RU2634281C1 - Machine for applying solid and loose organic fertilisers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: machine includes a hopper, a fertiliser feeding mechanism, a frame to which a support wheel, hollow shares, coverers, and a drive of working bodies are fixed. The machine is additionally equipped with a device for distributing fertilisers between the hollow shares-applicators, including a grinding device closed by a casing and a separating funnel. The grinding device is made in the form of separate vertical discs fixed on horizontal shafts in bearing supports with the possibility of rotation from the drive. The surface of the discs is equipped with cutters on both sides and at the butt. Directly under the grinding device, the separating funnel is arranged, the bottom of which is made in the form of sliding trays installed at an angle α to each other and fastened together by a hinge. In the lower part of the hopper, the fertiliser feeding mechanism is horizontally arranged. In the rear part of the hopper, a bracket connected by means of the hydraulic cylinder with the frame is fixed. Between the hollow shares-applicators, a telescopic bar is fixed.

EFFECT: with such implementation, the working grip width is changed, the productivity is increased, and the fertiliser consumption rate is reduced.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to machines for making solid and loose organic fertilizers mainly in gardens.

A known machine for applying solid organic fertilizers containing a body with a spreading working body mounted on the chassis. At the bottom of the body, a feeder is installed in the form of a scraper conveyor, on which a movable wall equipped with inclined support bars in which roller bearings are placed is pivotally mounted. The side walls of the body are made inclined and two belt conveyors are additionally installed on them. The spreading tool further has a rotary cultivator-leveler. The design will improve the uniformity of fertilizer supply to spreading working bodies (RF Patent No. 2395188, 07/27/2010).

The disadvantage of this machine is the high material costs, because due to the introduction of fertilizer over the entire width of the grip of the machine there is an overrun of the fertilizer, in addition, not all nutrients fall into the plant nutrition zone.

A known machine for applying bulk fertilizers, which consists of a hopper with a fertilizer feed mechanism, a frame, copy wheels, a support wheel, a mechanism for translating the machine into transport position, driving working bodies, openers, shorting devices, a device for removing part of the fertilizer. A device for removing part of the fertilizer consists of a plate pivotally mounted on a horizontal axis, which is mounted on the bracket with the possibility of movement in the grooves. An emphasis and an axis are fixed at one end of the plate, on which a bracket with an axis and a spring is mounted. A finger disc is located on the axis. At the other end of the plate there is a spring, which provides adhesion of the finger disc to the soil (Auto St. SU No. 365966). We accept the specified car for the prototype.

The disadvantage of this machine is its low productivity and the absence of grinding fertilizer, which affects the uniformity of fertilizer application in the furrow and leads not only to an increase in the fertilizer application rate, but also to an increase in material and operating costs.

The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention is to increase the working width, increase productivity and reduce the rate of fertilizer consumption.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the machine for applying solid and loose organic fertilizers, including a hopper, a fertilizer feeder, a frame on which the support wheel, hollow coulters, shortcuts and the drive of the working bodies are mounted, according to the invention it is additionally equipped with a device for distribution fertilizers between hollow openers-feeding machines, including a chopper, closed by a casing, and a separation funnel; moreover, the grinding apparatus is made in the form of separate vertical disks mounted on horizontal shafts in bearing bearings with the possibility of rotation from the drive, while the surface of the disks is equipped with knives on both sides and from the end; a separatory funnel is placed directly under the grinding device, the bottom of which is made in the form of sliding trays installed at an angle a to each other and fastened together by a hinge; a fertilizer feed mechanism is horizontally placed at the bottom of the hopper; a bracket is attached to the rear of the hopper, connected by a hydraulic cylinder to the frame, and a telescopic rod is fixed between the hollow openers.

Installing in the machine an additional device for distributing fertilizers between the hollow openers-feeders, including a grinding device, closed by a casing, and a separation funnel, will allow to distribute the fertilizer and introduce it more evenly into the furrow, which will reduce the fertilizer consumption rate.

The protective cover reduces the rate of fertilizer consumption by restricting it to go beyond the machine at the time of grinding.

The implementation of the grinding apparatus in the form of separate vertical disks rotating from the drive, equipped with knives on both sides and from the end, provides high-quality grinding of fertilizer and its uniform application into the soil, which will ensure a reduction in fertilizer consumption rates.

Placing the separation funnel directly under the grinding device will evenly distribute fertilizer between the hollow openers, thereby increasing the productivity of the machine.

The execution of the bottom of the separation funnel in the form of sliding trays installed at an angle a to each other and fastened together by a hinge, makes it possible to change the working width of the machine depending on the width of the aisle of the processed garden, which increases productivity.

The fastening between the hollow openers-feeders of the telescopic bar allows you to change the working width of the machine depending on the width of the aisle of the processed garden, which increases productivity.

The installation of a bracket in the back of the hopper connected by means of a hydraulic cylinder to the frame will allow reliably transferring the machine from the transport position to the working one, which will allow to make fertilizers efficiently and increase productivity.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that the claimed combination of features allows to increase the working width of the machine, increase its productivity and reduce the rate of fertilizer consumption.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where in FIG. 1 shows a machine for applying solid and loose organic fertilizers, side view; in FIG. 2 - a device for distributing fertilizers between hollow openers-feeding machines, rear view.

The machine for applying solid and loose organic fertilizers consists of a hopper 1 (Fig. 1), support wheels 2 (Fig. 1), in the lower part of the hopper 1 there is a feed mechanism 3 (Fig. 1), in the back of the hopper 1 (Fig. 1) the bracket 4 (Fig. 1) is attached with the hydraulic cylinder 5 (Fig. 1), which is connected to the frame 6 (Fig. 1), on which the separation funnel 7 (Fig. 1), the press wheel 8 (Fig. 1) are attached , grinder 9 (Fig. 1), hollow openers 10 (Fig. 1), and the grinding apparatus 11 (Fig. 1) is located above the separation funnel 7 (Fig. 1) and is closed by a casing 12 (Fig. 1). A device for distributing fertilizers between the hollow openers 10 (Fig. 2) consists of a grinding apparatus 11 (Fig. 1) made in the form of separate vertical disks 15 (Fig. 2) having knives from the end and two sides rotating horizontally located shafts 16 (Fig. 2), which are mounted in bearing bearings 17 (Fig. 2), driven by a drive 18 (Fig. 2). In the lower part of the grinding apparatus, a separation funnel 7 is attached (Fig. 1), the bottom of which consists of two sliding trays 19 (Fig. 2), fixed by a hinge 20 (Fig. 2) at an angle α to each other, dividing the crushed fertilizer into 2 streams 14 (FIG. 1) between the hollow openers 10 (FIG. 1), the distance between which is changed using a telescopic rod 21 (FIG. 2).

Works machine for applying solid and bulk organic fertilizers as follows.

Fertilizers 13 are loaded into the hopper 1. When the machine moves along the aisle of the garden, we translate the frame into the working position and cut the furrows in the near-stem zone of the trees with hollow openers-feeders 9. Fertilizers 13 from the hopper 1 under the action of the feed mechanism 3 are sent to the grinding apparatus 11. Equipped with knives with of the two sides and end faces, the disks 15 rotate by means of a drive 18 on horizontally arranged shafts 16 (Fig. 2), mounted in bearing bearings 17 (Fig. 2), affect the total mass of fertilizer 13 and grind it. The crushed mass of fertilizer 14 wakes up through the disks 15 of the grinding apparatus 11 and enters the separation funnel 7, the bottom of which consists of two sliding trays 19 (Fig. 2), fixed by a hinge 20 (Fig. 2) at an angle a to each other. The crushed fertilizer 14 is divided into two streams, distributed between the openers 9, and sent to the tree feeding zone. The protective casing 12 prevents the screening of the crushed fertilizer 14 behind the machine when fertilizing. The crushed fertilizer 14 along the inner part of the hollow opener-feeder falls into the formed furrow, filling it. Zagortachi 9 close the apical part of the furrow, filled with crushed fertilizer 14, soil and rolls up with a rolling wheel 8.

The proposed design in comparison with the prototype and other well-known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- reduction of fertilizer consumption rates;

- increase the concentration of necessary substances in the nutrient zone of the plant;

- reduction of material costs;

- increase in productivity;

- reduction of operational, energy costs.

Claims (1)

A machine for applying solid and loose organic fertilizers, including a hopper, a fertilizer feeder, a frame on which a support wheel, hollow openers, earthing devices and a drive of the working bodies are mounted, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a device for distributing fertilizers between the hollow openers, feeding machines, including a grinding apparatus, closed by a casing, and a separation funnel; moreover, the grinding apparatus is made in the form of separate vertical disks mounted on horizontal shafts in bearing bearings with the possibility of rotation from the drive, while the surface of the disks is equipped with knives on both sides and from the end; a separatory funnel is placed directly under the grinding device, the bottom of which is made in the form of sliding trays installed at an angle α to each other and fastened together by a hinge; a fertilizer feed mechanism is horizontally placed at the bottom of the hopper; a bracket is attached to the rear of the hopper, connected by a hydraulic cylinder to the frame, and a telescopic rod is fixed between the hollow openers.

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