RU2622512C1 - Antenna for portable radio station - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: device contains the housing, the radiating element and the reflector, mounted on the housing. The radiating element is the standard antenna of the portable radio station - the asymmetric vibrator, located vertically. The reflector is made foldable from the conductive strip with the width slightly larger than the diameter of the asymmetrical vibrator sheet and divided into the pipe bends by means of fixing hinges. In the folded position, the reflector corresponds to the flat form of the upper and the rear sides of the housing, and in the unfolded position its upper part is located outside the housing parallel at the distance from the asymmetrical vibrator from its rear side.

EFFECT: device allows to improve the directional and amplification factor, and expand the functionality.

4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to radio engineering, in particular to antennas with vertical polarization and a sectoral radiation pattern in the horizontal plane, and can be used in antennas for portable radios.

The well-known directional antenna of the type “Wave channel” (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_channel).

The antenna consists of an active and a number of passive vibrators located on the traverse — reflectors located relative to the direction of radiation behind the active vibrator, as well as directors located in front of the active vibrator. Most often, one reflector is used; the number of directors varies from zero to tens. The active vibrator has a length of about half a wave, or 0.5λ, where λ is the wavelength, the reflector is a little longer than 0.5λ, the directors have a length less than 0.5λ. The distances from the active vibrator to the reflector and to the first director are about 0.25λ.

The radiation of the antenna can be considered as the sum of the emissions of all its component vibrators. The current induced by the radiation of the active vibrator in the reflector induces voltage in it. For a reflector, the resistance of which is inductive due to a length greater than 0.5λ, the voltage lags in phase with the voltage in the active vibrator by 270 °. As a result, the radiation of the active vibrator and the reflector in the direction of the reflector is in antiphase, and in the direction of the active vibrator in phase, which leads to an increase in radiation in the direction of the active vibrator by about half. Directors work similarly to a reflector, however, due to the capacitive nature of their resistance (which is determined by their shorter length), the radiation is amplified in the direction of the directors. Each additional reflector or director gives an increase in gain, but less than the previous reflector and director, and for the reflector the effect of attenuation of the action of additional elements is much stronger, and therefore more than one reflector is rarely used.

The disadvantage of the Wave Channel antenna type for its use in a portable radio station is its large overall dimensions and the need to replace a standard antenna.

The closest to the claimed invention is a directional antenna according to the application for US patent US 20040032370 (published on February 19, 2004), comprising a portable radio station housing (mobile phone housing), a radiating element and a reflector mounted on the housing, the reflector being electrically connected to the housing, and the radiating element is located vertically at the top of the housing.

In a known technical solution, the radiating element is made flat. The reflector is made in the form of a rod located in a parallel plane relative to the center of the vertical axis of the radiating element, without going beyond the dimensions of the housing, and is connected to it by one end. The device may also contain a director, which is also made in the form of a rod located parallel to the vertical axis of the radiating element, without going beyond the dimensions of the housing, and not electrically connected to it. The performance of the functions of a reflector or director is determined by the electrical lengths of the rod elements. The device serves to reduce the influence of the human body on the quality of the radio transmission of a cellular portable radio station.

A limitation of the closest analogue is the insufficiently high coefficient of directional action (KND) and gain (Ku) for a directional antenna and the inability to work in the omnidirectional antenna mode.

The problem solved by the invention is to improve the technical and operational characteristics of a directional antenna, as well as expanding the functionality.

The technical result achieved by using the invention is to increase Ku and KND in the azimuthal radiation sector of a standard antenna of a portable radio station, which leads to a multiple increase in the radio range in a given direction and the difficulty of detecting radiation from the opposite direction. Thus, the stealth and noise immunity of the radio channel is increased. The possibilities of using a portable radio station to control unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), robots, etc. are also expanding.

The expansion of functionality is achieved by providing the ability to operate a portable radio station in both directional and regular omnidirectional mode.

To solve the problem with achieving a technical result in the claimed antenna, comprising a portable radio station housing, a radiating element and a reflector mounted on the housing, the reflector is electrically connected to the housing, and the radiating element is located vertically at the top of the housing, and the standard antenna of the portable radio station is asymmetric vibrator. The reflector is made folding of a conductive strip with a width slightly larger than the diameter of the asymmetric vibrator web and divided into knees by means of fixing hinges. In the folded position, the reflector corresponds to the flat shape of the upper and rear sides of the housing, and in the unfolded position, its upper part is located outside the housing in parallel at a distance from the asymmetric vibrator from its rear side.

The term radiating element in the present invention is understood to mean an antenna element capable of functioning both for receiving radio frequency signals and for transmitting them according to the principle of reciprocity.

Additional embodiments of the device are possible, in which it is advisable that:

- the length of the upper part of the reflector in the unfolded position was chosen coinciding with the height of the canvas asymmetric vibrator;

- a director was introduced, located opposite to the reflector behind the blade of the asymmetric vibrator, which is made pin and folding, divided into knees by fixing hinges, and in the folded position, the director corresponds to the flat shape of the upper and front sides of the body, and in the unfolded position its upper part is located parallel to the distance from the asymmetric vibrator;

- in the unfolded position, at least one lower knee of the director was made flat, dielectric, electrically isolated from the body.

These advantages, as well as the features of the present invention are explained using options for its implementation with reference to the accompanying figures.

FIG. 1 schematically depicts the claimed device in a folded position (view from the back of the case);

FIG. 2 is the same as FIG. 1 (side view);

FIG. 3 is the same as FIG. 2, in the unfolded position;

FIG. 4 is the same as FIG. 3, with a reflector and director;

FIG. 5 is a radiation pattern of the device according to FIG. 4 in the horizontal plane in the frequency range;

FIG. 6 is the same as FIG. 5, in a vertical plane.

The antenna (Fig. 1-3) comprises a portable radio station housing 1, a radiating element 2 and a reflector 3 mounted on the housing 1. The reflector 3 is electrically connected to the housing 1. The radiating element 2 is located vertically at the top of the housing 1. The standard antenna of the portable is the radiating element 2 radio stations - asymmetric vibrator. The reflector 3 is made folding of a conductive strip with a width slightly larger than the diameter of the asymmetric vibrator web and divided into knees 4 connected by fixing hinges 5. In the folded position (Fig. 1, 2), the reflector 3 corresponds to the flat shape of the upper and rear sides of the housing 1. B the unfolded position (Fig. 3) the upper part of the reflector 3 is located outside the housing 1 in parallel at a distance from the radiating element 2 from its rear side.

To further improve KND and Ku, the length of the upper part of the reflector 3 in the unfolded position can be chosen to coincide with the height of the asymmetric vibrator web, as shown in FIG. 3.

In addition, director 6 (Fig. 4) can be introduced, located behind the asymmetric vibrator web relative to the reflector 3. Director 6 is made pin and folding, divided into knees 4, 4a, connected by fixing hinges 5. When folded, director 6 corresponds to a flat the shape of the upper and front side of the housing (not shown in FIG. 4, made similarly to FIGS. 1, 2). In the unfolded position, its upper part is located parallel to the distance from the asymmetric vibrator.

In the unfolded position, at least one lower knee 4a of the director 6 can be made flat, dielectric, electrically isolated from the housing 1 (Fig. 4). Fulfillment of this condition is not necessary, since the properties of changing the shape of the radiation pattern and increasing the gain of the director are determined by its electric length and distance from the active radiating element 2.

The antenna works (Fig. 1-4) as follows.

The proposed design in the basic version (Fig. 1-3) is a folding (for ease of use) reflector 3, which is mounted on the housing 1 of a portable radio station. The reflector 3 is made in the form of a strip of metal located at a certain distance from the antenna sheet, providing a given broadband device (Fig. 5, 6). In the lower part, the reflector 3 horizontally departs from the upper end of the housing 1 of the radio station and bends upward at a right angle. The width of the strip is chosen slightly more than the diameter of the asymmetric vibrator web, and the height coincides with the height of the antenna (in the case of using the ASh-136/520-P antenna - 350 mm). The ratio of the size of the strip and the distance from the canvas of the asymmetric vibrator are selected from the optimality condition for the reflector to operate in the widest possible frequency range.

It is possible to add a director 6 (a small-sized pin director, which can also be folding) to the basic version, located behind the blade of the asymmetric vibrator relative to the reflector 3 opposite it, i.e. on the opposite side of the reflector 3 (Fig. 4). This achieves an even greater directivity coefficient, respectively, a greater gain and range of radio communications (in a narrower sector).

Thus, the device differs from the analogue in that the reflector 3 and director 6 (optional) are used in conjunction with the standard antenna of a portable radio station - an unbalanced vibrator and housing 1 of a portable radio station, forming an antenna system with high directivity.

Compared with the closest analogue, the claimed device provides a significant improvement in KND and Ku, for this it is enough to compare the characteristics presented in figures 5, 6 to the description of the application, and figures 4 and 5 US 20040032370.

Computer simulation of the design shows that the Ku antenna in the basic version in the direction of maximum radiation increases by 3 dB (2 times in power), and the option with the addition of Director 6 allows you to get an additional gain of up to 6 dB (4 times in power). In absolute terms, the antenna with the proposed device has a design gain of up to 8.5 dBi at a frequency of 475 MHz.

As an asymmetric vibrator of a portable radio station, a standard antenna of any existing transceiver model is used. For example, an electrically conductive rod, or a tube, or a flexible cable can be used as an asymmetric vibrator.

In addition, the device can operate in normal mode with the reflector 3 and director 6 folded, which expands its functionality.

The most successfully declared antenna for a portable radio station is industrially applicable for communication between stationary objects or mobile objects, mainly mobile radio stations, for example, for controlling unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), robots and other transceiver devices.

Claims (4)

1. An antenna comprising a portable radio station housing, a radiating element and a reflector mounted on the housing, the reflector being electrically connected to the housing, and the radiating element located vertically at the top of the housing, characterized in that the standard antenna of the portable radio station is an radiating element - an asymmetric vibrator, reflector made folding of a conductive strip with a width slightly larger than the diameter of the asymmetric vibrator web and divided into knees connected by fixing hinges, comb in the retracted position corresponds to the reflector plane shape of the upper and rear sides of the body, and in the unfolded position of its upper portion is located outside the housing in parallel at a distance from the monopole to the rear side thereof. 2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the upper part of the reflector in the unfolded position is selected to coincide with the height of the web of the asymmetric vibrator. 3. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a director located behind the asymmetric vibrator sheet relative to the reflector and made pin and folding, divided into knees, connected by fixing hinges, and when folded, the director corresponds to the flat shape of the upper and front sides of the housing , and in the unfolded position, its upper part is parallel to the distance from the asymmetric vibrator. 4. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that in the unfolded position, at least one lower knee of the director is made flat, dielectric, electrically isolated from the housing.

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