RU2600172C1 - Method of recharging automatic firearms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to small arms, namely to a method of recharging automatic firearms. Method includes removal of an empty case after a shot and ramming home the next cartridge from the magazine into the cartridge chamber of the barrel. During shooting the powder gas enters a gas chamber arranged parallel to the barrel through a side hole in the barrel and comes into a rigidly connected with the barrel gas tube where it provides pressure on two pistons. One piston moves the movable barrel forward in the shot direction, and the second one moving in the opposite direction cocks the hammer. Removal of the empty case is provided by a spring extractor located on the housing of the weapon. Barrel is brought back to the initial position by a return spring. Next cartridge from the magazine is rammed home into the cartridge chamber of the barrel when the barrel returns to the initial position.

EFFECT: provided is higher accuracy of fire and simpler design of the weapon.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to automatic firearms, namely, small arms self-loading weapons, and is aimed at improving the design and reloading process of automatic firearms.

State of the art

The following self-loading pistols and machine guns are known from the prior art (see. “Victory Arms”, V.I. Novikov, Moscow, “Mechanical Engineering”, 1987, “Small Arms”, K. Bishop, Omega CJSC, Moscow, 2003 d.): Tula, Tokareva (TT) (GRAU index - 56-A-132), Makarova (GRAU index - 56-A-125), Colt, Browning, Walter R38, Kalashnikova (AK) (GRAU index - 56- A-212), Shpagin submachine gun (PPSh), MP40.

In the above self-loading pistols and machine guns, reloading of weapons is carried out as a result of the initial movement of the free shutter or bolt, coupled with the barrel or body of the weapon, in the direction opposite to the direction of the shot.

The prior art method for assembling the mechanism of a semi-free casing with a shutter and a barrel according to the invention patent RU 2531997 C1, IPC F41A 3/86, publ. 10/27/2014, characterized in that the casing in the breech section is equipped with support protrusions along the perimeter, and the shutter is provided with corresponding cutouts, which, when the shutter is introduced, are perpendicular to the axis of the barrel fixed in the support protrusions of the casing, and a single return spring has the same effect on both moving parts that are moved at equal distances, and the kinematic connection is presented as a guide rod, made in the form of a two-way spiral with the same pitch of turns, passing from the middle to the edges, which when the interacting through rectangular openings bottom casing tube with a closure and stem the tide provides simultaneous movement on it at equal distances with the same speed with the shutter housing and barrel in different directions.

The prior art self-loading pistol according to the patent for the invention RU 2453787 C1, IPC F41C 3/00, publ. 06/20/2012, which includes a frame, a barrel, a free bolt with a trigger mechanism and a spring-loaded larva, a magazine and a return spring, while the barrel is mounted in a frame with the possibility of longitudinal movement together with the bolt and the bolt larva so that their impact in extreme rear position about the frame occurs sequentially, and the shutter has a protrusion for sequential interaction with the barrel and the frame, and the force of the barrel spring is much greater than the force of the return spring.

The prior art automatic weapons according to the patent for utility model RU 105979 U1, IPC F41A 27/04, publ. 06/27/2011, containing a receiver installed in the casing and consisting of a barrel and a receiver, guides are made on the receiver, the supporting surfaces of which are located in a horizontal plane passing through the axis of the barrel, and grooves are made in the casing, corresponding in shape to the guides of the receiver boxes.

The prior art system for automatically unlocking the shutter according to the patent for utility model RU 92524 U1, IPC F41A 3/64, publ. 03/20/2010, comprising a receiver, a barrel, a bolt, a return spring, while the barrel is movable, and the bolt is equipped with a sliding mechanism consisting of two levers connected by a roller with the ability to move along an additional guide installed inside the receiver, the end of one lever being connected with the barrel, and the end of the other with the bolt.

The disadvantages of the above technical solutions include low firing accuracy due to the imbalance of weapons, due to significant displacements of large masses of weapons.

The closest analogue of the invention is an automatic firearm with improved compensation for the operation of automation, known from the publication WO 2014/046571 A1, IPC F41A 3/78, F41A 5/18, F41C 7/00, F41C 3/00, publ. 03/27/2014, containing a reloading mechanism, providing the supply of a cartridge in the chamber and removing the cartridge case after firing.

The disadvantages of the closest analogue include the complexity of the design, since it requires the use of special measures in the design to eliminate gas breakthroughs when using high-power cartridges.

Disclosure of invention

The problem solved by the claimed invention is the development of a method for reloading automatic weapons, in which it is possible to use a simple design of automatic firearms using high-power cartridges.

The problem is solved by a method of reloading automatic weapons, including removing the spent cartridge case after firing and sending another cartridge from the magazine to the barrel chamber, while in accordance with the invention, when fired, the powder gas penetrates the gas chamber located parallel to the barrel through the side hole in the barrel and the gas tube is rigidly connected with the barrel and exerts pressure on two pistons, one of which moves the movable barrel of the weapon forward in the direction of the shot, and the other, moving about brotherly direction, cocking the trigger, and the removal of the spent sleeve is provided by a spring ejector located on the weapon body, the barrel is returned to its original position by a return spring, and the next cartridge from the magazine is sent to the barrel chamber when the barrel is returned to its original position.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the claimed invention is to increase the accuracy of shooting due to the fact that during the shot during the whole time the bullet moves along the bore there are no significant displacements of large masses, i.e. the unbalancing of the weapon does not occur, and also due to the reduction of the weapon's upward rotation under the influence of the pressure of the powder gases through the bottom of the sleeve on the body, because by design features, the axis of the barrel is closer to the center of mass of the weapon.

Another technical result is that, in comparison with traditional reloading methods, with the same barrel length, the longitudinal size of the weapon can be shorter by at least the length of the equipped cartridge.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows the initial state of the weapon before firing;

in FIG. 2 - the position of the moving parts of the weapon after passing through the bullet holes of the exhaust channel;

in FIG. 3 - trunk;

in FIG. 4 - an enlarged image of the barrel from the chamber;

in FIG. 5 is an enlarged image of a spring ejector;

in FIG. 6 - the location of the spring ejector, while the arrow shows the initial direction of movement of the barrel;

in FIG. 7 - spring ejector in a free state.

The implementation of the invention

In FIG. 1 shows a method for reloading an automatic firearm. After hitting the trigger 1 on the hammer 12, the capsule is broken and the powder charge of the cartridge 11 located in the barrel 10 is set on fire.

Under the pressure of the powder gases, the bullet moves along the bore, and after the bullet passes the openings of the gas outlet channel 8, the powder gases through this channel penetrate into the gas chamber 6 and begin to exert pressure on the gas pistons 5 and 7.

Under the action of pressure on the gas piston 7, the barrel moves forward, compressing the return spring 9, while the spring ejector attached to the weapon body 3 (see Fig. 5) removes the fired sleeve from the chamber.

At the same time, the gas piston 5 begins to move backward, compresses the return spring 4, and the rod 2 rigidly connected to it cockes the trigger 1.

The position of the moving parts of the weapon after the bullet passes through the vent hole is shown in FIG. 2, where g are the gaseous products of the combustion of gunpowder.

Next, the next cartridge comes from the magazine, which rests against the cartridge feed limiter 19 (see Figs. 3 and 4). Compressed return spring 9, the barrel moves back to its original position, while the next cartridge is sent to the barrel chamber. The cocking cock returns to its original position with a compressed spring 4.

Now the weapon is reloaded and ready for a new shot.

The movable barrel (see Fig. 3) is a single part and its main purpose is to inform the pool of the necessary speed, direction and rotation. In addition, it performs the following functions:

- channel 8 in the gas tube 13 discharges powder gases into the gas chamber;

- gas piston 7 moves the barrel forward;

- when reloading, the limiter 19 fixes the position of the next cartridge coming from the store;

- the ground 20, 21 and 22, machined in the limiter (see Fig. 4), set the necessary deviation of the spring ejector (Fig. 5);

- groove 18 provides the initial engagement of the spring ejector for the annular groove in the bottom of the cartridge case;

- when the barrel moves back to its original position, sections 17 facilitate the separation of the next cartridge from the remaining cartridges in the store;

- the handle 14 allows you to manually carry out the initial charging or reloading of weapons;

- the handle may be the front of the trigger guard.

The spring ejector (see FIG. 5) is a hardened part and is curved in the free state, as shown in FIG. 7. The ejector is fixed on the body of the weapon in the region of the drummer (see Fig. 6) and the beveled front part freely enters the slot 18 cut through the barrel (see Figs. 3 and 4). In front of the ejector is a protrusion 23, which allows to engage in an annular groove in the bottom of the sleeve and remove the sleeve from the chamber. In addition, in the front part there is a cylindrical protrusion 24. When the barrel moves, the protrusion slides along the platforms 20, 21 and 22, grooved in the limiter (see Fig. 4) and changes the deflection of the spring ejector. While on site 20, the ejector is in a central position and is engaged with the sleeve. At site 21, the ejector tilts down and throws the sleeve outside the arms. At site 22, the ejector deflects upward and does not prevent another cartridge from entering the magazine.

It is known that in weapons with a free shutter do not use powerful powder charges. This is due to the fact that during the shot, under the influence of very high pressure of the powder gases, the bolt manages to move a distance greater than the size of the spent sleeve, even before the bullet leaves the barrel. As a result, a gas breakthrough occurs from the chamber chamber and the energy of the powder charge is not fully used. In numerous designs of modern weapons, this drawback is eliminated by the use of various rather complicated methods: shutter lag, bolt engagement with the movable barrel, bolt engagement with the gun body, etc.

In the axial direction, the gas pressure force does not act on the movable barrel of the weapon and it carries forward, in the direction of the shot, only the friction force (F _Tr ) of the bullet against the barrel channel. The friction force is much less than the pressure force of the powder gases (F _gas ) acting on the bullet and, through the bottom of the sleeve, on the weapon body.

If in a first approximation we assume that during the entire movement of the bullet along the bore, the forces listed above are constant, and neglect the force of action of the return spring on the barrel (F _CR ), then it is easy to show that when the bullet is shifted by the barrel length (x ₁ ), the barrel while shifting forward by the amount:

, где m₁ и m₂ - массы пули и ствола соответственно.

where m ₁ and m ₂ are the masses of the bullet and the barrel, respectively.

For powerful cartridges with nitroglycerin powder, which develop a barrel pressure of up to P = 3000 kg / cm ² (see “Artillery and Missiles”, Military Publishing House of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, Moscow, 1968, p. 150), one can approximately estimate the value of the possible displacement of the barrel after the shot, setting the following specific (fairly close to real) weapon parameters:

- mass of a bullet m ₁ = 10 g = 10 ^-2 [kg];

- bullet diameter d = 9 mm = 9 · 10 ^-3 [m];

- trunk mass m ₂ = 200 g = 0.2 [kg];

- barrel length x ₁ = 15 cm = 1.5 · 10 ^-1 [m];

- pressure force of the powder gases F _gas = P · πd ² / 4≈2000 kg ≈2 · 10 ⁴ [N];

- the friction force of the bullet on the bore F _Tr = 100 kg ≈10 ³ [N].

Using the formula proposed above, at the time the bullet exits the barrel, we obtain the magnitude of the barrel displacement x ₂ ≈0.4 mm.

It should be noted that the obtained estimate of the displacement value is overestimated, since the value of the friction force of the bullet about the bore channel F _Tr = 100 kg incorporated in the calculation is clearly large. In addition, the calculation did not take into account the force of action on the barrel return spring (F _CR ), which should also slightly reduce the offset of the barrel.

Such a small amount of displacement allows us to conclude that when using powerful cartridges, the proposed method of reloading does not require the use of special measures in the design to eliminate gas breakthrough during the shot.

Claims (1)

A method for reloading automatic firearms, which includes removing the spent cartridge case after firing and sending another cartridge from the magazine to the barrel chamber, characterized in that, when fired, the powder gas penetrates the gas chamber located parallel to the barrel through a side opening in the barrel and gas tightly connected to the barrel the tube and exerts pressure on two pistons, one of which moves the moving barrel of the weapon forward in the direction of the shot, and the other, moving in the opposite direction, cockes , The removal of spent cartridges is provided disposed on the housing ejector spring arms, the stem returning to its original position the return spring is implemented, and the next cartridge from the magazine shall be sent into the chamber of the barrel when the barrel return to its original position.

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