coming from the side on which the device is fixed, firewood located in the device from the boiler side, warm air passing under the device, rising up, heats the firewood from the bottom of the device and from the second side, warm air rising up freely passes through the device and between the woods and heats the firewood located in the middle , the wood warms up, free and bound moisture in the wood turns into steam, which, rising to the top, is absorbed by the heated room air. 2. A device for drying wood consists of a housing and fixtures, the housing consists of frames and canvas, one of the two frames of the housing has fixtures with which it is installed on the boiler parallel to its vertical side wall, the second frame is located at an angle of ≈60 ° -90 ° in relation to the first, the frame connection unit is located at the bottom and can be in the form of a weld and / or loop. 3. A device for drying firewood according to claim 2, characterized in that the space formed between the frames at the back and on top of the device and the space between the elements of the frames can be filled with a mesh cloth and / or thin elements in the form of a cable and / or bars, and / or chains, and / or wire, or any other thin elements, sufficiently strong and resistant to deformation, the elements are located at a distance from each other in parallel and / or at different angles. 4. A device for drying firewood according to claim 2, characterized in that it can additionally have reinforcement plates between frame elements. 5. A device for drying firewood consists of a housing and fixtures, the housing consists of frames and cloth, one of the two frames of the housing has fixtures, with which they are installed on the boiler parallel to its vertical side wall, the second frame is located at an angle of ≈60 ° with respect to first, the frame connection unit is located at the bottom and can be in the form of a weld and / or loop, the space formed between the frames at the back and top of the device, and the space between the frame elements can be filled with a mesh web and / or thin elements in the form of a cable, and / or bars, and / or chains, and / or wire, or any other thin elements, sufficiently strong and resistant to deformation, the elements are located at a distance from each other, in parallel and / or at different angles. 6. The device for drying firewood consists of a housing and fixtures, the housing consists of frames and cloth, one of the two frames of the housing has fixtures, with which they are installed on the boiler parallel to its vertical side wall, the second frame is located at an angle of ≈90 ° relative to first, the frame connection unit is located at the bottom and can be in the form of a weld and / or loop, the space formed between the frames at the back and top of the device, and the space between the frame elements can be filled with a mesh web and / or thin elements in the form of a cable, and / or bars, and / or chains, and / or wire, or any other thin elements, sufficiently strong and resistant to deformation, the elements are located at a distance from each other in parallel and / or at different angles. 7. A device for drying wood, consisting of a casing and fasteners, the casing is made on the basis of a vertically oriented parallelepiped, which does not have a top face for loading firewood through the top, the front side can be movable or movable, or opening, or absent, and the remaining faces are made perforated or mesh. 8. A device for drying firewood according to claim 7, characterized in that it has a shortened front face, so that free space is formed in the lower part of the device, 9. A device for drying firewood according to claim 7, characterized in that the internal space of the device can have shelves, thanks to which it is convenient to place firewood for drying, and the presence of shelves helps to improve the circulation of warm air and fumes inside the device.

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