RU2607967C1 - Fire extinguishing fluid fire extinguishing module - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to field of fire extinguishing, in particular, to modular device for fires and ignitions isolation and extinguishing in class A and B buildings. Fine atomized extinguishing fluid fire extinguishing module comprises sealed housing, filled with fire extinguishing fluid with provision of free space above its level. In housing upper part gas generator is arranged, coaxially arranged in barrel. Between walls of gas generator and barrel cavity is formed with provision of interaction between it and space above fluid level in housing. In module housing lower part cylindrically shape release nozzle is mounted, provided with rupture disc. For fluid fine spraying sprayer is installed, which is made in form of hollow body, installed directly on outlet nozzle making its bottom part, where paired channels are made uniformly in annular rows with provision of each pair of channels axes intersection between each other outside of sprayer at distance of 5–8 mm from sprayer outer surface, paired channels rows are made, at least, at two levels in sprayer height, bisectors of angles between lower level paired channels are oriented relative to sprayer axis at angle of 20–35 degrees, and of upper level are at angle of 45–70 degrees, in direction of protected surface. Ratio of sprayer channel length and channel diameter makes 1:0.2–0.5.

EFFECT: when using module provided is uniform distribution of fire extinguishing fluid over entire surface of protected object with absence of “dead” zones.

5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of fire extinguishing with a finely divided fire extinguishing liquid, in particular, to a modular type device for localizing and extinguishing fires and fires of classes A and B at various facilities.

According to SP 5.13130, "fire extinguishing systems with finely dispersed water (TRV) are divided into modular and modular and are used for surface and local fire extinguishing on the extinguishing surface of fire centers of classes A and B according to GOST 27331".

A large number of fire extinguishing modules by atomized liquid is known (Patents of the Russian Federation: No. 2112572 IPC A62C 5/00, publ. 1998, No. 2141369 IPC A62C 35/00, publ. In 1999, No. 2293582 IPC A62C 35/00, publ. 2006). Known modules contain a container with a fire extinguishing liquid, which is under pressure from a compressed gas, a locking and starting device located in the container, a siphon tube and an atomizer, which is connected through a pipeline and through a locking and starting device to a siphon tube.

A common drawback of these modules is the need for constant monitoring of gas pressure, as well as the presence of a pipeline to the atomizer, which leads to significant dimensions of the device.

A useful model is known “Fire extinguishing module sprayed with a fire extinguishing liquid” (RF Patent No. 151421, IPC A62C 35/10, publ. 2015). This module includes a container, an initiation unit with a chemical heat generator, in the form of a polyethylene container with an oxidizable composition and an oxidizing agent that breaks under the action of the rod, and the extinguishing agent supply system consists of a lid with a heater, a destructible membrane, a siphon tube and a spray valve.

Such a module is compact, but the disadvantages include the need to maintain the operability of the power source for the heater in the lid.

The well-known "Fire extinguishing module" (RF Patent No. 2424839, class A62C 35/00, publ. 07.27.2011). The known module contains a sealed enclosure filled with fire extinguishing fluid, a chamber with a gas generator is installed in the upper part of the housing, and outlet nozzles with a diaphragm are mounted in the lower part of the housing. The outlet nozzles are equipped with a system of channels made in its side and end walls. The nozzle channels are equipped with spray guns providing spraying of the extinguishing agent in the form of finely atomized water or aqueous solutions. The module can be additionally equipped with pipelines installed in the nozzle channels, in this case, nozzles are installed at the ends of the pipelines.

The disadvantages that impede the use of the known module include the uneven distribution of the liquid over the surface to be protected.

The presence of a system of channels made in the side and end walls of the exhaust nozzle and provided with nozzles at the ends causes quenching mainly at local surface areas in the direction of these channels, the uneven distribution of the fluid flow leads to the formation of "dead" zones.

The closest technical solutions for the totality of the essential features and the technical result achieved, which is selected as a prototype, is the "Fire extinguishing module" according to the RF patent No. 2424839 (brand name "TRV-Garant", the product is manufactured according to TU-4854-501-96450512-2010 )

The present invention is aimed at solving the problem of achieving a uniform distribution of the flow of atomized liquid in intensity over the entire protected surface.

Using the proposed module ensures the uniform distribution of the extinguishing fluid over the entire surface of the protected object with no “dead zones”. Effective quenching is determined by a combination of features set forth in the claims. This ensures the formation of fine droplets and their transportation to the quenching zone with the possibility of overcoming convective flame flows.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the fire extinguishing module with a finely dispersed extinguishing liquid, including a sealed enclosure filled with a fire extinguishing liquid, providing free space above its level, a gas generator is installed coaxially placed in the glass, a cavity is formed between the walls of the gas generator and the glass, making it possible communication between it and the space above the liquid level in the housing; at the bottom of the module housing the exhaust nozzle of qil is mounted of a drift form, equipped with a bursting disc, and for fine atomization of the liquid, a sprayer is installed, characterized in that the sprayer is made in the form of a hollow body, is mounted directly on the outlet nozzle, forming its bottom, where paired channels are made uniformly in circular rows to ensure that the axes of each pair intersect channels between themselves outside the spray gun at a distance of 5-8 mm from the outer surface of the spray gun, rows of paired channels are made at least at two levels in height of the spray gun, bisector angle in between the paired channels of the lower level are oriented relative to the axis of the sprayer at an angle of 20-35 degrees, and the upper level at an angle of 45-70 degrees, in the direction of the surface to be protected, while the ratio of the channel length of the sprayer and the diameter of the channel is 1: 0.2-0, 5.

The location of the paired channels at least two levels along the height of the atomizer, as well as the orientation of the bisector of the angles between the paired channels in the direction of the surface to be protected at a certain angle, allows to achieve a uniform and higher concentration (density) of the distribution of liquid droplets over the entire surface in the zone of the fire source.

As a fire extinguishing liquid, both water and aqueous solutions containing various additives that help suppress fire can be used.

A protective coating can be made on the inner surface of the module to ensure corrosion resistance when using aggressive additives.

The possibility of arrangement at several levels of the corresponding rows of paired channels can be provided most technologically by the execution of annular grooves coordinated in height on the inner and outer surfaces of the atomizer.

The atomizer in the form of a hollow body can be made of various shapes, for example spherical or conical.

The design of the proposed module is illustrated in the drawing. In FIG. 1 shows a general view (section) of a fire extinguishing module with a finely divided liquid, FIG. 2 shows a hollow body atomizer (section), FIG. 30 is a bottom view of a spray gun. The module contains: 1 - a sealed enclosure, 2 - a fire extinguishing liquid, 3 - free space above the liquid level (2), 4 - a gas generator coaxially placed in a glass (5), a cavity 6 is formed between the walls of the gas generator (4) and the glass (5) 6 , which communicates with the free space (2) through holes - 7 in the wall of the glass (5). In the lower part of the housing (1), there is an outlet nozzle - 8, inside of which there is a bursting disc - 9, with the possibility of its opening through the notches under pressure. Directly on the outlet nozzle (8), a hollow atomizer - 10 (for example, conical shape, as in the drawing) is installed, and is designed for thin atomization of liquid. The sprayer (10) forms the bottom of the cylindrical nozzle (8). Paired channels are made on the sprayer surface evenly in circular rows - 11, 6 pairs at the lower level, and 12 pairs at the upper level. The axes of these channels intersect at a distance of 5-8 mm from the outer surface of the atomizer (10). The bisectors of the angles between the pair channels (11) of the lower level are oriented relative to the axis of the spray gun at an angle = 20-35 degrees, and the upper level at an angle = 45-70 degrees, in the direction of the surface to be protected. The ratio of the length and diameter of the channel is 1: 0.2-0.5. The holes (7) are covered with a protective tape (not shown in the drawing).

According to the manufacturing technology for forming the channels (11), it is preferable to make annular grooves 12 coordinated in height on the inner and outer surfaces of the atomizer (10) forming a stepped surface. This allows one to achieve high accuracy of the channel arrangement (11).

The fire extinguishing module of a finely dispersed liquid, shown in the drawing, operates as follows.

When a current pulse is applied, the gas generator (4) is started, and intense gas evolution occurs. The gas passes through the cavity (6) of the glass (5) to the holes (7) made in the wall of the glass, while the protective tape of the holes (7) breaks out and the gas enters the free space (3) above the liquid level (2). The operation of the gas generator leads to an increase in pressure in the housing (1). The free space (3) above the liquid level (2) accumulates kinetic energy in the form of compressed gas. As the specified pressure in the housing (1) is reached, the membrane (9), calibrated for destruction at a given pressure, is destroyed by notches (it bends in the form of petals), and a fire extinguishing liquid composition (2) is supplied to the outlet nozzles (8). Next, the fire extinguishing composition enters the channels (11) of the atomizer (10), which form pairs of intersecting jets, due to the location of the channels (11) in circular rows on the surface of the atomizer (10). The jets intersect at a distance of 5-8 mm from the spray surface (10), which prevents sprayed droplets from settling on the spray walls. When the jets collide, a stream of fine droplets of extinguishing liquid with an average droplet size of 150 microns is obtained, which, thanks to the angular intersection, is transported further to the protected zone. The bisector of the angles between the paired channels of the lower level, oriented relative to the axis of the spray at an angle α = 20-35 degrees, and the upper level at an angle β = 45-70 degrees, in the direction of the surface to be protected, as well as the ratio of the length and diameter of the channel within 1: 0.2-0.5 form a diagram of the uniform distribution of extinguishing fluid to the protected area.

The proposed fire extinguishing module with finely dispersed water (liquid) is designed to localize and extinguish fires and fires of classes A and B, and storage and operating conditions are provided at ambient temperatures from minus 40 ° С to plus 95 ° С. The module belongs to the class of stationary fire extinguishers and does not contain ozone-depleting substances.

Technical requirements and test methods are described in GOST R 53288-2009 “Automatic water and foam fire extinguishing installations. Modular water spray automatic fire extinguishing systems. General technical requirements. Test Methods. "

The tests were carried out in accordance with section 9 of GOST R 53288-2009 (in particular, according to paragraphs 9.3, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 9.12 and 9.13).

Tests of the claimed module (based on MPP "Buran-15") were conducted with a spray installed directly on the exhaust nozzle. The module design during testing corresponded to the device shown in the illustrative drawings. Moreover, the intersection of the axes of each pair of channels between themselves outside the sprayer at a distance of 5, 7 and 8 mm, as well as outside the declared (4 and 9 mm) from the outer surface of the spray. The ratio of the length and diameter of the channel was 1: 0.2 (0.4 and 0.5), as well as outside the declared range (0.1 and 0.6). The bisector angles between the paired channels of the lower level were oriented relative to the axis of the spray gun at an angle α = 20-35 degrees, and the upper level at an angle β = 45-70 degrees, in the direction of the surface to be protected (limits according to the claims). And also the orientation of the angle bisectors was varied (less and more of the indicated values).

The test results of the proposed module recorded the following:

- the volume of the fire extinguishing solution (OTV) - 13 l;

- the duration of the supply of the extinguishing solution is not more than 3 s;

- fire extinguishing ability when extinguishing fires of class A and B was determined by the protected area and amounted to 19-19.6 square meters. m;

- temperature conditions - from minus 40 ° С to plus 95 ° С;

- membrane opening pressure - 1.5 MPa;

- the probability of failure-free operation is not less than 0.95.

Tests of the prototype module were also conducted.

As a prototype, a fire-extinguishing module “TRV-Garant” (TU-4854-501-96450512-2010) was tested. According to the passport data:

- the volume of the fire extinguishing solution (OTV) - 14.5 l;

- time of delivery of OTV - no more than 5 s;

- fire extinguishing ability when extinguishing is determined by the area of the fires of Class A fire - not more than 22 square meters. m, and for foci of classes B - no more than 12 square meters. m;

- temperature conditions - from plus 5 ° С to plus 50 ° С;

- opening pressure of the membrane valve - 2.0 MPa;

- response resource (times) - at least 5.

Tests for fire extinguishing ability (Clause 9.13 of GOST R 53288-2009) were carried out under identical conditions at a closed test site with standard layout schemes for foci of class A and class B.

Tests of the proposed device with a combination of features set forth in the claims. The installation height of the module is 3.5 m, foci of class B (9 pcs.) On a diameter of 5 m and foci of class A as well as 9 pcs. on a diameter of 5 m. Tests were carried out on 12 modules with varying quantitative characteristics (paired channels are made at two levels, the distance from the outer surface of the spray to the intersection of the pair of channels is 5-8 mm, the orientation of the bisectors from the axis of the spray at a certain angle and the ratio of the length and diameter of the channel 1: (0.2-0.5)). Test results: all foci were extinguished, while a uniform distribution of the flux of HSS was ensured over the entire protected area.

8 modules were also tested with quantitative parameters that went beyond the limits stated in the claims:

- the distance from the outer surface of the spray to the intersection of the axes of the channels (the place of impact of the jets). The formula indicates the optimal size, which does not allow small droplets resulting from the collision of the jets to settle on the walls of the sprayer (this is the loss of OTP), which happens when the declared distance is reduced. An increase in this distance weakens the force of impact of the jets and does not allow the formation of the necessary uniform air-drop flow;

- the ratio of the length and diameter of the spray channel specified in the formula is optimal and ensures high-quality spraying of the HFA, and in combination with the ring rows of channels form a diagram of uniform spraying of the extinguishing liquid into the protected area. When the ratio of the parameter is less than stated (1: 0.1), a violation of the integrity of the jet is observed, which leads to poor-quality crushing of the jet during impact. Increasing the ratio to 1: 0.6 will require increasing the pressure in the module with an unjustified increase in the complexity of manufacturing thin channels to a greater depth;

- the implementation of paired channels at least at two levels along the height of the spray gun and the orientation of the bisectors with respect to the spray axis at a certain angle ensures the optimal concentration of OTV both in the center and on the periphery of the protected area, and leads to complete quenching of all foci according to the test scheme. It was experimentally proved that changing the values of the angles when orienting the bisectors with respect to the axis of the module from the declared ones did not provide extinguishing of all the foci (from 1 to 3 foci remained in the center and / or on the periphery not extinguished).

The test mode of the prototype module corresponded to the passport data for this product. Class B foci (9 pcs.) Square 3.46 × 3.46 (according to the passport) - 1 central center has been extinguished. Class A outbreaks in the amount of 9 pcs. (square 4.69 × 4.69 according to the passport) - 6 foci were extinguished.

The prototype module provides a complete and stable release of OTV and maintaining the intensity of the jet until the end of the module.

The results of the insufficient efficiency of extinguishing the device according to the prototype can be explained by the fact that the extinguishing is provided not over the entire area, but only in local areas in the direction of the tubular channels equipped with sprayers. The most effective quenching is carried out at central points (directly below the module). As a result, “dead zones” appear, where OTV does not fall into or is not in sufficient quantity to extinguish.

Thus, the tests confirm that the invention is aimed at solving the problem of effective extinguishing by uniform irrigation of the protected area at the optimal concentration of OTV. The achievement of the specified technical result is provided by the use of the totality of features. Placing the sprayer directly on the outlet nozzle allows for high-quality formation of OTV jets at lower internal pressure, and the paired channels with intersecting axes and oriented bisectors of paired angles uniformly distributed over the sprayer surface allow combining the uniformly intense OTV stream with the absence of “dead zones”.

Claims (5)

1. Fire extinguishing module with a finely dispersed fire extinguishing liquid, including a sealed enclosure filled with a fire extinguishing liquid to provide free space above its level, a gas generator is installed coaxially placed in the glass in the upper part of the body, a cavity is formed between the walls of the gas generator and the glass to allow communication between it and the space above the liquid level in the housing, in the lower part of the module housing mounted exhaust nozzles of cylindrical shape, equipped with a bursting disc, and For thin spraying of liquid, a sprayer is installed, characterized in that the sprayer is made in the form of a hollow body, is mounted directly on the outlet nozzle, forming its bottom part, where paired channels are made evenly in circular rows to ensure that the axes of each channel pair intersect with each other outside the sprayer at a distance of 5 -8 mm from the outer surface of the atomizer, rows of paired channels are made at two levels along the height of the atomizer, the bisectors of the angles between the paired channels of the lower level are oriented relatively Sprayer axis at an angle of 20-35 degrees, and the upper layer at an angle of 45-70 degrees, in the direction of surface to be protected, wherein the ratio of the channel length and the atomizer bore diameter is 1: 0.2-0.5. 2. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that water or aqueous solutions are used as the extinguishing liquid. 3. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that a protective coating is made on the inner surface of the module. 4. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the level of arrangement of the corresponding rows of paired channels is ensured by the execution of annular grooves coordinated in height on the inner and outer surfaces of the atomizer. 5. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the atomizer in the form of a hollow body is made of a spherical, conical or other shape.

Images