RU2603006C1 - Water-carbon fuel based on solid residue of pyrolysis of tyres - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention discloses water-carbon fuel including a carbon-containing component, sodium humate and water, wherein carbon-containing component used is solid carbon residue of pyrolysis of tyres with initial ash content 11.40-11.66 %, sulphur content 1.2 wt%, preliminarily crushed to particle size 0.1 mm and enriched by oil agglomeration, where reagent for enrichment used is a liquid fraction of pyrolysis of tyres in an amount of 4.0-6.0 % to weight of water, used for enrichment, at following component ratio, wt%: carbon granules 60-64, sodium humate 0.6-1.28, water 34.72-39.4.

EFFECT: technical result of proposed invention is production of carbon-water fuel with low ash content and sulphur content, prepared from concentrate of carbon residue of pyrolysis of tyres, which enables more complete recycling of waste tyres and improves ecological situation in regions.

1 cl, 4 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the energy industry, is aimed at developing a composition and method for producing a highly concentrated low-ash water-carbon fuel obtained from a solid residue of tire pyrolysis. The resulting water-carbon fuel is suitable for direct combustion in boilers, furnaces, various power plants, suitable for pipeline transportation, is intended to replace coal, fuel oil and gas at fuel-consuming facilities.

The basis for obtaining water-carbon fuel is waste - a solid residue of tire pyrolysis. The volumes of education and accumulation of used tires in the world reach enormous proportions. One of the most environmentally friendly ways of processing used tires is pyrolysis, during which semi-products are obtained: gas, liquid-fuel fraction, carbon-containing residue and metal cord. The resulting solid carbon-containing residue - low-quality carbon, can hardly find its application directly and is stored at the industrial site of the enterprise. The output of this residue after pyrolysis is 80-85% of the initial mass of tires. The solid residue most often has an ash content unacceptable for direct use (V ^daf = 12-15% wt.) Due to additives in the rubber, and can be very toxic due to violations of the technological regime. The problem of recycling the solid residue of tire pyrolysis is very relevant.

The invention helps to solve environmental problems associated with the formation and disposal of waste (solid residue pyrolysis of tires).

Solid fuel liquefaction technologies have been developing since the beginning of the twentieth century and are based on the creation of finely dispersed systems such as suspensions in which solid carbon-containing particles are suspended in a liquid. Since the mid-twentieth century, water began to be widely used as the liquid phase of suspensions, and if coal particles were used as the solid phase, the prepared fuel was called water-coal fuel (VUT).

For the preparation of HLT, high-quality steam coal with a low content of sulfur and ash is usually used. With the development of VUT technologies, technical proposals began to appear on the use of other, less high-quality, raw materials.

The known composition of the WCF, including coal, liquid fuel and water (AS USSR No. 278944, IPC F23K 1/02, F23K 1/02, publ. 01.01.1970). The disadvantage of this fuel is the low stability of the resulting suspension and the rapid wear of the spray nozzles in the burners of the boiler.

It is known that VUT obtained from brown coal by its hydrogenation using separate reaction products of the same process (RF Patent No. 2110553, IPC C10G 1/06, publ. 05/10/1998 g). The disadvantage of this fuel is its high cost, due to the complexity of the technology for its production, the duration of the process, low productivity due to the need for hydrogenation of coal, which is carried out periodically in an autoclave, for a long time, using catalysts, ultrasonic treatment, at high pressure and high temperature.

A known method (AS USSR No. 1151770, IPC F23K 1/02, publ. 04/23/1985) preparing low-reaction coal for burning by grinding it in a mill with simultaneous treatment with an apolar reagent and mixing with water; separation of a large fraction on a sieve; heat treatment to partially remove the apolar reagent from the granules; with the addition of a plasticizer for the stability of a water-coal suspension (WCS).

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the process, multi-stage and the use of expensive reagents (plasticizers).

Closest to the proposed invention in technical essence is a method for producing water-coal fuel and its composition (RF Patent No. 2277120, IPC C10L 5/32, publ. 05.27.2006), in which pre-enriched coal sludge is used as coal, as plasticizer use sodium humate in the following ratio of components,% wt .:

coal-oil granules 60-64 sodium humate 0.6-1.28 water 34.72-39.4

The disadvantage of this method lies in the regional dependence on the source of raw materials for the preparation of fuel, in the possibility of using the method only in regions where the coal industry is developed and a decrease in economic efficiency in the case of transportation of the resulting fuel over long distances.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to obtain water-carbon fuel with low ash and sulfur content, prepared from a concentrate of solid carbon residue of pyrolysis of tires, which will more fully utilize waste tires and improve the environmental situation in the regions.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the carbonaceous fuel comprising a carbon-containing component, sodium humate and water, according to the invention, contains as a carbon-containing component a solid carbon residue of tire pyrolysis with an initial ash content of 11.40-11.66%, sulfur content of 1.2% wt., pre-crushed to a particle size of 0.1 mm and enriched by oil sintering, while the reagent for enrichment uses the liquid fraction of tire pyrolysis in an amount of 4.0-6.0% by weight of water used for enrichment Nia, the following component ratio, wt. %:

carbon granules  60-64 sodium humate  0.6-1.28 water  34.72-39.4

For the preparation of water-carbon fuel, the solid residue of tire pyrolysis with an initial ash content of 11.40-11.66%, sulfur content of 1.2 wt. % is crushed to a particle size of 0.1 mm, enriched at the plant by the method of oil sintering to obtain deeply enriched concentrates.

The solid tire pyrolysis residue is finely dispersed, with a particle size of less than 1 mm. By the amount of ash, the solid carbon residue of tire pyrolysis refers to mid-ash waste, which prevents its use.

Since the solid residue of tire pyrolysis is finely dispersed (<1 mm), the optimal method for its enrichment is oil sintering. The main advantages of the oil agglomeration method include high selectivity in the separation of particles less than 100 microns (which is typical for coke dust), a wide range of coal ash content, the ability to carry out the process at a pulp density of up to 600 g / l, additional dehydration of the concentrate by displacing water with oil during formation coal oil granules.

Technical or drinking water is poured into the tank, the crushed solid residue of tire pyrolysis is loaded. Before visual mixing for 1-2 minutes, intensive mixing of the solid residue of the pyrolysis of tires and water is carried out using a paddle mixer connected to the engine. Stirring for more than 3 minutes is impractical. In order to avoid the formation of a "funnel", which reduces the intensity of mixing, special barriers are installed in the tank. Then add a liquid fraction of tire pyrolysis in an amount of 4.0-6.0% to the mass of water used for enrichment, and mix for another 5-8 minutes. Stirring for less than 5 min does not lead to the formation of oil agglomerates, since the hydrocarbon reagent does not have time to completely wet the surface of the dust particles. An increase in mixing time of more than 8 minutes is impractical, since additional energy is consumed.

As a result of turbulization of the pulp (a mixture of water, a solid residue of pyrolysis of tires and a reagent), oil aggregates are selectively formed, which are compacted, structurally transformed into durable spherical granules, while the fuel gets rid of ballast - mineral impurities. The ash content of the obtained concentrates does not exceed 4.5-5.5% wt., Sulfur content - 0.2% wt., Which indicates the acceptability of the obtained concentrates for use in the energy sector; a high yield of the product (up to 84% wt.) and lower ash content and sulfur content of the concentrates are due to the complete separation of the organic and mineral parts of the solid residue of tire pyrolysis in the process of enrichment by oil sintering.

At the outlet of the installation, a concentrate is obtained with the following characteristics (table 1).

The resulting concentrate with granules of 2-3 mm is separated on a sieve with cells of 0.5 mm from water and mineral impurities. Then the granules enter a ball mill, where water and a stabilizing reagent are supplied, i.e. carry out wet grinding, which is an explosion, fireproof and environmentally sound process.

As a stabilizing reagent, sodium humate is used in an amount of 1-2% by weight of the enriched concentrate. Wet grinding is carried out for 20-25 minutes to obtain particles less than 0.25 mm in size.

The resulting suspension from the mill enters a sieve-classifier with 0.25 mm cells. The output of granules less than 0.25 mm is 90.1-99.91%. The sublattice product is a water-carbon fuel containing% (wt.):

carbon granules  60-64 sodium humate  0.6-1.28 water  34.72-39.4

The stability of the obtained water-carbon fuel is maintained for 30-40 days at a viscosity of 0.6-0.8 Pa · s.

Hydrocarbon fuel has the following technical characteristics (table 2).

Example 1

The solid residue of tire pyrolysis is enriched in an experimental setup using the oil sintering method to obtain deeply enriched concentrates.

850 ml of technical or drinking water is poured into the container, a solid residue of tire pyrolysis of 200 g is loaded. Intensive mixing of the solid residue of tire pyrolysis and water is carried out for 1-2 minutes using a paddle mixer connected to the engine. In order to avoid the formation of a "funnel", which reduces the intensity of mixing, special barriers are installed in the tank. Then add a hydrocarbon reagent (liquid fraction of tire pyrolysis) in an amount of 42.5 ml and mix for another 5-8 minutes.

At the outlet of the installation, a concentrate is obtained with the following characteristics (table 3).

The resulting concentrate with granules of 2-3 mm is separated on a sieve with cells of 0.5 mm from water and the mineral part. Then the granules enter a ball mill, where water and a stabilizing reagent are supplied, i.e. carry out wet grinding.

As a stabilizing reagent, sodium humate is used in an amount of 1-2% by weight of the enriched concentrate. Wet grinding is carried out for 20-25 minutes to obtain particles less than 0.25 mm in size.

The resulting suspension from the mill enters a sieve-classifier with 0.25 mm cells. The output of granules less than 0.25 mm is 90.1-99.91%.

The output is a water-carbon fuel acceptable for direct combustion, the technical characteristics of which are presented in table 4.

Example 2. The solid residue of tire pyrolysis is enriched in an experimental setup using the oil sintering method to obtain deeply enriched concentrates.

Technical or drinking water with a volume of 1000 ml is poured into the container, a solid residue of tire pyrolysis of 200 g is loaded. Intensive mixing of the solid residue of tire pyrolysis and water is carried out for 1-2 minutes using a paddle mixer connected to the engine. In order to avoid the formation of a "funnel", which reduces the intensity of mixing, special barriers are installed in the tank. Then add a hydrocarbon reagent (liquid fraction of tire pyrolysis) in an amount of 42.5 ml and mix for another 5-8 minutes.

At the exit from the installation, they do not receive concentrate, because the increase in humidity and viscosity of the initial mass taken for enrichment does not allow it to be obtained.

Example 3. The solid residue of tire pyrolysis is enriched in an experimental setup using the oil sintering method to obtain deeply enriched concentrates.

850 ml of technical or drinking water is poured into the container, a solid residue of pyrolysis of tires weighing 200 g is loaded. For 1-2 minutes. Intensive mixing of coke dust and water is carried out using a paddle mixer connected to the engine. In order to avoid the formation of a "funnel", which reduces the intensity of mixing, special barriers are installed in the tank. Then add a hydrocarbon reagent (liquid fraction of tire pyrolysis) in an amount of 8.5 ml and mix for another 5-8 minutes.

At the outlet from the installation, no concentrate is obtained; the amount of hydrocarbon reagent (liquid fraction of tire pyrolysis) is not enough to obtain the concentrate.

Thus, the recommended composition allows to obtain high-quality water-carbon fuel from waste - a solid residue of tire pyrolysis.

Utilization of the solid residue of tire pyrolysis will improve the environmental situation, expand the raw material base for energy through the use of alternative fuels.

Claims (1)

Hydrocarbon fuel comprising a carbon-containing component, sodium humate and water, characterized in that it contains a solid carbon residue of tire pyrolysis of carbon with an initial ash content of 11.40-11.66%, sulfur content of 1.2% by weight, pre-crushed to coarseness particles 0.1 mm and enriched by oil sintering, while the reagent for enrichment uses the liquid fraction of tire pyrolysis in an amount of 4.0-6.0% by weight of water used for enrichment, in the following ratio of components % wt .:
carbon granules 60-64 sodium humate 0.6-1.28 water 34.72-39.4