RU2631587C2 - Sail horizontal wind-driven turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: sail horizontal wind-driven turbine consists of two parallel walls, hiding the lower half of rotor from wind and having along the walls a pile of soil at an angle of 30° to the horizon, a roof in the form of canopy of diamond-shaped cross-section that covers walls so that between the walls and the roof there is a rotor consisting of a shaft on which two sidewalls are rigidly fixed, representing asterisks having 4 or more rays, the ends of rays are connected by external tubular beams and inside the sidewall of the rotor are connected by an internal beam in the form of pipe coaxial with the rotor shaft and forming a rigid rotor frame which additionally has an annular rim, centered and controlled by lanyards to support the whole rotor construction by rollers, which has radial blades, consisting of sails, mounted on plastic elastic frames, which are able to rotate freely along its axis in the joints of external beams and in joints of internal beam, passing through which sail axis end with levers which are pivotally united by control rods, having rollers on their ends, propped up from two side with control dials, pivotally connected with control jacks, which operate synchronously after the signal from force sensor and wind direction, changing the angle of attack and sailage of sails from maximum to zero.

EFFECT: increasing the coefficient of wind energy use.

3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to wind energy.

Sailing horizontal wind-driven turbine contains a stationary building building, which consists of two parallel walls of considerable length, which along the walls, from the outside, fill the soil at an angle of 30 ° to the horizontal.

The roof of the building is made in the form of a canopy of a rhomboid cross-section, serves to protect the turbine from weathering and is used as a means to direct, accelerate and seal the air flow.

The rotor is mounted horizontally in the building with the possibility of rotation on the rotor shaft. Two sidewalls are rigidly fixed on the rotor shaft, consisting of four-, five- or six-beam sprockets, the ends of the beams of which are connected by external tubular beams, and inside the rotor sidewall they are connected by an internal beam in the form of a large-diameter pipe, coaxial with the rotor shaft and forming a rigid rotor frame .

Depending on the length of the rotor shaft, the rotor additionally has annular rims, centered and adjustable by turnbuckles and serving to support, on roller bearings, the entire rotor structure.

The rotor has 4, 5 or 6 elements of radial blades, consisting of a series of sails, mounted on the rotor shaft pivotally in the outer and inner beams. Elements of radial sails are located at equal distances from each other. Each element of the radial sails contains supporting hinges, frame and sail. The wind blade has such a shape that it captures the air flow directed at it from any direction by changing the angle of attack of the sails, which causes the blade to move and the appearance of a rotational force on the rotor shaft. As a result, the rotor rotates about its longitudinal axis.

The elements of the radial sails are pivotally connected to each other, at their inner end sections of the axis of rotation, using levers with a control rod. The control rods for each blade have rollers at the ends. The rollers are located between the control disks. The control discs are pressed tightly against the rollers with hydraulic or screw jacks. The disks are driven synchronously in automatic mode by a command from the direction and force sensor, providing the sails with an optimal angle of attack. Also, each blade can have an individual electric sail control. The control disks, acting through the rollers on the control rod, when changing the direction of the wind, change the angle of attack of the sails in the active phase to optimal for moderate winds and reduce windage to zero in hurricane winds. Zero windage is also established in the passive phase of sail movement.

When the direction of the wind is parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor, the sailing horizontal wind power turbine goes into operation as a screw. At the same time, the performance of the sails will slightly decrease, but that is why, to ensure constant power in all directions of the wind, it is envisaged to use a couple of installations at the same time with their location on the ground at an angle of 90 ° relative to each other and at a distance that excludes the creation of a wind shadow.

The length of a sailing wind turbine can be increased by connecting several separate end and intermediate sections. For the convenience of repair, inspection and maintenance, the inner beam of the rotor may have mounting windows.

Sailing horizontal wind power turbine of the present invention offers several advantages:

- can be installed on horizontal or inclined surfaces;

- has a horizontal configuration;

- has a modular configuration (side by side);

- shelter design protects from atmospheric precipitation;

- has blades, consisting of guided sails, adjustable so as to increase the windage as much as possible or reduce to zero;

- each section of the turbine has a length of 100 meters (however, this size may vary);

- the design has high strength;

- low construction height simplifies access to components;

- can be installed in desert, mountainous areas not suitable for agricultural use;

- at a given size of the structure, special vehicles are not used for transportation of large-sized structural elements and special assembly equipment is not required during assembly;

- It can generate energy at wind speeds below 5 m / s, which is about 80% of winds in some areas;

- able to withstand winds with a speed of more than 50 m / s;

- the use of installations in pairs ensures stable operation in any direction of the wind and improves the efficiency of energy generation;

- the use of units in pairs allows for routine maintenance, repair and maintenance in turn without a complete stop of generation;

- the design of the installation is easily accessible for maintenance;

- in case of damage to the sail, it can be easily replaced;

- disassembly of the installation design is possible without the involvement of special equipment;

- simple maintenance;

- low cost;

- the total size can be adjusted for specific application conditions;

- ease of manufacture;

- can tolerate gusts of wind and shock;

- Installations with low, medium and high power can be designed according to one concept, simply by appropriate scaling of the components;

- spare parts are readily available and can be obtained in a short time;

- the installation includes a controller for controlling said sailing horizontal wind turbine in automatic mode;

- the controller provides optimal angles of attack of the sails in the active phase of movement and reduces its windage to zero during passive movement, and also contains sensors attached to the said controller to control speed, direction of air flow, noise and vibration.

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to a high power sailing horizontal wind power turbine with increased resistance to destructive force of the wind, intended for converting kinetic wind energy into mechanical and generating electricity.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Various wind engines and wind wheels of both helical and sailing action are known, however, for wind engines and screw wind wheels in pursuit of power, the construction of ever higher towers or masts reaching hundreds of meters is required, while the direction and strength of the wind in different atmospheric layers can vary significantly.

At the same time, stability decreases and the likelihood of creating serious emergencies with the destructive force of the wind increases. In addition, they have a limited range from the beginning of work, an increased level of generated noise, create a danger to flocks of birds and aircraft, require a large security area, etc.

Therefore, it is more preferable to use safe wind turbines (wind wheels) of sailing action with a horizontal shaft, the use of which eliminates these disadvantages.

Sailing turbines compared to screw ones can be of greater power and at the same time much more resistant to the destructive force of the wind.

When the wind direction changes, in the automatic mode, only the angle of attack of the sails changes. The entire installation is stationary and remains stationary on the ground.

When the direction of the wind is parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor, the wind turbine goes into operation as a screw. At the same time, the performance of the sails will slightly decrease, but that is why, to ensure constant power in all directions of the wind, it is envisaged to use a couple of installations at the same time with their location on the ground at an angle of 90 ° relative to each other and at a distance that excludes the creation of a wind shadow.

Closest to the proposed is a horizontal wind turbine according to patent No. 2539945, the author of the patent QUINTAL Regin.

The turbine disclosed in this patent is of low power. When changing the direction of the wind, the whole installation is assumed to be turned on a platform of an unknown design, it does not have a mechanism for changing the angle of attack of the blades, the blades in the inactive phase of movement create a braking effect.

Enercon E-126 is a wind generator manufactured by the German company Enercon. The total height is 198 m, and the installation of the APU is allowed at a distance of at least 5 of their heights from the nearest residential buildings. The capacity of a power plant worth 11 million euros is 7.58 MW, and it has a storm limitation of wind speed of 34 m / s. If this speed is exceeded, the installation will be destroyed. The service life is about 10-20 years.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A characteristic feature of the present invention is the provision of a sailing horizontal wind power turbine, in which the disadvantages of the existing horizontal wind turbines mentioned above have been largely overcome.

Another feature of the present invention is the provision of a sailing horizontal wind power turbine, characterized in that the rotor design has a unique shape, which allows you to work both at very low and very high wind speeds.

Another feature of the present invention is the provision of a sailing horizontal wind power turbine that can operate in any wind direction without moving the turbine.

Another feature of the present invention is the provision of a horizontal sailing wind turbine, for the installation of which high-altitude special equipment is not required and highly skilled personnel are not required for maintenance.

Another feature of the present invention is the provision of a horizontal sailing wind power turbine that can be controlled automatically by a programmable controller module.

Another feature of the present invention is the provision of a horizontal sailing wind turbine, which can be connected in series from the side and intermediate sections located one after another.

Another feature of the present invention is the provision of a sailing horizontal wind power turbine having a structurally located roof of a rhomboid cross-section and filling the soil along the walls, which provide a seal and accelerate the flow of air entering the turbine.

In accordance with the features listed above, the present invention in a broad sense provides a sailing horizontal wind power turbine including a stationary building body and means for directing air flow. In the building, a rotor is installed horizontally with the possibility of rotation. The rotor has 4 or more elements of radial blades, consisting of sails mounted pivotally on the rotor shaft in the outer and inner beams. Elements of radial sails are located at equal distances from each other. Each element of the radial sails contains supporting hinges, frame and sail. The wind blade has such a shape that it captures the air flow directed at it from any direction by changing the angle of attack of the sails, which causes the blade to move and the appearance of a rotational force on the rotor shaft. As a result, the rotor rotates about its longitudinal axis.

The elements of the radial sails are pivotally connected to each other on their inner end sections of the axis of rotation using levers with a control rod. The control rods for each blade have rollers at the ends sandwiched between the control disks. The disks are driven synchronously in automatic mode by a command from the direction and force sensor, providing the sails with an optimal angle of attack. The roof of the diamond-shaped profile serves to protect the structure from atmospheric precipitation and serves as a means of directing, accelerating and sealing the air flow into the working air opening in order to act on the wind blades. As a result, the wind blades are displaced by aerodynamic drag. When the direction of the wind along the axis of rotation of the rotor, the air masses penetrate through the end openings of the installation building, and the wind power turbine works like a screw.

In one particular embodiment, said wind turbine may be coupled by means of half couplings of modules during assembly in the form of series-connected turbines arranged one after another.

In another specific embodiment, the sails can be made of plastic reinforced with stiffeners.

In another specific embodiment, two or more of the aforementioned wind power turbines, with a difficult topography and the impossibility of placing the modules on the same line, are placed side by side with the connection of their rotor shafts by means of flexible coupling to form a single rotor shaft driven by the two or more wind power turbines.

In another specific embodiment, said sailing wind power installation can be used for direct generation of electricity.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to create a particularly durable stationary wind turbine capable of maintaining operability in any wind, exceeding all known analogues in terms of power by using large-area sails, with the possibility of direct electric power generation.

This problem is solved due to the fact that the claimed invention - a horizontal sailing wind turbine - is a ground structure with a rotor placed inside, which is assembled from end and intermediate sections and can reach a considerable length with the possibility of placing a large area of sails on the rotor shaft and, accordingly, capture significant air masses, while the lower, inactive part of the sails is hidden from the incoming air flow by walls having a 30 ° bed of soil along the walls to reduce the level of undesirable eddy currents and the diamond-shaped profile of the roof, reducing the effects of precipitation and, together with soil dumping conducive seal air flow.

The middle part of the rotor, having annular rims on each intermediate section, is supported by them on supporting roller bearings.

The rotor has at least 4 blades, each of which consists of a series of sails on trapezoidal elastic plastic frames with the ability to rotate relative to its own longitudinal axis in the hinges of the outer and inner tubular beams of the rigid rotor frame, with each axis of the sail frame in the inner beam ending with a lever. All levers of each blade are pivotally connected to the control rod, which has rollers at the ends that abut against the control disks.

The control discs are pivotally held by the jacks and move synchronously and, acting through the rollers on the control rod, when the wind direction changes, the angle of attack of the sails in the active phase is changed to optimal in moderate winds and reduce windage to zero in hurricane winds. Zero windage is also established in the passive phase of sail movement.

When the direction of the wind is parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor, the sailing horizontal wind power turbine goes into operation as a screw. At the same time, the performance of the sails will slightly decrease, but that is why, to ensure constant power in all directions of the wind, it is envisaged to use a couple of installations at the same time with their location on the ground at an angle of 90 ° relative to each other and at a distance that excludes the creation of a wind shadow.

TECHNICAL RESULT

The technical result achieved is the optimal use of large masses of air by one installation, increasing the convenience and safety of installation, manufacturability and ease of assembly from sections of plants of various capacities, high mechanical strength of all structural elements, low noise during operation, convenience and accessibility for repair and maintenance, ensuring safe and efficient operation in case of hurricane wind force without the need for braking, the possibility of use for a gearless gene radios of electricity with low cost, as well as high reliability and long life of the installation.

The essence of the invention of a sailing horizontal wind power turbine is illustrated by drawings, which do not cover and, moreover, do not limit the entire scope of the claims of this technical solution, but are only illustrative materials of a particular case:

In FIG. 1 is a side view of a sailing horizontal wind turbine.

In FIG. 2 - front view.

In FIG. 3 is a top view.

In FIG. 4 - sail control mechanism.

In FIG. 5 is a cross section AA in FIG. 2.

In FIG. 6 - sail.

In FIG. 7 - the location of a pair of sailing horizontal wind power turbines in the area.

Works sailing horizontal wind turbine as follows.

The turbine rotor is located in a stationary structure, consisting of two parallel walls 4 of considerable length and having along the walls on the outer sides a bed of soil mound 8 at an angle of 30 ° to the horizon, which reduces the formation of vortex flows.

The roof 5 in the form of a canopy of a rhomboid cross-section covers the structure from atmospheric precipitation and, together with the embankment 8, helps to partially seal and accelerate the incoming air flow.

In the space under the roof 5 between the walls 4 there is a rotor shaft 1, on which two sidewalls 2 are rigidly fixed, which are four-, five- or six-pointed stars, the ends of the beams of which are connected by external tubular beams 9, and inside the sidewalls are connected by an internal beam 10 in the form of a pipe of large diameter, coaxial with the rotor shaft 1 and forming a rigid frame, which, depending on the length of the rotor shaft, can additionally have one (or more) annular rim 7, centered and regulated by lanyards 16 and serving to support and roller bearings 11 of the entire rotor structure, having 4, 5 or 6 blades, consisting of a series of sails 3, mounted on elastic plastic frames 19, capable of freely rotating along its axis in the hinges of the outer beams 9 and in the hinges of the inner beam 10, passing through which , the axis of the sails ends with levers 18, pivotally connected control rods 17, which have rollers 15 at the ends, supported on both sides by control disks 14, pivotally connected to control jacks 13, which operate synchronously by a signal from the sensor yards and directions of the wind 20, changing the angle of attack and sail sail from maximum to zero, providing constant and uniform rotor speed.

When the direction of the wind is parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor, the wind turbine goes into operation as a screw. At the same time, the performance of the sails will slightly decrease, but that is why, to ensure constant power in all directions of the wind, it is envisaged to use a couple of installations at the same time with their location on the ground at an angle of 90 ° relative to each other and at a distance that excludes the creation of a wind shadow.

Sailing horizontal wind power turbine provides for the possibility of generating electricity in a gearless manner. In this case, a slow diameter large diameter generator can be used.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

After a comparative analysis with one of the most powerful wind turbines Enercon E-126, it can be determined that the total area of its three blades is about 100 square meters.

Considering that at a speed of 20 m / s the wind presses on the surface with a force of 50 kg / m.sq., we find that the pressure on the blades reaches a value of 5 tons.

With the dimensions of the blades of a sailing horizontal wind power turbine 10 × 100 = 1000 sq.m. the force of wind pressure reaches a value of 50 tons.

At the same time, the torque at Enercon E-126 will be about 1500 KNm, and at the sailing rotor - 2500 KNm.

It is known that KIEV screw wind turbines reaches 30%, and rotary - 20%. But even a ten percent advantage of screw wind turbines does not make them more promising, since a further increase in their height is associated with great difficulties and is at the limit of technical capabilities, and an increase in the size of a horizontal sailing wind turbine does not cause problems.

Claims (3)

1. Sailing horizontal wind power turbine, consisting of two parallel walls that hide the lower half of the rotor from the wind and have soil along the walls at an angle of 30 ° to the horizontal, a roof in the form of a canopy of a rhomboid section that covers the walls so that between the walls and a rotor freely located on the roof, consisting of a shaft on which two side walls are rigidly fixed, consisting of sprockets having 4 or more rays, the ends of the rays are connected by outer tubular beams, and are connected inside the rotor side I have an inner beam in the form of a pipe, coaxial with the rotor shaft and forming a rigid rotor cage, which depending on the length of the rotor shaft additionally has an annular rim, centered and adjustable by turnbuckles and serving to support the roller bearings of the entire rotor structure having radial blades consisting of sails mounted on elastic plastic frames that can rotate freely along its axis in the hinges of the outer beams and in the hinges of the inner beam, passing through which, the axis of the sails end with levers, which They are articulated by control rods, having rollers at the ends, supported by control disks on both sides, articulated with control jacks that operate synchronously by a signal from the force and wind direction sensor, changing the angle of attack and sail sailing from maximum to zero, ensuring constant and uniform rotor speed. 2. Sailing horizontal wind power turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor is assembled from separate end and intermediate sections. 3. Sailing horizontal wind power turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner beam has mounting windows.

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