RU2631088C1 - Method and device for determining content of nutrient substances in oil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: in the method, the content and concentration of main nutrients in the soil (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) is determined proportionally to the colour shades of the spectrum fixed by the colour video camera when the samples of soil sampled during the tractor's movement with the device over the field are burned, followed by the signal processing of the video camera on the on-board computer. The device comprises movable and fixed frames mounted on the front of tractor, connected by an axle. Soil cutter, reflecting seal screens, and the axis, on which the soil sampling device with the working and guide cylinders is attached, are rigidly anchored to the movable frame. The movement of movable frame relative to the fixed frame is carried out by a hydraulic cylinder. In the upper part of the working chamber, where the soil sampling device is located, a gas burner is installed between the working and guide cylinders, opposite to which in the side wall of the drum of soil sampling device there is an opening protected by heat-resistant glass behind which a colour video camera covered with a protective casing is fixed.

EFFECT: automation of process of determining nutrients content in the soil.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to automated optoelectronic process control systems, in particular to processes for determining the nutrient content in the soil, and can be used in agriculture.

A known method [1] of aeronautical chemical treatment of plants, which consists in the fact that before spraying the chemicals measure the brightness of the vegetation to be treated, and the flow of chemicals during spraying is regulated in proportion to the spectral brightness of the vegetation to be processed.

The disadvantage of this method is that in the absence of vegetation, this method is not possible to apply. In addition, the sensor of spectral brightness of the vegetation cover does not respond to the color shades of the spectrum, limiting the functionality of the method, reducing it to spraying chemicals only when fertilizing cultivated crops.

Closest to the technical nature of the present invention is a method [2] of fertilizing by distributing them with fertilizer sprayers controlled by sensors for controlling the fertilizer consumption, which is used as a color video camera with an angle of view, divided into viewing sectors, each of which covers the width of one spray gun. Fertilizer doses before application are adjusted on each sprayer in proportion to the color shades of the spectrum reflected by the surface of the soil in the viewing sectors.

The disadvantage of this method is the seasonality of use in determining the types and doses of fertilizers, because in the absence of vegetation, this method cannot be applied. In addition, when the illumination changes during the time of day, an error occurs when determining the color shades of the spectrum, which leads to an error in determining the types and doses of chemicals used.

The objective of the present invention is to automate the process of determining the nutrient content in the soil.

To solve the problem in the proposed method, the determination of the main elements affecting soil fertility is carried out by the flame spectrum during the combustion of soil samples in a gas burner, and the concentration of nutrients is determined using a computer program by the intensity of the color shades of the spectrum recorded in the flame of combustible soil samples. The video signal is transmitted from the video camera to the on-board computer, where, using software, the spectrum frequencies that determine the presence of the main nutrients in the soil are separated: potassium - violet, magnesium - bright white spectrum, phosphorus - shades of green, and when analyzing the video signal, the desired color shades of the spectrum are set . When a video signal corresponding to the spectrum range established by the program appears in the scanning strip, a quantitative assessment of the color shades of the spectrum is carried out, after which data on the concentration of elements with coordinate coordinates by a GPS device are recorded in the database and the program compiles a field fertility map, which can then be used to calculate doses of fertilizers during their subsequent application.

The device (Fig. 2a) for implementing the proposed method comprises a movable frame 5 and a fixed frame 6 mounted on the front of the tractor connected by an axis 7. The axis 8, the soil cutter 10, and the right 24 and left 25 and 25 reflective seal screens are rigidly fixed. A device for collecting soil 9 is mounted on the axis 8. The movement of the movable frame 5 relative to the fixed frame 6 is carried out by the hydraulic cylinder 11.

The mechanism for soil collection consists of two main parts, mobile (A) and motionless (B). The movable part (Fig. 2a AA) includes a cutting disc 9, which is rigidly fixed to the shaft 8 of the hydraulic motor 22. A drum with holes 13 and cutting blades 14 is rigidly attached to the cutting disc 9. The stationary part (Fig. 2a BB) includes a metal a drum 12 located coaxially with the cutting disc 9, inside of which a working cylinder 15 is fixed with holes located in its upper and lower parts and a guide cylinder 18. In the upper part of the working chamber, a burner 16 is installed between the working cylinder 15 and the guide cylinder 18, opposite which sides on the wall of the drum 12 there is an opening protected by heat-resistant glass, to which a color video camera 17 is closed, which is closed on the outside by a protective cover. frame 5, the soil cutter 10 consists of a cutting wedge 20 and wedge wings 21. The width of the working area of the soil cutter must be no less than the width of the device for picking up soil in the open state.

The proposed method is as follows.

The presence and concentration of the main nutrient elements of the production soil layer is determined in proportion to the color shades of the spectrum obtained by burning soil samples from the plots. Doses and types of fertilizers before subsequent application are determined in accordance with the compiled on the basis of the results of the analysis of soil samples with the coordinate reference of the fertility map.

The proposed device is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a scanning body transported by a tractor and a fertilizer.

In FIG. 2 (a, b, c) shows a diagram of the executive mechanism of soil sampling, including:

2a - design of a scanning device;

2b - transport position of the scanning device on the tractor;

2c - operating position of the scanning device on the tractor.

The proposed device for determining the nutrient content in the soil works as follows.

A tractor 1 (Fig. 1) with a device for collecting and analyzing soil 2, a GPS device 3 and a fertilizer 4 mounted on it moves across the field with varying degrees of soil erosion and depletion. When the unit moves along the field, the hydraulic cylinder 11 holds the installed equipment on the movable frame 5 in the transport position, and the hydraulic cylinder 23 - in the separate position, the movable A and the stationary B parts of the mechanism for soil collection. The sampling of a portion of the soil for the purpose of spectral analysis is carried out as follows: by means of a hydraulic cylinder 11, the movable frame 5 is lowered and deepens the soil cutter 10 through the axis 6 to a depth of the production layer of the soil (at least 15 cm), while the mechanism for collecting soil is deepened to the indicated depth. Shielding screens 24 and 25 carry out compaction of the soil loosened by soil cutter. The right screen-seal 24 also serves to protect against deformation exerted under soil pressure when moving to a fixed part of the soil intake mechanism. By means of a hydraulic motor 22, the rotation of the cutting disc 9 is set in a clockwise direction and the soil occupies the inter-blade space with the help of cutting blades. At the same time, the hydraulic cylinder 23 is pressed against the rotating part of the intake mechanism, thereby forming a closed zone and provoking the pouring of portions of soil. In the process of movement of the unit by the hydraulic cylinder 11, the movable frame 5 leaves the soil and occupies its original position. At the time of alignment of the holes on the drum 13 with the holes in the working cylinder 15, the burner 16 lights up, located in the zone of pouring a portion of the soil. In the process of pouring a portion of the soil, it is burned in the burner flame. When the soil is burned, color spectra are formed that characterize the presence of nutrients in the soil (primarily nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), which are transmitted via a color video camera 17 to the tractor's on-board computer, with which the data are processed.

The coordinates of the device on the field are linked using the Global Positionning Sistem satellite communications system ("To the future with the Global Positioning Sistem (GPS) system. Massey Fergusson" company prospectus) to the created field fertility map.

For each current coordinate of the device’s location on the field, with subsequent fertilizer application, information on a high or low concentration of nutrients in the soil of the fertilized field is provided from a pre-compiled data bank. These data are sent to a computer and used to control the doses of fertilizers applied, the value of which either increases depending on erosion or decreases when the soil surface is clogged, estimated by the color shades of the spectrum (Korenkov D.A. Mineral fertilizers with intensive technologies. Rosagropromizdat, M., 1990, pp. 133-137). The color cast of the spectrum obtained by burning the loaded soil samples enters the receiver, the sensor of which is a color video camera 17 (Fig. 2a). The video signal is transmitted from the video camera to the on-board computer, where the spectrum frequencies that determine the presence of the main nutrients in the soil are separated using software: potassium - violet, magnesium - bright white spectrum, phosphorus - shades of green, and the necessary color shades of the spectrum are set when analyzing the video signal . When a video signal corresponding to the spectrum range established by the program appears in the scanning strip, a quantitative assessment of the color tones of the spectrum is carried out, after which the data with the coordinates of the GPS device are recorded in the database and the program compiles a field fertility map, which can then be used to calculate fertilizer doses for their subsequent introduction.

The proposed method and device for determining the content of nutrients in the soil does not adversely affect the environment, because Fertilizers on the obtained fertility map are applied in doses that are completely spent on restoring lost fertility and, ultimately, obtaining the maximum increase in the yield of cultivated crops. The applied method and device can save up to 30% of fertilizer.

Information sources

1. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 1017218, A 01 7/00 dated 05/15/83

2. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2171574, A 01 7/00 of 08/10/01

Claims (2)

1. The method of determining the nutrient content in the soil, characterized in that the content and concentration of the main nutrient elements in the soil (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) are determined in proportion to the color shades of the spectrum recorded by a color video camera when burning soil samples taken during tractor movement in the flame with the device in the field, with subsequent processing of the video signal on the on-board computer. 2. A device for determining the nutrient content in the soil, containing a movable frame mounted in front of the tractor and a fixed frame connected by an axis, a soil cutter is rigidly fixed on the movable frame, reflecting sealing screens and an axis on which the device for collecting soil with the working and guide cylinders, the movement of the movable frame relative to the fixed frame is carried out by a hydraulic cylinder, in the upper part of the working chamber, where the device for soil intake is located, between the working and guide qi Indra establish a gas burner, in which the opposite side wall of the drum device for taking soil an opening protected by a heat resistant glass, which was secured outside the closed protective casing color video camera.

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