RU2621318C1 - Milking machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for milking cows. The adaptive milking machine comprises dual-chamber teat cups (1), a collector (2), a float sensor (3) of the milk flow and a pulsator (4). The pulsator comprises a housing (5) with a lid (6) on which the electric motor (7) is mounted, having the splined shaft (9), a spool (10) and a pneumatic cylinder (11). The spool comprises a chamber (13) of constant vacuum pressure and a chamber (14) of constant atmospheric pressure. The housing of the pulsator comprises pipes (16), (17) installed diametrically opposite. The spool chambers are separated by two walls (15) located symmetrically along a helical line, with a thickness of not less than the diameter of the pipe openings. The interwall chambers (18) of the teat cups are connected through the distribution chambers (19) of the collector to the zone of location of the spool chambers. The interwall chambers of the teat cups are made with the ability of alternate connection to the pipes in the spool rotation.

EFFECT: increased degree of milking the cows.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for the mechanization of animal husbandry, and can be used for milking cows.

The following similar devices are known: milking machine [RU 2173044 C1, 7A01J 5/04, 5/08. September 10, 2001], consisting of two-chamber milking cups, a collector containing four membranes controlled by a bimetallic milk flow sensor, and connecting hoses; milking machine [RU 2098949 C1, 6A01J 5/04. 12/20/1997], consisting of two-chamber glasses, a collector containing four chambers with membrane-valve sensors for milk flow, and connecting hoses.

These devices do not provide complete and safe cow feeding.

Closest to the invention is a milking machine [SU 1507265 A2, 4A01J 5/04. September 15, 89], consisting of two-chamber milking cups with vacuum regulators, a collector containing four chambers with milk traps and floats, and connecting hoses.

However, this milking machine also does not provide an increase in the efficiency of machine milking.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of machine milking.

To achieve this, the pulsator spool contains a chamber of constant vacuum pressure and a chamber of constant atmospheric pressure, separated by two walls symmetrically arranged along a helical line with a thickness of at least the diameter of the nozzle holes diametrically opposite to those installed in the pulsator body, by which the interwall chambers of the milking cups are connected to zone of location of the chamber of constant vacuum pressure and the chamber of constant atmospheric pressure the valve springs and with which the inter-wall chambers are alternately connected when the spool rotates; the constant atmospheric pressure chamber of the spool through the hole is in communication with the atmosphere, and the constant vacuum chamber through the hole is connected to the supra-piston chamber of the pneumatic cylinder, the pipe communicates with the source of vacuum pressure, the piston of the pneumatic cylinder is spring-loaded, located in the sub-piston chamber, communicates through the calibrated channel with the source of vacuum pressure, and through the throttle regulated by a stepping electric motor - with the atmosphere; the suction cup of the milking cup through the collector’s milk collection chamber is connected to a float milk flow sensor made in the form of a milk trap with an overflow pipe and a drain pipe blocked by a needle attached to the float and connected to the milk collection device, to ensure a linear relationship between the movement of the float and the area an opening for draining milk from a milk trap by a needle nozzle is made with the surface described by the equation:

,

,

where: r is the radius of the drain hole, m; x, z - the current value of the radius of the needle along the X and Z axis, respectively, m; l is the length of the needle, m

To register the position of the float in the milk trap, a laser range finder is installed on the lid of the milk flow sensor; it is electrically connected through the microcontroller to the step-by-step throttle electric motor, the spool rotation electric motor, and the milk removal intensity recorder during cow milking.

The invention will be understood from the following description and the attached drawing.

In FIG. 1 shows a milking machine, a general view.

The milking machine consists of two-chamber milking cups 1, a collector 2, a float sensor 3 for milk flow and a pulsator 4. The pulsator 4 includes a housing 5 with a cover 6 on which an electric motor 7 with a spline shaft 9 attached via an elastic joint 8, a spool 10 and an air cylinder 11 are mounted The spool 10 is connected to the rod 12 of the pneumatic cylinder 11 and the spline shaft 9 with the possibility of longitudinal movement along the shaft 9 in the housing 5 of the pulsator 4 by the rod 12 of the pneumatic cylinder 11 and simultaneous rotation under the influence of an electric motor 7. Zolotn IR 10 contains a chamber 13 of constant vacuum pressure and a chamber 14 of constant atmospheric pressure, separated by two walls 15 symmetrically arranged along a helical line with a thickness of at least the diameter of the holes of the nozzles 16 and 17, diametrically opposed to the pulser 4 installed in the housing 5. These interstitial milking chambers 18 glasses 1 through the distribution chambers 19 of the collector 2 are connected to the zone of location of the chamber 13 constant vacuum pressure and the chamber 14 constant atmospheric pressure tnik 10 and with which the inter-wall chambers 18 are alternately connected when the spool 10 is rotated. The constant atmospheric pressure chamber 14 is in communication with the atmosphere through the hole 20, and the constant vacuum pressure chamber 13 is connected through the opening 21 to the over-piston chamber 22 of the pneumatic cylinder 11, the pipe 23 communicating with the vacuum gauge source pressure (not shown in the diagram). The piston 24 of the pneumatic cylinder 11 is spring-loaded with a spring 25 located in the sub-piston chamber 26, which communicates through a calibrated channel 27 with a source of vacuum pressure (not shown in the diagram), and through the throttle 29 regulated by a stepping motor 28 with the atmosphere.

The suction cup 30 of the milking cup 1 through the milk collection chamber 31 of the collector 2 by a pipe 32 is connected to a float sensor 3 of a milk flow made in the form of a milk trap 33 with an overflow pipe 34 and a drain pipe 35, blocked by a needle 36 attached to the float 37 and connected to the milk receiving device (not shown in the diagram). Moreover, to ensure a linear relationship between the movement of the float 37 and the area of the opening for draining milk from the milk trap 33 through the nozzle 35, the needle 36 is made with the surface described by the equation:

,

,

where: r is the radius of the drain hole, m; x, z - the current value of the radius of the needle along the X and Z axis, respectively, m; l is the length of the needle, m

To register the position of the float 37 in the milk trap 33, a laser range finder 39 is installed on the cover 38 of the milk flow sensor 3, through a microcontroller 40 electrically connected to the stepper motor 28 of the throttle 29, with the electric motor 7 of rotation of the spool 10 and the recorder 41 of milk removal intensity during milking of the cow.

The milking machine operates as follows. The drain pipe 35 of the milk flow sensor 3 is connected to the milk receiving device (not shown in the diagram). The pipe 23 of the pulsator 4 and the calibrated channel 27 are connected to a source of vacuum pressure (not shown in the diagram). The laser range finder 39, mounted on the lid 38 of the milk flow sensor 3, is electrically connected through the microcontroller 40 to the stepper motor 28 of the throttle 29, the rotation motor 7 of the spool 10 and the milk withdrawal intensity recorder 41 during milking of the cow. In this case, the vacuum gauge from the milk receiving device (not shown in the diagram) enters the suction cup 30 of the milking cup 1 through the milk receiving chamber 31 of the collector 2, the pipe 32 connected to the float sensor 3 of the milk flow, made in the form of a milk trap 33 with an overflow pipe 34 and a drain pipe 35, overlapped by a needle 36 attached to the float 37, and connected to a milk receiving device (not shown in the diagram). Moreover, to ensure a linear relationship between the movement of the float 37 and the area of the opening for draining milk from the milk trap 33 through the nozzle 35, the needle 36 is made with the surface described by the equation:

,

,

where: r is the radius of the drain hole, m; x, z - the current value of the radius of the needle along the X and Z axis, respectively, m; l is the length of the needle, m

In this case, the spool 10 rotates the electric motor 7 connected to the spool 10 by a splined shaft 9. When rotating, the spool 10 alternately combines a constant vacuum pressure chamber 13 and a constant atmospheric pressure chamber 14 with nozzles 16 and 17 connected to the interwall chambers 18 of the milking cups 1 through distribution chambers 19 collector 2, providing them with a variable vacuum, which regulates the excretion of milk. At the same time, atmospheric air enters into the chamber 14 of constant atmospheric pressure through the hole 20, and into the chamber 13 of constant vacuum pressure through the hole 21 from the over-piston chamber 22 of the pneumatic cylinder 11 through the pipe 23 — vacuum pressure. By controlling the rotational speed of the spool 10 by the electric motor 7, the pulsation frequency is changed depending on the milk flow values received by the microcontroller 40, electrically connected to the milk withdrawal intensity recorder 41 during milking of the cow and with a laser range finder 39 installed to register the position of the float 37 in the milk trap 33 on the sensor cover 38 milk flow 3.

By longitudinal movement of the spool 10 along the spline shaft 9 in the pulsator housing 5 by the rod 12 of the pneumatic cylinder 11, the piston 24 of which is spring-loaded with a spring 25 located in the sub-piston chamber 26, which communicates through a calibrated channel 27 with a vacuum pressure source (not shown in the diagram), and through an adjustable a stepper motor 28 throttle 29 - with the atmosphere, regulate the ratio of ticks.

Milking the animal is carried out in nominal mode.

In the stimulating mode, a higher pulsation frequency is established and the duration of the sucking stroke is reduced and vice versa. Depending on the intensity of the milk flow, the ratio of the ticks and the pulsation frequency are regulated automatically.

The use of this milking machine will increase the efficiency of machine milking, namely, to increase the degree of extrusion of cows by 3-5%.

Claims (9)

1. Adaptive milking machine, including two-chamber milking cups, a collector, a float milk flow sensor and a pulsator, made in the form of a housing with a lid, on which an electric motor with an attached splined shaft is mounted, a spool and a pneumatic cylinder, characterized in that the spool contains a constant vacuum pressure chamber and a chamber of constant atmospheric pressure, separated by two walls symmetrically located along a helical line with a thickness of at least the diameter of the nozzle openings, diametrically opposed oppositely installed in the case of the pulsator, by which the inter-wall chambers of the milking cups are connected through the distribution chambers of the collector to the zone of location of the chamber of constant vacuum pressure and the chamber of constant atmospheric pressure of the spool and with which the inter-wall chambers are alternately connected during rotation of the spool. 2. The milking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the constant atmospheric pressure chamber of the spool is connected through the hole to the atmosphere, and the constant vacuum chamber is connected through the hole to the piston chamber of the pneumatic cylinder, which communicates with the source of vacuum pressure, the piston of the pneumatic cylinder is spring-loaded, located in the piston chamber communicating through a calibrated channel with a source of vacuum pressure, and through an adjustable stepper motor it choke - with the atmosphere. 3. The milking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the suction cup of the milking cup through the milk collection chamber of the manifold is connected to a float sensor for milk flow, made in the form of a milk trap with an overflow nozzle and a drain pipe, blocked by a needle attached to the float and connected to with a milk receiving device, moreover, to ensure a linear relationship between the movement of the float and the area of the opening for draining milk from the milk trap through the nozzle, the needle is made with a surface area the axis described by the equation:

, Where: r is the radius of the drain hole, m; x, z - the current value of the radius of the needle along the X and Z axis, respectively, m; l is the length of the needle, m 4. The milking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that for registering the position of the float in the milk trap, a laser range finder is installed on the lid of the milk flow sensor, which is electrically connected through the microcontroller to the stepper motor of the throttle, the spool rotation motor, and the milk output intensity recorder during cow milking.

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