RU2602472C1 - Drying plant for vegetal and animal origin products - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building and can be used in agriculture, food, pharmaceutical and other industries for efficient drying of vegetal and animal origin products. Drying plant has form of racks open on all sides and includes at least two coupled identical structural units arranged one above another. Structural unit includes four posts with tray and infrared radiators attached to them at corners. Each higher structural unit is installed with possibility to displace relative to lower structure unit to control distance between trays by height; for this purpose coaxial openings are made with lock pin installation in them for fixation on required distance depending on dried product moisture content and size.

EFFECT: invention shall ensure vegetal and animal origin products quality drying.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in agriculture, food, pharmaceutical and other sectors of the economy for high-quality drying of plant and animal products with different moisture contents. In particular, such products include greens, mushrooms, berries, fish, meat, including spoiled products (waste), which, after drying, can be processed into highly effective protein feed for animals and poultry.

A known drying unit (RU 2049295 C1, IPC F26B 9/06, publ. 11/27/1995), including a housing, tray, tray and system of upper, lower and side branches of various shapes, IR emitters, 3 pieces each tier.

The disadvantages of the known device are:

- firstly, the intense rate of exposure to infrared radiation leads to overheating of the product and the loss of some of the nutrients of the latter during drying, as well as the formation of a hard deformed crust, which is mainly a waste during subsequent processing or use;

- secondly, the presence of IR emitters of 3 pieces in each tier separately from the pallets of the trays limits the loading of the product for drying in height, which reduces the performance of the dryer.

Closest to the claimed invention in technical essence and the achieved result is a dryer for vegetable food products (RU 2034489 C1, IPC F23B 7/02, publ. 11/27/1995).

This dryer contains a chamber, trays, infrared emitters, air ducts, reflectors, pressure peaks, swirls, a guide screen and ventilation means for input and output of the drying agent.

The disadvantages of this radiation dryer for plant foods are:

1. The low productivity of the installation, due to the enclosed space (case) of the dryer and, accordingly, the restriction on the number of loaded material.

2. The intense rate of exposure to the drying agent and the enclosed space of the dryer lead to overheating of the product and loss of some of the nutrients of the latter during drying.

3. The structural complexity of the dryer, due to the presence of various additional devices.

The objective of the invention is to improve the drying quality of products of plant and animal origin due to the open working space, in which there is a smooth diffusion of moisture into the air and the absence of overheating of the product; as well as the ability to adjust the distance between the trays in height depending on the degree of humidity and the size of the product.

The task is achieved due to the fact that the drying installation for products of plant and animal origin, containing trays, infrared emitters placed under the trays so that a uniform distribution of the heating temperature of the processed product over the area of the trays is provided, unlike the prototype, it has the form open with all sides of the whatnot and includes at least two connected identical structural units located one above the other; each structural unit includes four racks with a tray fixed to them in the corners and IR emitters, each rack consists of upper and lower parts, which are hollow bars that enter one another, for which the lower bar has a larger cross section than the upper, bars rigidly interconnected at the level of fastening the tray with a bolted connection; each superior structural unit is installed with the possibility of movement relative to the lower structural unit to adjust the distance between the trays in height, the lower bar of the upper part of the structural unit with a large cross section is installed (put on) on the upper bar with a smaller cross section of the lower structural unit, and coaxial are made in the bars holes with the installation of a locking finger in them for fastening the bars to each other at the required distance depending on the degree of humidity and the size of the drying product, the tray can be made in the form of a frame rigidly connected in the form of a rectangle of corners and attached to the transverse crossbars on which are placed IR emitters made in the form of a film electric heater. The number of identical structural units that are stacked on top of each other is limited by the amount of product to be dried and the area of the room, and the connection of infrared emitters to a power source is carried out through the same type of connectors.

A new set of essential features of a technical solution allows for high-quality drying of products of plant and animal origin, in addition:

- due to the location of the trays in the form of an open (without side walls) rack, there is a smooth diffusion of moisture into the air and natural convective drying, which helps preserve the nutrients of the dried product and raw materials for subsequent processing;

- the developed drying design allows you to adjust the distance between the trays in height depending on the degree of moisture and the size of the product;

- due to the uniform arrangement of the sources of infrared radiation, the products are uniformly heated: from above with infrared rays from a higher tray and from below with uniformly heated trays from thermal radiation emitted by infrared emitters.

The proposed dryer is simple to install and install. For its operation, open shelves are required on all sides, including at least two connected identical structural units located one above the other. Each structural unit includes four racks with a tray fixed to them in the corners and IR emitters.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a drying unit.

In FIG. 2 - view A, top view.

In FIG. 3 - view B, end view.

The proposed technical solution includes at least two connected identical structural nodes (Fig. 1) located parallel to each other at a distance above each other, consisting of nodes I and II.

Each structural unit (Fig. 2) includes four racks with a tray 3 fixed to them at the corners and IR emitters 7 (Fig. 1).

Each rack (Fig. 1) consists of the upper 1 and lower 2 parts, which are hollow bars falling into one another, for which the lower bar 2 has a larger cross section than the upper 1. The bars 1 and 2 are rigidly interconnected by bolt connection 5 at the level of fastening of the tray 3. The superior structural unit II is mounted with the possibility of movement relative to the lower structural unit I to adjust the distance between the trays 3 in height. Why is the lower block 2 of the upper part of the structural unit II with a large cross section installed (put on) on the upper block 1 with a smaller cross section of the lower structural unit I, and in the bars made coaxial holes 9 (Fig. 3) with the installation of the locking finger 6 for fastening at the required distance depending on the degree of humidity and the size of the product being dried 10. In this case, the tray 3 can be made in the form of a frame of corners rigidly connected in the shape of a rectangle and attached to them with cross bars 4, s has IR emitters 7, made in the form of film electric heater.

The drying unit works as follows: the structural unit I (the lowest) is installed on a flat area of the base 8 and loaded with the product of plant or animal origin 10 to be dried, then using the upper 1 and lower 2 hollow bars of the structural unit I, the next structural unit II is installed and so on Further. Depending on the degree of humidity and the size of the dried product 10, the required distance between the structural units is set by moving them and installing the locking finger 6 in one of the holes made in the bars depending on the required distance.

The number of structural units is determined primarily by the amount of product of plant or animal origin to be dried.

After installing all the structural units I and II, the dryer is connected to a power source. Electrical connections of structural units I and II are not indicated in the figures. The product of plant or animal origin is heated by direct infrared radiation emanating from the structural unit II, and thermal radiation (convective heating) emanating from the structural unit I.

The number of structural units with products for drying due to the proposed design of the dryer can be unlimited. In this connection, the developed dryer will allow loading a large volume of product for drying at a time. Thus, the proposed drying installation has greater productivity than a dryer with a closed drying space (dryer body).

In addition, the placement of trays in the form of a rack open on the sides during drying leads to the rapid movement of warm and cold air, which does not contribute to overheating of the product and the formation of crust due to the open working space, in which there is a smooth diffusion of moisture into the air and the absence of overheating of the product .

The use of the invention allows to improve the quality of drying products of plant and animal origin. The versatility, simplicity and reliability of the design will reduce the cost of production and get additional profit by reducing energy costs.

Claims (2)

1. A drying installation for products of plant and animal origin, containing trays, infrared emitters placed under the trays so as to ensure uniform distribution of the heating temperature of the processed product over the area of the trays, characterized in that it has the form of an open shelf on all sides and does not include less than two connected identical structural nodes located one above the other; each structural unit includes four racks with a tray fixed to them in the corners and IR emitters, each rack consists of upper and lower parts, which are hollow bars that enter one another, for which the lower bar has a larger cross section than the upper, bars rigidly interconnected at the level of the tray; each superior structural unit is installed with the possibility of movement relative to the lower structural unit to adjust the distance between the trays in height, the lower bar of the upper part of the structural unit with a large cross section is installed on the upper bar with a smaller cross section of the lower structural unit, and coaxial holes are made in the bars with installation in them a locking finger for fastening the bars to each other at the required distance, depending on the degree of humidity and size, is dried of the product. 2. The dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the tray can be made in the form of a frame of corners rigidly connected in the shape of a rectangle and transverse crossbars attached to them, on which IR emitters are arranged, made in the form of a film electric heater.

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