RU2618342C1 - Multifunctional plough with rotary bar - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: multifunctional plough with a rotary bar contains a frame that is made of two sections hinged to each other - the movable one with plough bodies fixed thereon and the immovable one with an arcuate guide, and a rotary mechanism. The plough bodies are made in the form of rectangular concave plates with bottom sharpening and are arranged symmetrically and perpendicularly on the bar of the movable section, made from a square-profile pipe. The plates are fitted from behind with welded tooth fingers and paired plate brackets for mounting by means of openings and fingers. The bar is equipped with a vertically-welded cantilever axis, which enters from below into the bearing bushing of the immovable section. The rotary mechanism includes a sprocket, a worm gearbox with a direct current motor and a lantern rack, kinematically connected. The lantern rack is fixed on the lower side and is formed of the channel bar of the arcuate guide. On the outer side the arcuate guide is equipped with paired plate brackets for fixing bladeless working bodies. The working bodies contain plate holders with perforation for reinstalling by height. The holders are equipped with pipe racks welded at the front. Cylindrical bits placed at an angle of 35-38° to the soil surface, having a flat sole made at an angle of 10-13°, are mounted in the racks. Drainers or sweeps, on the height necessary according to the agronomic requirements, are mounted at the rear on the holders on the bottom.

EFFECT: increasing the functionality of the plough, simplification of the design of the rotary and locking mechanism.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for primary tillage, designed for both subsurface and dump smooth plowing.

The well-known "Multifunctional plow for primary tillage" (see RF patent No. 2528029), including equipped with support wheels adjustable in height and a hitch system, a frame with a supporting beam fixed at an angle of 45 ° to the direction of movement, with chisels installed on it, made in the form of a round pipe with a diameter of 90-100 mm with an end bent over a radius of 300 mm and a cut at an angle of no more than 25 ° with a closed elliptical bit with carbide brazing, an additional beam is located parallel to the supporting beam, with the edge of which an electric drive is installed on the welded area, kinematically connected with the racks located for rotation on an additional beam, placed after the chisels, while the spherical disks are welded to the racks at an angle of 35-38 ° and are equipped with eccentricities and rings with a parallelogram section and with a sharpening angle of not more than 25 °, and the rings are mounted around the perimeter of the circumference of the spherical disk and can be rotated along its axis, and the brackets for vertically welded in the form of bushings are located on the supporting beam for threaded fastening elements chisel, wherein the drive mechanism is a single-turn electric type ERI-250 kinematically by a shaft provided with a worm gear elements associated with toothed wheels rigidly attached to racks, connected to the latter.

The disadvantages of this device include the high structural complexity of the device, and in this regard, low operational reliability and maintainability.

It is also known "Multifunctional tool for tillage" (see US Pat. RF No. 2547921), including a hinged frame equipped with support wheels, adjustable in height, containing a fixed beam located at an angle to the direction of movement with fixed working bodies in the form of racks with overhead bits and cutting with by sharpening removable plane-cutting wings mounted at different heights and dumps, with chisels made of round diameter pipes fixed to cylindrical brackets in front on a fixed beam trom 90-95 mm with a rounded end, with an oblique cut, with bits in the form of elliptical plates with brazed metal-ceramic alloy, and cantilever shafts are additionally fixed in the cylindrical bearing units behind in the direction of travel, additionally equipped with supports fixed by plate and cylindrical brackets on the uprights chisels and under the beam, welded blade, which is made in the form of a vertical trapezoidal plate, equipped in the upper part symmetrically attached to the round wings, and in the lower and middle parts of it with bolt holes for removable undercut half-disks that have the form of half disks, while the cantilever shafts with dumps are mounted with the possibility of rotation using a drive containing a platform with an electric motor, a worm gear with end gears, and a shaft with worm gear elements of rotation gears rigidly mounted in the upper part of the cantilever shafts.

The disadvantages of this device can also be attributed to the high structural complexity of the device, and in this regard, low operational reliability and maintainability.

The well-known "Plow for smooth plowing" (see US Pat. RF No. 2154925), containing a frame with a guide located at an angle of 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the frame and pivotally connected to it with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane to translate in left and right the beam on which the rotary working bodies are rigidly fixed, while the hinge for turning the beam is movable along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the frame and is placed at the intersection of the longitudinal axes of symmetry of the frame and the beam, and the frame guide is made in the form of a straight line pepper timber with tracks mounted on the front of the frame.

The disadvantages of this device are: low functionality - only smooth plowing due to the fact that rotary working bodies are used, but they do not provide sufficient depth, the use of the plow only on old arable soils, energy-intensive system of turning the beam.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved economic effect is the "reversible plow" (see AS USSR No. 1069643), containing a frame made of two sections pivotally connected to each other with plow bodies fixed to one of them, and a rotation mechanism, comprising a connecting section of the frame, a power cylinder placed on the carrier of the plow body of the section carrier and an arcuate guide mounted on another section of the frame, while the rollers are fixed to the carrier of the section of the frame bearing the plow body, and in the arcuate ravlyaetsya formed arranged one below the other grooves, which are arranged in the roller frame section and the carrier roller, the upper groove is arcuate in a vertical plane.

The disadvantages are low functionality - only smooth plowing, and due to the fact that rotary working bodies are used, they do not provide sufficient depth, the plow can only be used on old arable soils, a structurally complex mechanism for turning (turning) the beam and fixing; low maintainability due to imperfection of the working bodies.

The technical result is to simplify the design of the rotation and fixing mechanism, increase the functionality of the plow, improving the working bodies to ensure maintainability.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known device comprising a frame made of two sections pivotally connected to each other - movable with plow bodies fixed to it and stationary with an arcuate guide, and a rotation mechanism, while, according to the invention, plow bodies are made in the form concave rectangular with lower sharpening plates equipped with welded tooth fingers and paired lamellar brackets for fastening with the help of holes and fingers symmetrically and perpendicularly stably and articulated on a bar of a movable section made of a square profile pipe, which is equipped with a vertically welded cantilever axis that enters the bearing bush of the stationary section from below, the rotation mechanism is represented by kinematically connected asterisk, worm gear with a DC motor mounted at the beginning of the movable section , and a spreader rod fixed on the lower side, made of the channel of an arcuate guide, while on the outside the arcuate guide os it is fitted with paired plate brackets, for fixing non-moldable working bodies containing plate ones, with perforation for height adjustment, holders with tube stands welded in front and mounted cylindrical, placed at an angle of 35-38 ° to the soil surface, flat-head chisels with an angle of 10- 13 °, with back-mounted drains at the bottom or at the height required according to agronomic requirements, flat-cut paws, with the paws located at an angle of 10-13 ° to the soil surface, made semicircular haymaker, equipped with a front cutaway and welded brackets for fixing the insert holder, wherein the motor is connected to the tractor power system, and for stopping and reversing of the arcuate guide fitted at the ends by stops and limit switches.

The new elements are that plow bodies are made in the form of concave rectangular plates with bottom sharpening equipped with welded tooth fingers and paired plate brackets for fastening, using holes and fingers, symmetrically and perpendicularly, rigidly and articulated, on a movable bar made of square pipe section, which is equipped with a vertically welded cantilever axis that enters from below into the bearing sleeve of the fixed section, while the rotation mechanism is represented kinematically with with an asterisk, a worm gear with a DC motor, mounted at the beginning of the movable section, and a spreader rail fixed to the bottom side, made of a channel of an arc-shaped guide, while on the outside, the arc-shaped guide is equipped with paired plate brackets for fixing plateless working bodies containing plate , with perforation for height adjustment, holders with front-welded tube posts with mounted cylindrical placed on at an angle of 35-38 ° to the soil surface with flat-bottomed chisels at an angle of 10–13 °, with back-mounted drains at the bottom or at the height required according to agronomic requirements with flat-cut paws, the legs being at an angle of 10–13 ° to the soil surface, made semicircular with agitators, equipped with a front cut-out and welded brackets for fixing on the holders, and the electric motor is connected to the tractor power system, and to stop and reverse the arc-shaped guide is equipped with stops and ends at the ends E switches.

The novelty lies in the fact that the rotations of the movable section are carried out by turning on the tractor’s cabin when the plow of the electric motor is raised to the turning position and, using kinematically connected sprockets and the pin bar and limit switches, will move the beam from one extreme position to another and also into the fact that it is possible to combine techniques of subsurface tillage with techniques of smooth plowing due to the initial cultivation of soil by subsurface working bodies to a depth of 25-30 cm, then moved layer of 10-15 cm of this soil followed by movable plow bodies, and in one direction due to reversing the position of the movable section, with intensive mixing and partial flipping of the loosened soil in that it is possible to provide methods only with deep chiseling (loosening only with a chisel to a depth 60 cm), deep chiseeling with drainage, flat-cutting processing to a depth of 20-30 cm, including the provision of additional loosening by means of harrowing during moldless processing by simple harrowing and reinstalling the plow body (turning and hinging with one finger), in that, due to the simplification of the design of the plow bodies, chisels and paws, maintainability is increased.

In the drawings, the proposed device is schematically represented: in FIG. 1 is a plan view of FIG. 2 is a section AA, when the movable section coincides with the longitudinal axis of the frame, in FIG. 3 shows the placement of a plow body during moldless processing; FIG. 4 is a plow body, rear view, in FIG. 5 - view A.

A multifunctional plow includes a welded frame made of two sections pivotally connected to each other - a fixed one containing beams 1, an arcuate made of a channel, a guide 2, a bearing sleeve 3, an attachment 4, support wheels 5, which also take lateral forces, and movable, containing the cantilever axis 6, placed vertically in the center of the rotary, with a square profile, beam 7. In operating positions, the beam 7 is located at an angle of ± 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the frame. In the beam 7, holes were drilled for fastening with two fingers 8 and plate brackets 9, plow bodies 10 made of rectangular plates, bent in a cylindrical shape and equipped with a sharpening at a 25 ° angle below. Moreover, with the help of the brackets 9 welded to them, the plow bodies 10 are placed symmetrically and perpendicular to the beam 7. The plow is also equipped with a turning mechanism, which includes kinematically connected pin bar 11, mounted below the arcuate guide 2, sprocket 12, mounted at the beginning of the rotary beam 7, worm gear 13 and a direct current electric motor 14. A direct current electric motor 14 is connected to the tractor power system and is controlled by a switch from the cab, and end off switches are used to disconnect and reverse recipients (not shown in the diagrams). Also, the guide 2 at the ends is equipped with welded stops 15 to limit the rotation of the beam 7. The opposite end of the beam 7 is equipped with a supporting self-aligning wheel 16. From the outside, the arcuate guide 2 is equipped with paired plate brackets 17 for mounting the bladeless holders made in the form of plate holders 18 with perforation for reinstallation in height. The holders 18 are equipped with tube racks 19 welded in front. In the racks 19, cylindrical bits 20 with a flat sole made at an angle of 10-13 ° are mounted at an angle of 35-38 ° to the soil surface. At the bottom, on the holders 18, drains are installed (not shown in the diagram) or, according to agronomy, the height of plane-cutting legs 21. Moreover, the legs 21 are placed at an angle of 10-13 ° to the soil surface, and are made semicircular with agitators, for example, according to US Pat. RF No. 2468558, but have a front cut-out and welded brackets for mounting on the holders 18. Plow bodies 10 are equipped with welded tooth fingers 22 on the back.

The operation of the device is as follows. In the field, when the device is moving, cylindrical chisels 20 and semicircular paws 21 are introduced into the soil to a predetermined depth (20-30 cm) by preliminary adjustment (by appropriate placement and fixing of the holders 18 in the brackets 17 and legs 21 on the holders 18) and plane-loosening is carried out. Then, following the plow bodies 10, a bulldozer movement of the upper part of the previously loosened soil (10-15 cm deep) is carried out, while moving, additional loosening and partial turning of the soil occurs. To move the soil in one direction, as with smooth plowing, rotate the movable section. Turns of the beam 7 are carried out using the hinged vertical cantilever axis 6 and the bearing sleeve 3, as well as by turning on the tractor, when the mounted device 4 is raised to the transport position in the field on the headland of the plow, electric motor 14, which is kinematically connected by an asterisk 12 and the pin rail 11 and limit switches (not shown in the diagram) will move the beam 7 from one extreme position to another. Thus, the methods of subsurface tillage are combined with the methods of smooth plowing, moreover, with intensive mixing and partial overturning of the loosened soil.

Then, turning over plow bodies 10 on timber 7 and fixing them only with the help of one finger 8, i.e. pivotally, it is possible to provide methods of only deep (to a depth of 60 cm) chiseling of chisels 20 on racks 19, while flat-cut legs 21 are removed, deep chiseling with drainage (when the drains are fixed on the holders 18), plane-machining (when the chisels 18 are mounted 20 on racks 19 are fixed to a depth of 30 cm, and paws 21 to a depth of 20 cm, according to agronomic tasks). At these moments, combination with harrowing techniques welded to the plow bodies 10 by the teeth 22 is provided. Due to the simplified design of the plow bodies 10, bits 20 and legs 21, they are easily removed for replacement, thereby increasing their maintainability.

The use of a multifunctional plow with a rotary beam will increase the functionality of the plow, simplify the design of the rotation and fixing mechanism, improve the working bodies will provide increased maintainability.

Claims (3)

1. A multifunctional plow with a rotary beam, containing a frame made of two sections pivotally connected to each other - movable with plow bodies fixed to it and fixed with an arcuate guide, and a rotation mechanism, characterized in that the plow bodies are made in the form of concave rectangular with a bottom sharpening plates equipped with welded tooth fingers and paired plate brackets for fastening with holes and fingers, symmetrically and perpendicularly, rigidly and articulated, to be manufactured a square beam of a movable section beam, which is equipped with a vertically welded cantilever axis that enters the bearing of the stationary section from below, the rotation mechanism is represented by kinematically connected asterisk, worm gear with a DC motor mounted at the beginning of the movable section, and a pin rail, fixed on the lower side, made of the channel of an arcuate guide, while on the outside the arcuate guide is equipped with paired plate and brackets for fixing subsurface working bodies containing lamellar with perforation for re-mounting the holders in height with front-welded tube posts with mounted cylindrical flat-bottomed bits with a flat sole at an angle of 10–13 °, mounted at the back with drains below or at the required, according to agronomic requirements, height with flat-cut legs. 2. A multifunctional plow with a rotary beam according to claim 1, characterized in that the paws are located at an angle of 10-13 ° to the soil surface, are made semicircular with agitators, equipped with a notch in front and welded brackets for fixing on holders. 3. A multifunctional plow with a rotary beam according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric motor is connected to the tractor power system, and to stop and reverse the arc-shaped guide is equipped with stops and limit switches at the ends.

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