RU2633626C1 - Reinforced-ground barrette shallow foundation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: foundation comprises vertical trench walls. The trenches are laid out with hollow composite blocks of the rectangular cross-section with or without a bottom, with a width equal to the trench width, with a wall thickness required by the design foundation strength conditions by ground and material, filled with a filling material.

EFFECT: improving the foundation reliability, ensuring the effective operation of the foundation under the impact of various loads thereon, reducing the material consumption and labour intensity.

6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to foundations of shallow laying, namely to slotted foundations, characterized by the use of lightweight composite structures as load-bearing elements and the creation of an armored ground mass, which can be used as base reinforcement for buildings and structures with a slab foundation, as well as a foundation for various constructions, bridges and pipelines, gas pipelines, temporary household structures, residential buildings and crowded places.

Known slab foundation (1), reinforced with a recessed clip located outside the foundation along its perimeter at a certain distance from the edge of the plate. The depth of the bottom of the holder exceeds the depth of the maximum horizontal movement of the soil. The distance of the cage from the edge of the slab is assigned depending on the planned design bearing capacity or settlement of the foundation, and in the composite cage of the reinforcing elements, their upper parts are connected by a belt.

This type of foundation has the following disadvantages: a composite cage of reinforcing elements, which separates horizontal stresses under the base of the foundation, is a disconnecting wall, which are recognized as not effective (2). The presence of gaps between the reinforcing elements and piles in the soil makes possible the free exchange of stresses and strains at the base of such a foundation. This weakens the effectiveness of reinforcing the foundation with such clips.

Known monolithic base system (3) with a resistant composite coating of a homopolymer having a semi-continuous configuration, contains load-balancing elements for forming joints. It contains a base containing polystyrene foam blocks and bearing a semi-continuous cement-concrete coating, the formwork of which is formed by polystyrene foam blocks that are part of the base. The load balancing elements are designed as load balancing plates. Each of the load-distributing plates contains two anchors with two reinforcing bars for setting the position of the seam shaper and a hinge made to rotate counterclockwise under the action of the reference moment created by the load, and clockwise under the action of the reference moment created by the load-distributing plates.

This design has the following disadvantages: this slab foundation is difficult to perform in building conditions, you must first dig a pit, remove weak heaving soil, it is proposed to use very expensive, but weak polymer structures for compression, which is obviously inefficient.

The construction of the foundation of low-rise buildings on subsiding soils is known (4). The trench under the foundation is made 3 times wider than the foundation width to the depth of the foundation, taking into account the thickness of the slab laid on the bottom of the trench and sand filling on the top of the slab under the base, which is made of reinforced concrete with slopes to drain water penetrating through the ground, or in the form of a pillow made of greasy clay, which restrains the pressure of water, 35-40 cm thick, on top of which there is a strip foundation, the sinuses of which are covered with soil, while instead of a plate or clay pillow, a durable waterproof fabric (for example, fiberglass) laid on the bottom of a trench of cylindrical or broken shape, convex upward, and the design is complemented by vertical drains of sand, arranged along the faces of a slab of reinforced concrete, oily clay or waterproof fabric, preventing the penetration of water under them.

This design has the following disadvantages: the proposed design requires a significant amount of earthwork, an additional drainage device is required, but it does not solve the problem of strengthening the bearing capacity of the soil of the base.

The closest in technical essence is the construction of the foundation (5) for residential buildings or commercial buildings, containing at least one external wall selected from the group consisting of a vertical wall and a horizontal floor, and at least one external wall is equipped with a supporting metal frame . At least a portion of the at least one outer wall is below ground level, and the at least one outer wall comprises at least one reinforced lightweight cement panel that is able to maintain its size. The frame contains at least one metal frame element selected from the group consisting of corrugated metal sheet, metal beams and metal racks. The panel has a density of 65 to 90 pounds per cubic foot (1.04-1.44 g / cm ³ ) and is able to withstand shear when attached to the frame, the panel containing a uniform phase obtained by curing an aqueous solution containing, in terms of dry matter, 35-70% by weight. reactive powder, 20-50% by weight. lightweight filler and 5-20% weight. glass fibers. The homogeneous phase is reinforced with glass fibers and contains lightweight filler particles that have a specific gravity of 0.02-1.00 and an average particle size of about 10-500 microns.

This option has the following disadvantages: a complex structure, which requires highly skilled workers, increases the required time for the installation of the foundation and uses a significant amount of heterogeneous imported materials.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to maximize the use of affordable cheap material and use lightweight durable composite blocks as the body of a slit foundation, which will reduce the cost of the foundation, increase its reliability and eliminate the use of heavy lifting equipment.

This problem is solved as follows: the design of a shallow armored ground foundation foundation containing vertical trench walls is distinguished by the fact that trenches are laid out by hollow composite blocks of rectangular section with or without a bottom, a width equal to the width of the trench, with wall thickness required by the terms of the design strength of the foundation on soil and material filled with filling material. Trenches are cut through by a barrel installation, or arranged with a grab, excavator or trencher. The hollow composite block in the trenches can be supplemented with stiffeners and / or divided into several sections. A hollow composite block can be filled with soil without organic impurities, sand, gravel, sand and gravel, bulk materials, a mixture of soil or sand with cement, concrete, a mixture of soil with a polymer additive, a mixture of soil with reinforcing fiber. Sand, gravel, or concrete preparation is arranged on top of the foundation. In the case of filling the hollow composite blocks with a mixture based on cement or another binder, it is possible to arrange the release of reinforcement for combining with grillage or slab.

The essence of the proposed constructive solution is the creation of an armored soil slotted foundation of hollow composite blocks. The composite block can be made by infusion, RTM, pultrusion, contact molding or winding. As materials for the manufacture of the composite block, fiberglass, basalt-plastic, carbon-fiber and organoplastics can be used, as well as their combinations, in some cases at a low load, non-reinforced polyvinyl chloride plastics made of low-pressure polyethylene, etc. can be used. The choice of material depends on the design load of the reinforced soil crevice foundation. The composite block is made in a rectangular shape, with dimensions determined by the calculation, as well as from the point of view of technological features of the equipment for the formation of gaps (milling cutter), hollow, consisting of walls of the required thickness for calculation, with or without bottom. The need for the bottom is established by the design task and depends on specific soil conditions. The presence of the bottom slightly increases the cost of the structure. The width of the composite block should correspond to the width of the trench to prevent the formation of large gaps, which subsequently need to be filled. To facilitate transportation and increase bearing capacity, the block structure can be supplemented by stiffeners and / or several sections are divided. The choice of a specific material and method of fastening the stiffeners and intermediate walls of the composite block is a matter of choosing the manufacturing technology and determining the needs of customers, the target market and the range of manufactured products. The composite block is filled with soil, without organic impurities. To increase the drainage properties, the block can be filled with imported sand, gravel or sand-gravel mixture (ASG). To increase strength and bearing capacity, the block cavity can be filled with imported soil, bulk materials, as well as a mixture of soil or sand (ASG) with cement, concrete, polymer additives, reinforcing fiber.

The composite block acts as the supporting reinforcement of the armored ground mass, and a system of several slotted foundations works as a shallow foundation (Fig. 1). Reduced lateral friction compared to traditional materials allows you to apply the present foundation design in heaving soils.

On top of the slit foundation, sand, gravel or concrete preparation is arranged, or in the case of filling the blocks with cement-soil or sand-cement mix or concrete, it is possible to arrange the outlets of the reinforcement to combine with the grill / slab.

The technology of the device of the armored soil slotted foundation consists in the following sequence of actions (Fig. 2):

1) a trench is cut through by a barrel installation, which is the most technologically advanced and profitable option, possibly with a grab, excavator or trencher;

2) the hollow composite block of rectangular section is immersed (Fig. 3) in the trench;

3) layer-by-layer filling of the cavity of the block with a seal is performed;

4) sand, gravel or concrete preparation is arranged;

5) it is possible to arrange valve outlets for combining with grillage / plate.

In FIG. 1 shows a shallow foundation made by three slotted foundations. The crevice foundation is a hollow composite block (shown in Fig. 3), laid in a trench cut by a barrel installation, which is the most technologically advanced and profitable option, possibly arranged using a grab, excavator or trencher (the process of creating a crevice foundation is shown in Fig. 2 ), and then filled with layered local soil or imported materials and mixtures. The design of the hollow block can be supplemented by stiffeners or divided by vertical walls into sections from the condition of stability of the side wall during transportation and operation. If necessary, increase the bearing capacity of the foundation on the heels in soft soils, the design can be supplemented by a monolithic end cap on one side (the bottom of the slotted foundation block). The composition of the filling material is selected based on specific requirements for the foundation of a particular building and structure from the conditions of bearing capacity for the material, the requirement to provide vertical drainage, economic considerations, etc.

The proposed armored foundation massif can be used as a base reinforcement for buildings and structures with a slab foundation, as well as a foundation for various structures, bridges and pipelines, gas pipelines, temporary residential buildings, residential buildings and crowded places.

A shallow armored foundation slit foundation can act as a bezelless support if it is used as, for example, a road foundation in wetlands or a pipeline foundation. Sand, gravel, or concrete preparation is arranged on top of the foundation, depending on the specific conditions and nature of the load.

As a use of it, such as reinforcing the base for buildings and structures with a slab foundation, it is possible to arrange rebar releases for combining with a grillage or slab for the perception of horizontal and pulling forces. In this case, the filling material of the hollow composite blocks is a mixture based on cement or another binder. A grillage or plate, how much reinforcement and which one, is determined by the specific design conditions.

The technical result consists in ensuring the effective operation of the foundation under the influence of various loads on it, reducing material consumption and labor intensity.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2536527 dated 12/27/2014. Z. No. 2013111976 dated March 19, 2013, of the year E02D27 / 01.

2. The dissertation of N.S. Nikiforova "Patterns of deformation of the foundations of buildings near deep pits and protective measures", 2008

3. RF patent No. 2509841 dated 03/20/2014. Z. No.2010154175 dated July 3, 2009, E02D 27/01.

4. RF patent for utility model No. 150469 dated 02.20.2015. Z. No. 2014131326 of July 29, 2014, E02D 27/01.

5. RF patent No. 2424400 of 07.20.2011. Z. No. 2009102294/03 of 06.25.2007, E02D 27/00.

Claims (6)

1. Armored ground crevice foundation of shallow laying, containing vertical walls-trenches, characterized in that the trenches are laid out with hollow composite blocks of rectangular section with or without a bottom, a width equal to the width of the trench, with a wall thickness required by the conditions of the design strength of the foundation on the ground and material filled with filling material. 2. Armored ground crevice foundation shallow according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow composite block in the trenches can be supplemented with stiffeners and / or divided into several sections. 3. Armored ground crevice foundation of shallow laying according to paragraphs. 1, 2, characterized in that the trenches are cut through a barreled installation, or arranged with a grab, excavator or trencher. 4. Armored ground crevice foundation of shallow laying according to paragraphs. 1, 2, characterized in that the hollow composite block can be filled with soil without organic impurities, sand, gravel, sand and gravel, bulk materials, a mixture of soil or sand with cement, concrete, a mixture of soil with a polymer additive, a mixture of soil with reinforcing fiber. 5. Armored ground slotted foundation of shallow laying according to paragraphs. 1, 2, 3, 4, characterized in that sandy, gravel or concrete preparation is arranged on top of the foundation. 6. Armored ground crevice foundation of shallow laying according to paragraphs. 1, 2, 3, characterized in that in the case of filling the hollow composite blocks with a mixture based on cement or another binder, it is possible to release valves to be combined with a grill or slab.

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