RU2606015C1 - Method of producing tea from rosebay - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of producing tea from rosebay. Method comprises collecting rosebay raw material in form of leaves, withering, fermentation and drying, after collection, raw material is placed in a shade and withering process is started not more than 3.5 hours after collecting raw material by placing it on racks with layer thickness from 20 to less than 40 mm, then whole leaves are twisted and fermentation is performed at layer thickness from more than 150 to 170 mm for 20 to less than 24 hours, placing whole leaves in containers, each covered with a wet cloth and heat-insulating material, forming a vertical column from containers, which is wrapped with a waterproof material, wherein vertical column consists of 4–10 containers with rolled leaves.

EFFECT: method provides improves quality of finished tea due to maximum preservation of vitamin C with reduction of contact of rosebay material with atmospheric oxygen during its production.

1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the food industry and can be used in the manufacture of tea from fireweed.

A known method for the production of tea from fireweed, providing for the use as a raw material for tea stems, leaves and flowers of fireweed when reaching a plant height of 20-30 cm, starting from the third decade of May in the middle zone of Russia and until the hardening of the plant fibers of the stem of the fireweed, withering to a moisture content of 70-75%, while the time between the end of the collection of raw materials and their drying should not exceed 5 hours, fermentation for 12-48 hours in a room with an air temperature of 20-28 ° C and relative humidity 70-75%, drying under natural conditions in the wind and open air when processing fireweed in direct or diffused sunlight for at least 6 hours to a moisture content of 8-10% (RF Patent No. 2534361, IPC A23F 3/00, A23F 3 / 34, published on November 27, 2014).

The disadvantage of this method is to reduce the content of vitamin C in the finished product, because under the influence of sunlight, this vitamin is destroyed and the longer the exposure, the less vitamin remains in the finished tea. The access of air oxygen during grinding before fermentation also contributes to the destruction of vitamin C in raw materials, and then in the finished tea. These factors reduce the value of the drink in terms of its use as a wellness.

Closest to the proposed method is the production of tea from fireweed, which includes the collection of raw materials in the form of leaves from the beginning of flowering in June to the end of flowering in August, the beginning of withering of the raw material no later than 4 hours after collection at a layer thickness of 40-50 mm for 12-26 hours, fermentation at a layer thickness of 120-150 mm for 24-26 hours, during which the crushed raw material of fireweed is placed in a container, rammed, squeezed air out of it, covered with a cotton cloth on top, then a heat-insulating material and a moisture-proof mat rials and drying is carried out at a layer thickness of 10-15 mm within 2-4 hours at a temperature of 50-60 ° C (RF Patent №2542383, IPC A23F 3/34, publ. 20.02.2015 g).

The disadvantage of this method is to reduce the content of vitamin C in the finished product, because access of air oxygen during grinding of raw materials of fireweed before fermentation and the subsequent stages of obtaining tea contributes to the destruction of vitamin C in raw materials, and then in the finished tea. These factors reduce the value of the drink in terms of its use as a wellness drink for people.

The objective of the proposed method is to improve the quality of the finished tea by ensuring the maximum preservation of vitamin C while reducing the contact of the raw materials of fireweed with oxygen in the air during its production.

The problem is solved by the method of producing tea from fireweed, including collecting the raw materials of fireweed in the form of leaves, drying, fermentation and drying, in which, after collection, the raw materials are placed in the shade and the drying process begins no later than 3.5 hours after collecting the raw materials by placing it on racks with a layer thickness of 20 to less than 40 mm, then the whole leaves are twisted and fermentation is carried out with a layer thickness of more than 150 to 170 mm for 20 to less than 24 hours, laying whole leaves in a container, each of which is covered moist cloth and a heat insulating material, containers formed of a vertical column which is wrapped liquid impermeable material, wherein the vertical bar includes 4-10 containers with curled leaves.

The invention is based on a method of producing tea from fireweed, which ensures maximum preservation of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in it. The proposed method is implemented as follows.

The fireweed is collected in the flowering phase (mid-June - mid-August). Only foliage is collected, without stems and inflorescences, the leaf is torn strong, with no signs of illness. The collection is carried out on the former fields and along the edges of the forest edges at a distance of 60-80 km from the city, preferably in the shade, because in the shade of the leaves of the fireweed is strong, juicy, green and large in size. The sheet is collected in tissue bags weighing 6-8 kg. After collecting the raw material of fireweed in the form of leaves, fabric bags are placed in the shade to prevent warming. No more than 3.5 hours should elapse before the start of drying. as the time increases, the leaves warm up, the color changes, a fresh smell appears, which reduces the quality of the finished tea. To wither, the leaves are placed on shelves covered with cotton cloth, a layer from 20 to less than 40 mm thick. With an increase in the layer thickness over 40 mm, it will be difficult to remove moisture from the inner layers of the raw material, and uneven removal of moisture will be observed throughout the layer. If the layer thickness is reduced to less than 20 mm, the productivity of the tea production process will be unreasonably lost. Withering is carried out for 15-24 hours, periodically mixing (stirring) the leaves in order to prevent drying of the upper layers and to ensure uniform withering. Withering of the leaves is carried out at a temperature of 22-26 ° C. The degree of drying is determined by the loss of mass of the tea leaf by 35-40%.

In the inventive method, after drying, the whole leaves are twisted using a FET-FD9563 tea leaf twisting machine, which provides a high-quality and quick leaf twisting process to reduce the loss of vitamin C. For further fermentation, twisted leaves with a thickness of more than 150 to 170 mm are laid in aspen containers (crates) are crushed, covered with a damp cloth to provide the specified humidity, then with heat-insulating material (batting). Boxes of 4 to 10 pieces are stacked on top of each other, forming a column, then a column of boxes is wrapped with a moisture-proof material, such as polyethylene. Fermentation is carried out for from 20 to less than 24 hours. The end of the fermentation is the cessation of leaf heating, the appearance of a fruity odor and a change in the green color of the leaves to brown or dark brown (the tea leaf has ripened). Increasing the fermentation time over 24 hours leads to a deterioration in the quality of the tea leaf (mold appears) and an inappropriate decrease in the productivity of the production process.

To carry out the drying process after fermentation, twisted fireweed leaves are placed on baking sheets with a layer thickness of up to 15 mm and dried for 3.5-4 hours at a temperature of 45-60 ° C. For drying, dryers of the SD-2P brand with four baking sheets are used. The baking sheets are lined with parchment paper (parchment) so that when tedding the tea does not wake up, then twisted fireweed leaves are placed on each baking sheet at the rate of 1 kg per baking sheet. On the dryer brand SD-2P, one load is 4 kg. After 1 hour from the start of drying, the tea leaves on the baking sheets are ted for the first time. From the second to the fourth time, tedding is performed every 30 minutes. Starting from the fifth time and all subsequent ones, tedding is carried out every 1.5 hours until the end of drying.

Store the finished tea in cardboard boxes weighing 4-10 kg, covered with clean cotton material, on shelves. Such packaging allows you to create storage conditions that exclude the possibility of reducing the quality of tea, because Tea “breathes” and is protected from light and dust. The yield of tea from the collected leaves of the fireweed is 20-25%.

The table shows the data on the content of vitamin C in the finished tea, depending on the method of preparation of raw materials from leaves of fireweed before fermentation and its duration. In the proposed method, there are no operations of grinding (cutting) and granulation of raw materials, in which the contact of the raw material with atmospheric oxygen increases, which leads to a decrease in the content of vitamin C in the finished tea. A decoction made from tea obtained by the proposed method is transparent, has a high content of vitamin C, has a more delicate taste and aroma, it will be interesting to connoisseurs and connoisseurs of Ivan tea (fireweed).

The proposed method of obtaining tea from fireweed was applied in the Vologda region at the industrial base of the "Medical Center" Rodnik ", Cherepovets.

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Claims (2)

1. A method of producing tea from fireweed, including collecting the raw materials of fireweed in the form of leaves, drying, fermentation and drying, characterized in that after collection the raw materials are placed in the shade and the drying process begins no later than 3.5 hours after collecting the raw materials by placing it is on racks with a layer thickness of 20 to less than 40 mm, then the whole leaves are twisted and fermentation is carried out at a layer thickness of more than 150 to 170 mm for 20 to less than 24 hours, laying whole leaves in a container, each of which is covered with a damp cloth and thermal insulation lining material, form a vertical column from the containers, which is wrapped with a moisture-proof material. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the vertical column consists of 4-10 containers with twisted leaves.