RU2619222C2 - Method of thermal effect on the product, transported through pipeline at the oil heating points and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: method contains the adjustable fuel components delivery, fuel ignition and combustion in the furnace. The combustion products in the first heat-exchanging system heat the intermediate heat transfer medium and cool up to the temperature of 10-20°C below the maximum temperature level of the transported product heating, after that the transported product (oil) is heated up to the temperature of 200-250°C in the second heat-exchanging system. Then the fuel combustion products in the wasteheat exchanger heat the fuel components supplied into the furnace and pass into the atmosphere through the chimney. The compacted air in the compressor is used as the intermediate heat transfer medium, which after heating in the first heat-exchanging system is supplied to the turbine. The compacted air expansion work is used to drive the compressor and electric generator. The air after turbines is supplied into the furnace as the oxidant. Also proposed the plant for implementing the method.

EFFECT: expanding of hardware range.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the oil and oil refining industries, in particular to the field of thermal and power effects on the product transported through the pipeline, in order to facilitate its transportation and preparation for processing, and also relates to technological equipment of the oil treatment complex and can be used to heat oil emulsions and oil.

A difficult energy-saving task for the oil industry is to reduce fuel consumption and reduce the cost of energy for low-temperature heating (to a temperature of 200-250 ° C) and the transportation of oil, viscous and solidifying oil products, fuel oils, bitumen, tar, especially in winter.

At present, in Russia in the general balance of oil production a significant place is occupied by high-viscosity and paraffinic oils, whose share is steadily increasing. One of the problems complicating the production of oil is the formation of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits on well fittings.

Similar deposits, which occur due to a decrease in the temperature regime of the oil flow, are found in almost all regions of oil production. Due to deposits, the operating efficiency and productivity of wells decrease, equipment wears out faster, and electricity costs increase several times.

Increasing the productivity of oil transportation during its low-temperature heating, simplifying the heating process and increasing the stability of the heating process while reducing fuel consumption and lowering the cost of energy for heating is the main task in the oil and oil refining industries.

A known method of thermal exposure to products of, for example, oil transported through a heated pipeline by converting electrical energy into thermal energy using the basis of the surface effect, in which heat is transferred to heat the product in a heated pipeline from a heated pipe, when an alternating electric current passes through it with the current density unevenly distributed over the cross section, while the greatest current density on the inner surface is created by choosing the wall thickness from the condition that its electromagnetic wavelength is exceeded in steel at a current frequency of 50 Hz. The known method is described in the work Fonarev Z.I. "Electric heating of pipelines, tanks and technological equipment in the oil industry." - L .: Nedra, 1984. - 148 p.

A device is known for implementing the known method, including a heating pipe with oil, a heating pipe, inside which a current-carrying cable is laid. The heating pipe is fixed to the outside of the heated pipe by welding and is enclosed in general insulation. One end of the cable is connected to the heating pipe, and the other end of the cable is connected to an AC power source. The device is shown in Fig. 1 page 7 of the book Fonarev Z.I. "Electric heating of pipelines, tanks and technological equipment in the oil industry." - L .: Nedra, 1984. - 148 p.

The disadvantage of this method is the high cost of energy for thermal effects on the product transported in a heated pipeline. The disadvantages include the need to use high voltage (500 V - 3000 V) for efficient heating of oil and heat-resistant cable, as well as complex and expensive equipment.

Methods and methods of heating, using electricity in their basis, are usually difficult and unsafe to operate, as well as more expensive than other heaters due to the use of electricity as an energy carrier.

A known method of thermal exposure to a product, for example oil, transported through a pipeline by exposure to heat from a circulating gas coolant formed by mixing the products of combustion of fuel gas with an excess of the exhaust coolant supplied by the smoke exhauster, while blowing air is heated by the heat of the removed part of the exhaust coolant to the atmosphere (flue gas ), The method of thermal exposure to a product, such as oil, is described in Russian patent RU No. 2090810, F27B 1/10, publ. 09/20/1997

A device for implementing the known method of thermal exposure to a product containing an oil heating furnace, comprising a fan, an air heater, a fuel combustion chamber, heat exchangers, a chimney, oil and fuel supply pipelines, a gas duct, the gas duct including a circulation circuit connecting in series in the direction of movement of the gaseous heat carrier, a smoke exhauster, a cyclone firebox, tubular evaporators, a waste pipe outlet connected to the ik- fan nozzle, described in Russian patent RU №2090810, F27B 1/10, publ. 09/20/1997

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of the conversion of the heat of the burned fuel in the convective form of heat transfer for low-temperature thermal effects on the transported product in a heated pipeline, because a significant proportion of the heat of the combusted fuel is released into the atmosphere.

The disadvantage should also include the creation of a “hard” hot coolant with a temperature of 670 ° C, the use of which leads to undesirable effects of structural changes in the pumped oil in a heated pipeline. Such heat fluxes can cause coking, i.e. decomposition of oil without access of air to volatile components and solid residue - coke in the pipeline. Coking of crude oil occurs already at a temperature of T = 450-540 ° C, which is the ultimate level of heating of the product, which reduces the effectiveness of thermal effects on the product.

The disadvantage of this device is the low-temperature combustion chamber, which is made in the form of a cyclone furnace with tangential burners. The combustion products of the fuel in the furnace have a temperature of 1200 ° C, which does not provide minimum fuel consumption, because the stoichiometric ratios of the oxidizing agent and the fuel used are not maintained, which generally reduces efficiency.

A known method of thermal exposure to a product, for example oil, transported by pipeline, by transferring heat from the combustion products of the fuel mixture formed by supplying fuel components, igniting and burning them in the combustion chamber of a device located inside the pipeline, the contact of the combustion products with the transported the product is carried out by the emission of combustion products of the fuel working mixture from the cavity of the device into the pipeline. The method of thermal exposure to a product, such as oil, is described in Russian patent RU No. 2156916, F17D 1/18, publ. 09/27/2000

The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of monitoring the status of possible structural changes in the pipeline when heating the transported product, which reduces the efficiency of the process during operation.

A device is known for thermal influence on a product transported through a pipeline, comprising a housing in which a cavity for burning the working mixture is made, and at least one pipe for supplying a component of the working mixture into the cavity, the device having a glass installed in the housing and a heating element, mounted in the glass, and the cavity for the combustion of the working mixture is formed by the outer surface of the glass and the inner surface of the housing, the wall of which has a pipe for supplying a component to the cavity the working mixture and a through hole for ejecting combustion products from the cavity into the pipeline, while in the glass there is a longitudinal channel for supplying the component of the working mixture to the cavity, in addition, the hole in the housing is made in the form of a Laval nozzle. A device for implementing the method of thermal exposure to a product, such as oil, is described in Russian patent RU No. 2156916, F17D 1/18, publ. 09/27/2000

The disadvantages of the device include the complexity of quality control of the state of possible structural changes in the transported product during heating due to heat and mass transfer by introducing high-temperature products of complete combustion of fuel in the transported oil. The complexity of the operation and repair of equipment in violation of the quality of the transported product reduces the efficiency of operation of pipeline transport.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed technical solution is a method for heating oil and oil products in pipelines, when partially combine the technological processes of the pipeline transport of oil and the technological processes of oil heating points using a heat exchange system.

The known method and installation of oil heating in pipelines using a heat exchange system installed at the oil heating points, including heating the intermediate heat carrier and heat transfer from the intermediate heat carrier to the pumped product, in which water is used as the heat carrier, the heating of which is carried out in the boiler according to schedule 110- 80 ° C, the heated water is sent to the pipe space of the first heat exchange system, in which the temperature of the water circulating in the fire tube is maintained According to the schedule, 100-70 ° C, and using automation, this water is used to heat the pumped product to a predetermined temperature in the second heat exchange system. A well-known technical solution is described in the patent of Russia RU No. 2336456, F17D 1/18, publ. 10/20/2008

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low temperature heating of the intermediate coolant, and hence the low heating of the pumped product, leading to an increase in the viscosity of the product transported through the pipeline and to a decrease in the productivity of the pipeline system.

The technical task of the invention to be solved is the creation of an effective method and device for thermal exposure of a product transported through a pipeline by increasing product transportation productivity by reducing viscosity and increasing product fluidity, while safely receiving high-temperature coolant in the form of fuel combustion products.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of thermal influence on the product transported through the pipeline, at the oil heating points, including the supply of the transported product, the regulated supply of fuel components, ignition and fuel combustion in the furnace, obtaining a high-temperature coolant in the form of fuel combustion products, intermediate heating heat carrier in the first heat exchange system, heating the product in the second heat exchange system, according to which the intermediate heat carrier is cooled low-temperature coolant to a temperature of 10-20 ° C below the temperature limit of the heating of the transported product, eliminating structural changes in the product, and then the transported product is heated by cooled fuel combustion products to a temperature of 200-250 ° C, followed by heating of the fuel-fuel component in an additional heat exchange system in the form of a heat recovery unit, while the thermal energy of the intermediate coolant is converted into electrical energy using a turbocompressor and an electric generator, for which compressed air in the compressor is used as an intermediate heat carrier, followed by the use of an intermediate heat carrier as an oxidizing agent fuel component.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that they carry out additional induction heating of the product, cooled as a result of transportation through the pipeline, in the interval between the oil heating points, using electric energy obtained from part of the expansion work of the intermediate heat carrier heated in the first heat exchange system during fuel combustion.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the installation for implementing the method of thermal influence on the product transported through the pipeline, at oil heating stations containing a fuel burning furnace, a fuel component supply system, an ignition system, an automation system, a first heat exchange system for heating an intermediate heat carrier, the second heat exchange system for heating the transported product, duct, piping, valves and chimney, according to which it is equipped with a turbocomp a quarrel consisting of a turbine and a compressor with an inlet duct, an electric generator, an induction heater and a heat recovery unit, while the compressor output is communicated with the turbine inlet through the first heat exchange system, and the turbine outlet is communicated with the inlet to the furnace, while in the gas duct of the high temperature coolant in the form of fuel combustion products, a second heat exchange system, a heat recovery unit and a chimney are installed successively behind the first heat exchange system, while the cold path of the heat recovery unit Shchen inlet with feeder fuel component - the fuel, and an output in communication with the input of the furnace, in which an intermediate coolant air is used, the turbocharger is driven electric generator, an electric power source is an induction heater, is installed on the pipeline section beyond the point of oil heating.

The use of compressed air heated in the first heat exchange system as an intermediate heat carrier, capable of receiving heat from a high-temperature heat carrier in the form of fuel combustion products and converting this heat to electrical energy, allows the use of electric energy to heat the transported product outside the oil heating point between the oil heating points.

Heating a component of (combustible) fuel in a heat utilizer to increase the heat content of combusted fuel and increase accordingly the amount of electric energy received, while simultaneously reducing the thermal load on the ecosystem when refrigerated fuel combustion products are released into the atmosphere, allows us to argue for an increase in energy saving and the economical process of heating oil in the industry .

High temperature heating of the pumped product, leading to a decrease in the viscosity of the product transported through the pipeline, helps to increase the productivity of the pipeline system.

The generated electricity can be used for the needs of the oil field, and this also provides energy saving for the process of oil preparation in the oil field.

Thus, the proposed technical solution has significant differences from the known solutions and prototype.

In FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for implementing a method of thermal exposure of a product transported through a pipeline at oil heating points with a separate outlet duct (parallel supply of compressed heated air with the same pressure at different flows) for each of the two rotor drives.

In FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for implementing a method of thermal exposure of a product transported through a pipeline at oil heating points with an outlet duct (serial supply of compressed heated air with the same flow rate at different pressures) for each of the two rotor drives.

In FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for implementing a method of thermal exposure of a product transported through a pipeline outside an oil heating point.

In FIG. 1-3 indicated:

1 - oven;

2 - ignition system;

3 - automation system;

4 - the first heat exchange system;

5 - second heat exchange system;

6 - heat recovery unit;

7 - fuel supply pipe;

8 - chimney;

9 - air supply pipe;

10 - turbine drive electric generator;

11 - shaft;

12 - electric generator;

13 - compressor drive turbine;

14 - shaft;

15 - compressor;

16 - oil heating point;

17 - main pipeline with the transported product;

18 - induction heater;

19 - switch;

20 - elements of automation of temperature control and parameters of the electric network for heating the transported product;

21 is a power source.

The installation comprises a furnace 1 for burning fuel, an ignition system 2 for igniting the furnace 1 using starting fuel, an automation system 3 to ensure stable ignition and combustion at a given stoichiometric ratio of components. In the furnace 1 receive high-temperature coolant in the form of products of combustion of fuel. The first heat exchange system 4 with an intermediate heat carrier in the form of air is installed in the gas path of the high-temperature coolant, Air is supplied through the duct, in FIG. 1, 2, depicted in the form of links indicating the direction of air movement. Behind the first heat exchange system 4, a second heat exchange system 5 is sequentially installed for heating the transported product. The direction of movement of the products of combustion of fuel from the furnace 1 into the atmosphere is shown by a combination of arrows.

In the gas path of the high-temperature coolant, behind the second heat exchange system 5, there is a cavity in which a heat exchanger 6 is installed, a fuel supply pipe 7 is connected to the inlet of the cold path, and the cold path output is connected to the furnace 1 through the automation units by the other section of the pipeline 7. Exit of the hot path the heat recovery unit 6 communicates with the atmosphere through the chimney 8. The furnace 1 at the inlet is connected by an air duct in the form of a system of pipelines 9 for supplying air from the atmosphere. The turbine 10 is connected by a shaft 11 with an electric generator 12. The turbine 13 is connected by a shaft 14 with a compressor 15. The inputs of the turbines 10, 13 are in communication with the output of the compressor 15 through the first heat exchange system 4.

The air duct of the turbocompressor in the form of an air supply piping system 9 conditionally represents the “bundle” of the oxidizer supply system in an installation in which the compressor input 15 has a common air supply channel and the compressor output 15 is in communication with the first heat exchange system 4. At the outlet of the first heat exchange system 4, the duct is divided supply compressed hot air turbines 10, 13.

The input of the drive turbine of the generator 10 is in communication with the first heat exchange system 4 with the intermediate heat transfer medium in the form of compressed air, just as the input of the turbine of the drive of the compressor 13 is connected with the first heat exchange system 4 with the intermediate heat transfer medium, creating a divided, parallel connection of the turbines (Fig. 1). Power supply of the turbines is also possible with their serial connection, when the output of the turbine 13 is communicated with the input of the turbine 10 (Fig. 2). When the turbines are connected in series or parallel, the outputs of the turbines 10, 13 are in communication with the input of the furnace 1.

The installation is completed and has the ability to generate energy for heating the product transported through the pipeline, outside the oil heating point.

Between the two oil heating points 16, the section of the main pipeline 17 is a rather complex technological section with a cooling product, which leads to an increase in viscosity, therefore, to an increase in energy consumption and a decrease in the throughput of the transported product (Fig. 3). The transported product, which is very sensitive to thermal effects during heating, is one of the features of this technical solution. For a “soft” thermal effect on the product outside the oil heating point, the electric energy obtained in paragraph 16 of the oil heating is used. An induction heater 18 with switches 19 and automation units 20 for controlling the temperature and parameters of electric energy is installed on the pipeline 17 with the transported product. The power source 21 is an electric generator 12.

Installation works as follows. Fuel (fuel), for example, in the form of associated petroleum gas, heated in a heat recovery unit 6, is supplied to the furnace 1 and burned in it in the atmosphere of air supplied from the turbines 10, 13. Air after the turbine 10, 13 at a temperature of approximately T = 400 ° С it mixes with fuel 6 heated in a heat utilizer, provides stable ignition and combustion with the formation of a coolant in the form of fuel combustion products at a given ratio of fuel components, including stoichiometric, ensuring high completeness of fuel combustion.

The combustion products of the fuel as a high-temperature coolant enter the first heat exchange system 4, where the intermediate coolant is heated in the form of compressed air (at a pressure of P = 0.4-0.6 MPa) to a temperature of T = 800-900 ° C. High-temperature coolant, cooling in the first heat exchange system 4, approximately to a temperature equal to T = 400-450 ° C, i.e. to a temperature below the temperature limit of structural changes, in the second heat exchange system 5 heats the product transported through the pipeline to a temperature equal to approximately T = 200-250 ° C. In the gas path of a high-temperature coolant, the products of fuel combustion cooled in two heat exchange systems 4 and 5 are fed to a heat utilizer 6, in which the residual (unused) heat of the products of fuel combustion is transferred by heat transfer to combustible, for example, associated petroleum gas. The fuel heated in the heat utilizer 6 enters the furnace 1 for combustion at a safe pressure equal to P = 0.1-0.12 MPa. Then, the combustion products of the fuel through the chimney 9 enter the atmosphere, providing traction in the furnace 1.

The air compressed in the compressor 15, then heated in the first heat exchange system 4 to a high temperature, is sent to the inlet of the turbines 10, 13. The operation of the turbines 10, 13 in clean compressed air does not require large expenditures for its operation. The expansion work of compressed air in turbines 10 and 13 is used to drive a compressor 15 and an electric generator 12.

After the turbines 10, 13, the air having a temperature of approximately T = 400 ° C, enters the furnace 1. The generator 12 generates an alternating electric current with a frequency of 50 Hz for the needs of the oil field. At the same time, the generation of electrical energy allows the installation to create the ability to accompany the thermal effects on the transported product outside the oil heating point by transmitting electric energy over long distances, at large distances for the placement of oil heating points. An example of such an impact is the use of an additional heating circuit of the transported product by the induction heater 18. The thermal effect is accompanied by the movement of the generated electric energy received in the electric generator 12. The induction heater 18 is fixed around the pipeline 17 with the transported product outside the oil heating point. circuit breaker 19 automation system 20 provides the necessary parameters of the electric mo the power of the AC power source 21, for the induction heater 18, and the thermal effect on the transported product is carried out outside the oil heating point. Heating of the transported product on the highway reduces the viscosity of the oil, increases the speed of the transported product, which reduces the number of oil heating points and reduces the cost of the process operation.

Thus, the proposed technical solution allows to increase the productivity of oil transportation, simplify the process of heating oil, reduce fuel consumption and reduce the cost of energy for heating,

Compared with the known analogues in the claimed technical solution, the phased cooling of the fuel combustion products associated with the selection and conversion of the thermal energy of the burned fuel into electrical energy, with the possibility of its later use outside the oil heating point for thermal exposure of the transported product, allows to increase the efficiency of the heating process oil, by increasing the productivity of oil transportation, reducing fuel consumption, as well as reducing the cost of energy resources for heating.

Claims (3)

1. The method of thermal influence on the product transported through the pipeline at the oil heating points, including the supply of the transported product, the regulated supply of fuel components, ignition and combustion of fuel in the furnace, obtaining a high-temperature coolant in the form of fuel combustion products, heating the intermediate heat carrier in the first heat exchange system heating the product in a second heat exchange system, characterized in that the intermediate coolant is cooled to a high temperature coolant aturas are 10–20 ° C below the temperature limit of the heating of the transported product, eliminating structural changes in the product, and then the transported product is heated with cooled fuel combustion products to a temperature of 200–250 ° C, followed by heating of the fuel-fuel component in an additional heat exchange system in the form heat recovery unit, while the thermal energy of the intermediate coolant is converted into electrical energy using a turbocompressor and an electric generator, for which, as an intermediate coolant and compressed air is used in the compressor, followed by the use of an intermediate coolant as a component of the fuel, an oxidizing agent. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that it provides additional induction heating of the product, cooled as a result of transportation through the pipeline, in the interval between the oil heating points, using electrical energy obtained from part of the expansion work of the intermediate heat carrier heated in the first heat exchange system when burning fuel. 3. Installation for implementing the method of thermal influence on the product transported through the pipeline, at oil heating points, containing a furnace for burning fuel, a fuel component supply system, an ignition system, an automation system, a first heat exchange system for heating an intermediate heat transfer medium, a second heat exchange system for heating transported product, duct, piping, valves and chimney, characterized in that it is equipped with a turbocharger, consisting of a turbine and a compress ora with an inlet duct, an electric generator, an induction heater and a heat recovery unit, with the compressor output communicated with the turbine inlet through the first heat exchange system, and the turbine outlet communicated with the inlet to the furnace, while in the gas channel of the high-temperature coolant in the form of fuel combustion products in series behind the first heat exchange system, a second heat exchange system, a heat recovery unit and a chimney are installed, while the cold path of the heat recovery unit is communicated at the input to the supply device ponent fuel - fuel, and an output in communication with the input of the furnace, in which an intermediate coolant air is used, the turbocharger is driven electric generator, an electric power source is an induction heater, is installed on the pipeline section beyond the point of oil heating.

Images