RU2622815C1 - Device for self-spumescent gas filled foam production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety.

SUBSTANCE: most successfully the invention can be applied for extinguishing the fires in the large tank farms for storing fuel, in different rooms, the holds of tankers and large spills of combustible and flammable liquids. The device is the tank, filled with the foaming agent solution, the solid fuel gas generator, installed inside the tank above the level of the foaming agent and it is based on the use of solid fuel aerosol generating compounds as the aerosol combustion inhibitor source, having the maximum specific fire-extinguishing ability among the known extinguishing agents.

EFFECT: creation of self-supporting fire-extinguishing device by complex effect on the foam heat source and the inhibiting aerosol.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of foam fire extinguishing, namely to extinguish fires of combustible and flammable liquids, covering large combustion areas, large storage tanks for oil products and their spills over a large area.

It is known that the most common means of extinguishing fires of flammable and flammable liquids is air-mechanical foam, obtained by feeding a foaming solution under pressure into a foam generator. When extinguishing reservoirs with burning gasoline, it is necessary to supply 114 liters of a 6% foaming solution per 1 m ^{2 of the} burning surface of flammable liquids (NP Kopylov, “Modern fire trucks: creation problems, innovative solutions, development concepts. Rescue equipment. Fire protection” . Catalog. M., 2005, p. 66-68).

Extinguishing methods are widely known, including the supply of fire extinguishing substances into the combustion zone - liquid, gaseous, in the form of powders (USSR author's certificates No. 1210855; 1155273; 155148; 1516123; 1326284 and others).

In various countries, work has been done on the production and use of water-gas foam compositions (German Patent No. 1559679, class A62C 99/00, publ. 04/16/1970; UK patent No. 1219363, class A62C 3/02, publ. 13.01. 1971 and others).

The gas phase of these compounds are freons, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, exhaust gases from automobile and aircraft engines. These water-gas compositions are supplied to the foam generators with the formation of foam of medium and high multiplicity.

The closest analogue adopted for the prototype is a device for generating foam (US Patent No. 3402771, publ. 24.09.1968), in which the supply of water-gas compositions is carried out on foam generators using compressed gases.

A significant disadvantage of this device is the need to use a large number of cylinders, which complicates the design of the installation and increases its weight.

Recently, aerosol fire extinguishing methods and devices have been developed and are being used in practice by introducing into a protected confined space an aerosol combustion inhibitor obtained by thermal decomposition (combustion) of aerosol forming compositions (AOS) containing alkali metal compounds.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to simplify the process of producing gas-filled foam.

The essence of the claimed technical solution lies in the fact that in the device for producing a self-foaming gas-filled foam, which includes a sealed container, a gas-generating device with a solid fuel charge, a system of pipelines and supply pipes, a gas-generating device is equipped with an aerosol-forming charge, is installed in the upper part of the tank and is equipped with a gas-water a pipe with an external heat-shielding coating; a conical aerosol product divider is installed in the lower part of the gas pipe charge burning with radial openings, ensuring their outflow into the lower part of the tank and bubbling of the foaming agent solution with the saturation of the solution with a fire extinguishing aerosol, and the generator of the gas generating device is made in the form of a set of aerosol generators consisting of two or more generators having separate combustion chambers with gas pipes and included simultaneously, sequentially or in groups in accordance with the required intensity of the supply of the foaming agent solution to the combustion zone.

The technical effect of the claimed device is as follows.

The proposed design of the device allows to saturate the solution of the foaming agent, which is in the tank, with the combustion products of the charge of the aerosol forming composition containing potassium salts, which is then fed under pressure to the fire, where the main self-foaming process takes place.

The use of the claimed technical solution allows to increase the efficiency of extinguishing tanks and large spills of oil products due to the combined action of foam and aerosol extinguishing.

Thus, the distinguishing features of the proposed technical solution are new and meet the criterion of "novelty."

When determining the conformity of the distinguishing features of the invention with the criterion of "inventive step", the prior art and, in particular, known methods and devices related to the field of foam fire fighting were analyzed.

A known fire extinguishing system, including an initiating device, a pressure source, a water tank, pipelines, sprayers. Water spraying occurs under the pressure of gaseous products when the initiating device is triggered (RF application No. 94032661, A62C 3/10, publ. 06/20/1996).

A known method and fire extinguishing system based on the use of aerosol gas generators, while the aerosol is pre-cooled with water, nitrogen or carbon dioxide (Europatent No. 0561035, A62D 1/100).

All of these systems use only one agent as a fire extinguishing agent - either aerosol or water.

A fire extinguishing device and a system based on it are known (RF application No. 94002970 A62C 35/00, publ. 06/20/1996). The system includes means for detecting tanning, extinguishing devices, and means for activating said devices. When used in the design of an aerosol-liquid generator with an additional ejector device, the entire fire extinguishing system becomes cumbersome and difficult to operate.

Installation that implements the inventive device is presented in the figure is a General view, in section.

The installation consists of a tank 1, in the upper part of which a gas generator 2 with a charge of 3 and a gas pipe 4 with an external heat-insulating coating is mounted, a conical divider 5 with radial holes 6 is mounted in the lower part of the gas pipe, the tank is filled with a foaming agent solution 7.

The pipeline 8 feeds the foam to the supply pipes 9, made in the form of jet tubular flat sprayers. The gas generator is triggered by means of initiation 10 when the electric signal is supplied manually. All installation elements are mounted on a stand 11.

Installation works as follows.

If a fire occurs, the signal 3 of the gas generator 2 is ignited either by a signal from the ignition sensor or manually from the means of initiation 2. The products of combustion of the charge 3 pass through the gas pipe 4 to its lower part, where they are rotated through 90 ° and expire through the radial holes 6 into a container with a foaming agent 7. Gas bubbles containing combustion products of an aerosol-forming composition sparge and saturate the foam-forming solution. To exclude excessive heating of the solution adjacent to the gas pipe, its evaporation and the formation of a vapor-gas layer, leading to the release of pressure acting on the displaced liquid, the outer surface of the gas pipe is provided with a heat insulating coating.

When bubbling the combustion products through a solution of foaming agent 7, the specified solution is saturated with gases containing condensed particles of potassium salts. The size of aerosol particles is a few microns.

Through the pipeline 8, the gas-saturated foaming agent solution is supplied through the supply pipes 9 to the burning surface.

During the extinguishing of petroleum products, a partial destruction of the foam from the action of high temperature on the surface of the burning liquid occurs, while the particles of potassium salts located above the liquid form a protective aerosol layer - a blanket, inhibit the flame combustion process and stop it. This dramatically increases the efficiency of fire extinguishing and, thus, a foam and aerosol fire extinguishing method is implemented simultaneously.

So, for example, when extinguishing burning gasoline in full-scale tests on the RVS-5000 tank on an area of 350 m ^{2, the} complete cessation of burning by a fire extinguishing installation was ensured in a period of 24 to 35 seconds, and RVS-20000 on an area of 1256 m ² in 42-45 sec.

The inventive device for self-foaming gas-filled foam provides effective fire extinguishing of large oil tanks.

Claims (1)

A device for producing a self-foaming gas-filled foam, including a sealed container, a gas-generating device with a solid fuel charge, a system of pipelines and supply pipes, characterized in that the gas-generating device is provided with an aerosol-forming charge, is installed in the upper part of the container and is equipped with a gas pipe with an external heat-resistant coating, in the lower part of the gas pipe is installed a conical dissector of aerosol products of charge combustion with radial holes, about ensuring their outflow into the lower part of the tank and bubbling of the foaming agent solution with the saturation of the solution with a fire extinguishing aerosol, and the generator of the gas generating device is made in the form of a set of aerosol generators consisting of two or more generators having separate combustion chambers with gas pipes and switched on simultaneously, sequentially or in groups in accordance with the required intensity of the supply of the foaming solution to the combustion zone.

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