RU2603171C2 - Shock absorber - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building. Shock absorber 1 comprises body 2 filled with compressed liquid elastomer 3 and submerged into it rod 4 with piston 5. Piston 5 is located in body 2 with a throttling gap. Inner cavity of body 2 is tightly closed on one side by cover 6 with hole 17 for being preliminarily filled with liquid elastomer 3, and on the other side - by cover 7 with lip seal 8, through which outside rod 4 of piston 5 is passed. In body 2 between piston 5 and cover 7 there is insert 9 guiding piston 5 stroke. In insert 9 there is through channel 10, through which part 11 of rod 4 is passed. On the side of insert 9 there is movable ring valve 14 and this valve stroke limiter 15. In piston 5 there is through hole 16 interconnecting parts 12 and 13 of the body inner cavity. On one side of piston 5 there is insert 9 guiding piston 5 stroke, on the other side - cover 6 with hole 17.

EFFECT: provided is higher reliability and efficiency of the shock absorber operation.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and relates mainly to apparatus used in railway transport for absorbing shock energy.

Known shock absorber [1], comprising a housing filled with a compressible liquid elastomer, in which a rod with a piston is immersed. In this case, the piston is equipped with channels communicating the rod and rodless cavities of the housing. The piston is also equipped with a chamber with a check valve through which it is filled with an elastomer. The check valve is made in the form of a movable element, which is located between the end of the rod and the limiter of its movement. The non-return valve closes the inlet and outlet of the housing with various delays in the forward and reverse stroke of the piston rod.

However, the design of such a shock absorber is not reliable enough and, moreover, it has little ability to manipulate its output characteristics by absorbing shock energy, which determines the insufficient universality of the shock absorber application.

More reliable and versatile is the shock absorber selected for the prototype of the invention [2], comprising a housing filled with a compressible liquid elastomer and a rod with a piston immersed in it, which is located in a housing with a throttle clearance. The internal cavity of the body of such a shock absorber is tightly closed on one side by means of a cover with a hole for pre-filling liquid elastomer, and on the other hand, by means of a cover with lip seal, through which the piston rod is passed out. In the housing between the cover with a hole for pre-filling the liquid elastomer and the piston, an insert is installed that guides the piston stroke, in which through channels are made and through which a part of the rod is passed. In the initial position of the rod with its piston, the internal cavity of the housing is divided into a part between the piston and the cap with lip seals and a part between the piston and the cap with a hole for pre-filling the liquid elastomer with the possibility of changing the volume of these parts depending on the position of the piston. A movable annular valve and a stroke limiter of this valve are located on the side of the insert guiding the stroke of the piston, and cylindrical openings are made in the piston, communicating with each other the aforementioned parts of the internal cavity of the housing.

However, the disadvantage of this device is that in the actual design of the shock absorbers produced according to the prototype [2], a significant leakage of liquid elastomer through the lip seal of the lid is often observed, which reduces the reliability of the shock absorber.

In addition, during operation at sub-zero temperatures, the flow of liquid elastomer between the parts of the internal cavity of the shock absorber housing (between the piston and the cover equipped with a guide hole with a lip seal, and between the piston and the piston stroke guide) deteriorates during the reverse stroke, which is negative affects the performance of the shock absorber.

Therefore, the objective of the invention is to obtain a technical result to increase the reliability and efficiency of the shock absorber by reducing leakage of the liquid elastomer through the lip seal in its cover and by improving the flow of liquid elastomer between parts of the internal cavity of the shock absorber body during the reverse stroke of its rod.

The problem is solved in that the shock absorber comprising a housing filled with a compressible liquid elastomer and a rod with a piston immersed in it, which is located in the housing with a throttle gap, while the internal cavity of the housing is tightly closed on one side by means of a cover with a hole for pre-filling the liquid elastomer, and on the other hand, by means of a cap with a lip seal, through which the piston rod is passed outward, and an insert is installed in the housing that guides the piston stroke, in which at least one through channel, and through which a part of the rod is passed, in addition, in the initial position of the rod by its piston, the internal cavity of the body is divided into a part between the piston and the cap with lip seals and a part between the piston and the cap with a hole for pre-filling the liquid elastomer with the ability to change the volume of these parts depending on the position of the piston, while on the side of the insert guiding the piston stroke there is a movable annular valve and a stroke limiter of this valve, and in the piston ENO at least one through hole communicating between a portion of said internal cavity of the housing has a feature: the insert, the guide stroke, mounted in the housing between the piston and the lid with a lip seal.

The introduction of such a distinctive feature is aimed at a significant increase in comparison with the prototype [2] part of the internal cavity of the shock absorber body between the piston and the cover with lip seals. Therefore, it is possible to increase, respectively, the length of such a cover, and hence the length of the lip seal, which will lead to an improvement in the sealed properties of the shock absorber and significantly reduce the leakage of liquid elastomer to the outside of the shock absorber. This will increase the reliability of its operation.

In addition, during the reverse stroke of the piston, the liquid elastomer will flow more freely into a part of the structurally increased initial volume of the internal cavity of the shock absorber body between the piston and the cover with lip seals. This will positively affect the efficiency of the shock absorber at sub-zero temperatures, when a faster and easier return of the shock absorber rod, in comparison with the prototype [2], to its original position in frost will be carried out, and a large amount. For example, it is known that for high-quality operation of the shock absorber it is necessary that the shock absorber rod in cold weather minus 60 ° C, after applying a load to the full stroke of the piston, return to its original position by at least 85%. The shock absorber stock with the distinguishing feature described above will be able to return at least 90% of its original position.

To this end, it is advisable that a part of the internal cavity of the housing between the piston and the cap with lip seals is made with a volume of at least 8% of the internal cavity of the housing.

For better flow of liquid elastomer between parts of the internal cavity of the shock absorber body, it is recommended that at least one through hole in the piston be tapered.

The invention is illustrated by illustrations, where figure 1 shows a General view of the implementation of the shock absorber in the initial position of its rod; figure 2 is the same as in figure 1, but in the final position of the shock absorber rod under the action of the load applied to it; figure 3 is a General view of the shock absorber of figure 1 in the design of the apparatus, absorbing impact energy, in the initial position of the shock absorber rod; figure 4 is a General view of the installation of the absorbing apparatus of figure 3 in the damping system of the train.

The shock absorber 1 (Figs. 1 and 2) contains a housing 2 filled with a compressible liquid elastomer 3, in which the rod 4 is immersed with a piston 5 located with a throttle clearance (not indicated due to smallness) in the housing 1. Moreover, the internal cavity of the housing 1 tightly closed on one side by means of a cover 6, and on the other hand, by means of a cover 7 with lip seals 8, assembled in a package of length L. In the housing 2 is installed a stroke guide 9 of the piston 5, in which at least one through channel 10 is made (as example, two are shown) and through which ene portion 11 of rod 4.

In the initial position of the rod 4 (figure 1) by its piston 5, the internal cavity of the housing 2 is divided into part 12 between the piston 5 and the cover 7 with lip seals 8 and to part 13 between the piston 5 and the cover 6. In this case, it is possible to change the volume of these parts 12 and 13 depending on the position of the piston 5 (figure 2).

On the side of the stroke guide 9 of the piston 5, a movable annular valve 14 and its stroke limiter 15 are located. In the piston 5, through conical channels 16 are made, communicating with each other the mentioned parts 12 and 13 of the internal cavity of the housing 2.

The cover 6 is provided with a hole 17 for pre-injection under pressure into the internal cavity of the housing 2 of the shock absorber 1 of the liquid elastomer 13 through a check ball valve 18. A lip seal 8 of the cover 7 is located in the stepped hole 19, through which the rod 20 part 4 is passed outside the shock absorber.

For various designs of the shock absorber 1, a specific location of the stroke guide 9 of the piston 5 can be preselected. It is fixed in the housing 1 using, for example, a lock ring 21. This sets the initial position of the piston 5 (Fig. 1) and the value of the initial volume of the inner part 12 the cavity of the housing 2 between the piston 5 and the cover 7 with lip seals 8. It is recommended that such a volume be at least 8% of the total volume of the internal cavity of the housing 2 of the shock absorber.

The shock absorber 1 can be installed in various products that perceive shock loads. For example, in the design of the apparatus 22 (figure 3), absorbing impact energy in the damping system of the train (figure 4). Moreover, the housing 2 of the shock absorber 1 is fixed to the plate 23 of the housing of the apparatus 22, which is connected with the pressure piston 26 with the help of the studs 24 and nuts 25 with the possibility of free passage of the holes 27 of this piston through the studs 24.

The initial position of the rod 4 with the piston 5 of the shock absorber 1 in this case (Fig. 3), and therefore the volume of part 12 of the internal cavity of the housing 2 of the shock absorber 1, on which the initial amount of liquid elastomer 3 in this part 12 depends, is adjusted using nuts 25 to stilettos 24.

The apparatus 22 (Fig. 3), absorbing impact energy, can be installed (Fig. 4) through a thrust pin 28 in the traction collar 29 of the automatic coupler 30 of the carriage 31 of the railway damping system. Moreover, the wedge 32 of this coupling through the thrust plate 33 is in contact with the pressure piston 26 of the apparatus 22.

The shock absorber (figure 1) in the apparatus 22, which absorbs impact energy (figure 3), which is installed in the traction collar 29 (figure 4) of the automatic coupling 30 of the car 31, works as follows.

The impact from the automatic coupling 30 (Fig. 4) of the car 31 is transmitted through the automatic coupling wedge 32 to the thrust plate 33. As a result, the pressure piston 26 moves into the apparatus body 22 while the rod 4 moves with the piston 5 (Fig. 3) of the shock absorber 1 until it stops its body 2. At the same time, the movable annular valve 14 (FIG. 2) closes the message of the parts 12 and 13 of the internal cavity of the housing 2 of the shock absorber 1 under the action of an instant increase in pressure of the compressible liquid elastomer 3 in the cavity 13 and in the space behind it through the through channels 10 of the travel guide 9 pistons 5.

The quenching of the energy of such a shock occurs due to the flow of the liquid elastomer 3 from the cavity 13 into the cavity 12 only through the throttle gap (not indicated due to its small size) between the piston 5 and the body 2 of the shock absorber 1.

At the end of the stroke of the rod 4 (figure 2) with the piston 5 of the shock absorber 1, the residual impact of the shock damped by the shock absorber 1 is already significantly reduced in the event of an excessive shock is transmitted directly to the frame of the car 31 (figure 4).

After that, by removing the load on the rod 4 (figure 2) under the influence of the residual pressure of the liquid elastomer 3 on the piston 5, the rod 4 is returned to its original position (figure 1). Moreover, by opening the annular valve 14 when equalizing the elastomer pressure in parts 12, 13 of the inner cavity of the housing 2 of the shock absorber 1, the piston 5 with the rod 4 returns to its original position, at which the pressure piston 26 of the apparatus 22 (Fig. 3) also moves to its original position .

The mentioned distribution of liquid elastomer 3 of not less than 8% in part 12 of the internal cavity of the housing 2 of the shock absorber 1 allows you to increase the amount of liquid elastomer 3 when it is compressed in the reverse stage of the rod 4 of the shock absorber 1. This will facilitate the flow of this fluid at low ambient temperatures and will provide , ultimately, improved damping of the shock load attributable to the frame of the car 31 (figure 4).

Information sources

1. Patent PL 122000 (B1), IPC F16F 7/12; F16F 9/30; F16F 9/516, priority 1979.11.08, published 1982.06.30.

2. Patent PL 170036 (B1), IPC F16F 9/30; F16F 9/346, priority 1993.04.28, published 1996.10.31 / prototype /.

Claims (2)

1. A shock absorber comprising a housing filled with a compressible liquid elastomer and a rod with a piston immersed in it, which is located in the housing with a throttle clearance, while the internal cavity of the housing is tightly closed on one side by a lid with a hole for pre-filling with a liquid elastomer, and with on the other hand, by means of a cap with a lip seal, through which the piston rod is passed outward, and an insert is installed in the housing that guides the piston stroke, in which at least one through channel is made and with a part of the rod is missing, in addition, in the initial position of the rod by its piston, the internal cavity of the housing is divided into a part between the piston and the cap with lip seals and a part between the piston and the cap with a hole for pre-filling with a liquid elastomer with the possibility of changing the volume of these parts depending from the position of the piston, while on the side of the insert guiding the stroke of the piston, there is a movable annular valve and a stroke limiter of this valve, and at least one through hole is made in the piston an assembly that communicates the aforementioned parts of the internal cavity of the housing, the insert guiding the stroke of the piston installed in the housing between the piston and the cap with a lip seal, characterized in that on one side of the piston there is an insert guiding the stroke of the piston, and on the other hand, the cap with a hole for pre-filling with liquid elastomer. 2. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that a part of the internal cavity of the housing between the piston and the cover with lip seals is made with a volume of at least 8% of the internal cavity of the housing.

Images