RU2603802C2 - Apparatus for producing hydrogen and aluminium hydroxides - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to inorganic chemistry, specifically to devices for producing hydrogen and aluminium hydroxides. Proposed apparatus comprises a tank, where in water reaction flasks with two nozzles for inlet of cold water and outlet of heated water are placed. Nozzle for discharge of heated water is connected with a glass pipeline, through which heated water is fed into Bunsen flask. Reaction flasks are made with a side branch for discharge of hydrogen and comprise a grid having cell size 1 mcm. In neck part of reaction flasks there is a throttle valve and infrared sensor, adjusting throttling valve position. Neck part of reaction flasks is connected with glass pipeline connected with glass tube by a pump, on which is installed an infrared sensor, controlling supply of suspension into Bunsen flask and interacting with infrared sensors, controlling position of throttling valves. In bottom of reaction flasks there is a glass pipeline connected to a Bunsen flask by a pump designed for supply of aqueous NaOH solution into reaction flask.

EFFECT: simplified design and higher reliability.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

Application area

The invention relates to the field of inorganic chemistry, and more specifically to devices for implementing methods for producing hydrogen and aluminum hydroxides from waste from the production of aluminum such as shavings and small pieces of various shapes. The installation can be used in remote access from electricity sources.

State of the art

A known installation for producing aluminum hydroxide and hydrogen (RF patent 2350563, class C01F 7/42, С01В 3/08, Mogilevsky IN, publ. 03/27/2009), which includes a device for mixing finely divided aluminum powder and water , a reactor for the chemical interaction of water with aluminum, accompanied by the release of a hydrogen-containing gas mixture and the formation of aluminum oxidation products, as well as a device for removing the hydrogen-containing gas mixture and aluminum oxidation products. The reactor for the chemical interaction of water with aluminum is equipped with a mixing device and an ultrasonic suspension irradiation device located inside the reactor.

The disadvantage of this installation is the need to use fine aluminum powder of 20 microns, which limits and significantly increases the cost of the resulting hydrogen and aluminum hydroxide powder. This limitation is also caused by the required rate of aluminum oxidation, which determines the completeness of the conversion of aluminum to hydroxides in the reactor.

A device is known for implementing a method for producing aluminum and hydrogen hydroxides (RF patent 111840, С01В 3/10, СРР 7/42, publ. 06/20/2006), taken as a prototype, which includes (a reactor) into which an alkaline solution is supplied and aluminum or its alloys is loaded through the reactor cover, exhaust valve, pump, container, Buchner funnel, Bunson flask, vacuum pump, controller, pressure sensor, Ph meter, cooling coil, paper filter, stainless steel cylinder, fill detection sensor powder motor for moving cylinder, pump to maintain a certain water level, temperature sensor.

The disadvantage of this device is the cooling system, as a result of an exothermic reaction, the temperature of the solution in the tank reaches above 100 ° C and the pressure rises to a critical value of 4 atm and the valve discharges the solution into a special container. Another disadvantage is the large number of sensors and programs that do not provide the correct adjustment of the operation of all systems.

The problem to which the invention is directed is the safe production of hydrogen and aluminum hydroxide. Technical problems such as the lack of a large number of sensors and programs, the low energy consumption for the operation of this installation, are also being solved, since washing the powder takes several minutes, simplicity in technical terms and the reliability of the installation.

Disclosure of invention

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the installation contains a tank in which the reaction flasks are located in the water and which is made with two fittings. One is a cold water inlet. The other is a nozzle for discharging heated water, connected to a glass pipeline through which heated water is supplied to a Bunsen flask to wash the Na [Al (OH) ₄ ] suspension. The reaction flask is made with a side outlet for the withdrawal of hydrogen, which is connected to a glass pipeline. Also, the reaction flasks contain a grid having a mesh size of 1 μm, designed to retain aluminum fractions and the resulting Na [Al (OH) ₄ ] suspension resulting from an exothermic reaction. In addition, a throttle valve and an infrared sensor are mounted in the throat part of the reaction flasks, which regulates the position of the throttle valve when hydrogen is not supplied to the lateral outlet through a glass pipe formed during the exothermic reaction, as well as regulating the Na [Al (OH) ₄ ] suspension to the Bunsen flask. In this case, the throat portion of the reaction flasks is connected to a glass pipe connected to a glass tube by a pump on which an infrared sensor is installed that regulates the suspension flow into the Bunsen flask and interacts with infrared sensors that control the position of the throttle valves. Also, a glass conduit is mounted in the bottom of the reaction flasks, connected to the Bunsen flask with a pump designed to supply an aqueous solution of NaOH to the reaction flasks. A Buechner funnel with a paper filter is used on a Bunsen flask, used to hold Al (OH) ₃ nanodispersed powder. In the Bunsen flask, a tap was made connected by a glass pipeline to a vacuum pump designed to dilute air.

Technical result

The technical result to which the invention is directed is to simplify the design of the installation and increase its reliability.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The figure 1 presents a diagram of a plant for producing hydrogen and aluminum hydroxide, which includes:

1 - fitting for cold water inlet;

2 - fitting for the withdrawal of heated water;

3 - tank;

5 - mesh;

6 - a butterfly valve;

7 - reaction flask;

8, 12 - pump;

9 - Buchner funnel;

10 - a vacuum pump;

11 - Bunsen flask;

4, 13, 14, 15 - glass pipeline;

16 - paper filter;

17 - lateral branch;

18, 19 - infrared sensor;

20 - glass tube.

The implementation of the invention

Installation for producing hydrogen and hydroxides works as follows.

In the tank (3) in which the reaction flasks are located, cold water is supplied through the cold water inlet (1), which is necessary for cooling and maintaining a constant rate of hydrogen evolution in the reaction flasks (7). Through the bottom of the reaction flasks (7) with a volume of 1500 ml through an glass pipe (15) from the Bunsen flask (11), an alkaline solution (NaOH) is supplied via a pump (12), while aluminum fractions are added to the reaction flasks (7) in the form of pieces or shavings and which, to avoid falling to the bottom, are held on a grid (5) having a mesh size of 1 μm. As a result of the reaction: Al ₂ O ₃ + 2NaOH + 3H ₂ O, a suspension of Na [Al (OH) ₄ ] and hydrogen are formed, which is then removed by means of a side outlet (17) through a glass pipeline (4). The released hydrogen can be sent to a gasoline generator as a fuel replacement or to fuel cells or pumped into cylinders. The Na [Al (OH) ₄ ] suspension formed in the reaction flasks (7) is guided by a pump (8) through a glass pipe (13) connected to a glass tube (20) to a Bunsen flask (11), on which a Buchner funnel ( 9) for flushing. The suspension of Na [Al (OH) ₄ ] in the Bunsen flask (11) is regulated using throttles (6) installed in the neck of the reaction flasks (7), the position of which is controlled by infrared sensors (18) receiving a signal from an infrared sensor (19) mounted on the pump (8). To wash the suspension of Na [Al (OH) ₄ ] into the Bunsen flask (11) through a glass pipe (14) through the nozzle for discharging heated water (2) installed in the tank (3), heated water generated as a result of heat exchange between the walls is sent reaction flasks (7), in which an exothermic reaction is carried out, and cold water. Nanodispersed powder Al (OH) ₃ to prevent it from entering the Bunsen flask (11) is retained in a paper filter (16), put on a Buchner funnel (9), and then removed and used to produce ceramic products.

To dilute the air, a Bunsen flask (11) is connected to a vacuum pump (10).

Thus, the operation of this installation will simplify the design of the installation by minimizing the number of sensors and the absence of controllers, as well as using a simpler cooling method, while improving the reliability of the installation by adjusting the constant output of hydrogen from the reaction flasks.

Claims (1)

An apparatus for producing aluminum and hydrogen hydroxides containing a tank, pumps, a Bunsen flask having a branch connected to a vacuum pump, on which a Buchner funnel is mounted, characterized in that the tank in which the reaction flasks are located is made with two fittings, one of which represents a fitting for the inlet of cold water, and another fitting for the outlet of heated water connected to the glass pipe, the reaction flasks are made with a side outlet for the output of hydrogen, which is connected to the glass pipe, with They hold a grid with a mesh size of 1 μm, also have a throttle and an infrared sensor that regulates the position of the throttles located in the throat, in the bottom of which is mounted a glass pipe connected to the Bunsen flask by a pump, while the neck of the reaction flasks is connected to the glass pipe connected to the glass tube by a pump on which an infrared sensor is installed that controls the flow of the suspension into the Bunsen flask and interacts with the infrared sensors that control the polo throttle response.

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