RU2697472C1 - Method of thermo-oxidative coking and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: coke-chemical industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in coke-chemical industry during production of coke. Thermal oxidative treatment of coal raw material is carried out in a chamber of thermo-oxidative coking, separated by a screen-partition with a swirling bend into two coking zones. At first coking zone drying and heating of coal with temperature of 380–400 °C is carried out, at the second coking zone performing the thermal-oxidative treatment at temperature of 1,000–1,200 °C, thermal exposure is carried out for 2.5–4 hours with gradual cooling in it to 200–400 °C. Subsequent cooling is carried out with water to temperature of 80–100 °C. Device comprises accumulation bin 1, nutrient bin 2, top 5 and bottom 6 grate bars, subbrellal blasting holes 8, exhaust gases removal system 10, thermal oxidative coking chamber divided into two coking zones by screen-partition 11 with swirling bend 12. Between upper 5 and lower 6 grates thermal curing chamber 15 is located.

EFFECT: disclosed inventions provide reliability during operation, higher efficiency and quality of produced coke.

6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of ferrous metallurgy, in particular to the heat treatment of coal, and can be; used in the coke industry in the production of coke.

Known methods of thermo-oxidative coking, including the supply of coal raw materials to the zone of thermo-oxidative coking, thermo-oxidative treatment of coal raw materials by heating coal raw materials with the formation of volatile chemical products, burning and their further removal by the exhaust gas removal system, thermal aging after thermal-oxidative treatment, cooling and unloading of coke, (see RF patent No. 2350643 for IPC СВВ 47/40, publ. 03/27/2009, and RF patent No. 2413748 for IPC СВВ 39/02, publ. 03/10/2011).

The closest in technical essence are the method of thermo-oxidative coking and the device of thermo-oxidative coking (see RF patent No. 2350643 according to IPC СВВ 47/40, publ. 03/27/2009).

The known method of thermo-oxidative coking includes supplying coal raw materials to a zone of thermo-oxidizing coking, thermo-oxidizing treatment of coal raw materials by heating coal raw materials with the formation of volatile chemical products, burning and their further removal by the exhaust gas removal system, thermal aging after thermal-oxidative treatment, cooling and unloading of coke, moreover, the heating of coal raw materials is carried out to a temperature of 1100 ° C by radiation of several optical quantum generators a high energy density of lasers located above the upper grate, to produce coke and gases removed from the thermooxidizing coking chamber, and the known thermooxidizing coking device contains a feed hopper with an outlet window, upper and lower grate grates, a thermooxidizing coking chamber located above the upper grate a lattice, under which there is a thermal exposure chamber, several optical quantum generators are located above the upper grate in high energy density - lasers.

The disadvantages of the known method of thermo-oxidative coking and thermo-oxidative coking devices are the high capital costs of equipping them with high-density optical quantum generators - lasers, their costly maintenance and enormous energy costs, have low ergonomics and reliability, high energy consumption, require additional operating costs, complicating operation.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce capital and operating costs, ensure reliability during operation, increase profitability, productivity, expand operational capabilities and the technological regime depending on the quantity and quality of the raw coal feed, improve the quality of coke produced by regulating the temperature regime by means of under-the-head blasting and vortex flows of burning gases in the coking zone.

The technical result is achieved in that in a method comprising supplying coal feed from a feed hopper through an exhaust window to a coking zone of a thermooxidizing coking chamber, thermally oxidizing treating a coal feed by heating coal feed with surface ignition and subsequent combustion of volatile substances, removing exhaust gases through a removal system, thermal aging after thermal oxidative treatment, cooling and unloading of coke, according to the invention, thermal oxidative treatment angle of raw materials is carried out in the presence of podkolosniki blasting flows in a thermooxidizing coking chamber divided by a baffle-screen with a swirl bend into two coking zones, and on the first coking zone from the outlet window, drying and surface ignition of coal raw materials with a temperature of 380-400 ° C with podkolosnikovy blasting are carried out a mixture of atmospheric air, and in the next second coking zone of the chamber of thermooxidative coking carry out thermooxidation treatment at a temperature of 1000-1200 ° C which is supported by podkolosnikom blasting and swirling flows of burning gases that are constantly directed in the process of thermal oxidation treatment by swirl bending to the surface of the processed layer of coal raw materials, thus obtaining a semi-finished product in the form of semi-coke, which is fed at this temperature to the thermal exposure chamber for thermal exposure for 2.5-4 hours for the final removal of volatile substances and increase structural strength with gradual cooling in it to 400-200 ° C, and after release ska to the lower grate the subsequent cooling to a temperature of 100-80 ° C by means of a finely divided water supply. In a thermooxidizing coking device for implementing a method comprising a storage hopper, a feed hopper with an outlet window, a coking zone of a thermooxidizing coking chamber with the possibility of heating a coal layer with surface ignition, an upper and lower grate, between which there is a thermal holding chamber and an exhaust gas removal system, according to the invention, it is equipped with a supply system of podkolosnik blast with podkolosnik blast windows, a system for removing waste ha the call is equipped with a blasting window for atmospheric air admixture to reduce the temperature and concentration of exhaust gases and is made with the possibility of adjusting the flow rate of exhaust gases, the upper and lower grate grids are equipped in the middle parts with trim strips fixed with a gap from the surface of the grate grids, the thermooxidizing coking chamber is equipped with a partition a screen with a swirl bend away from the outlet window, dividing the thermal oxidative coking chamber into two coking zones, Under the first coking zone, there is a sub-gland blasting window for mixing atmospheric air into the first coking zone. The first coking zone is one third of the entire coking zone of the thermooxidizing coking chamber. The gap between the cutting strips and the grate is 10-15 mm. Above the lower grate there are nozzles for dispersed water supply. The screen partition is an internal partition of a certain configuration with the possibility of creating swirling flows of burning gases interacting with the layer surface

The diagram shows a thermal oxidative coking device.

The device comprises a storage hopper 1, communicating with the feed hopper 2, made with the exhaust window 3, equipped with a control shutter 4, the upper 5 and lower 6 grate, made in the form of plate conveyors, blast channels 7 and podkolosovny blast windows 8 of the supply system podkolosnogo blast 9 as well as an exhaust system 10.

Above the upper grate 5, a thermooxidizing coking chamber is located, equipped with a baffle-screen 11 with a swirl bend 12 to the side of the outlet window, dividing the thermooxidizing coking chamber into two coking zones, forming the first coking zone 13, which makes up the third part of the entire coking zone of the thermooxidizing coking chamber and the second coking zone 14. The partition screen 11 is made of a certain configuration, achieved experimentally and by testing.

A thermal holding chamber 15 is located between the upper 5 and lower 6 grate grids. The upper 5 and lower 6 grate grates in the middle part are equipped with cutting transverse bars 16 and 17 installed from the surface of the grate grates with a gap of 10-15 mm.

The exhaust gas removal system 10 is provided with a shutter for adjusting the flow rate 18 and a blow window for mixing atmospheric air 19 to cool the exhaust gases to a temperature of 250-200 ° C. Under the upper grate 5 there is a sub-grate blasting window for mixing atmospheric air 20 into the first coking zone 13.

At the end of the lower grate 6, there is a coke unloading table 21 and a coke conveying conveyor 22. The upper 5 and lower 6 grate grates are configured to control their speed in a wide range. Above the lower grate, nozzles for dispersed water supply are located (not shown in the drawing).

Obtaining coke using the proposed method and thermal oxidative coking device is as follows.

Polydisperse non-deficient non-sintering and / or weakly sintering lump coals of various fractions are used as feedstock.

Coal feed from the storage hopper 1 is gradually moving under its weight down into the feed hopper 2 and through the outlet 3 is fed to the upper grate 5. The coal feed is ignited one-time by using a manual gas burner. In the first coking zone 13, drying and surface ignition of coal is carried out, uniform baking of the entire layer of raw materials is ensured, with a temperature of 380-400 ° C, which is regulated by under-grate blasting and a change in the flow rate of the outgoing gases.

Through the podkolosnik blasting window of a mixture of atmospheric air 20 and podkoloskovy blasting windows 8, the podkoloskovy blast enters the zone of thermooxidizing coking, forming several sections in the coking zone of the thermooxidizing coking chamber above the podkosnikovy blasting windows 8 that have a certain effect on the thermooxidizing process.

Podkolosniki blasting windows 8 affect all parts of both halves of the coking zone of the thermooxidizing coking chamber, and in the first coking zone 13, the process of drying, surface ignition and heating of coal to a temperature of 380-400 ° C, also achieved by mixing atmospheric air through the podkosnikovoy a blast window of a mixture of atmospheric air 20. Drying and surface ignition of coal in the first coking zone 13 ensures uniform baking of the coal raw material layer.

In the second coking zone 14, the temperature rises to 1000-1200 ° C, at which the thermal-oxidizing coking process occurs, followed by exposure in the thermal holding chamber 15 for 2.5-4 hours, depending on the brand of coal.

At the moment of blowing into the podkolosnik blast windows of the first coking zone 13, surface combustion and subsequent combustion of volatile substances occurs.The thermal destruction of coal leads to the release of gaseous volatile substances from coal, which, in turn, as the most reactive, burn out, ensuring the coking process is autogenous.

When moving the upper grate 5, the cutting cross bar 16 cuts and mixes the coal raw material layer with the separation of volatile gases to more evenly distribute combustion on the surface of the upper grate 5, providing uniform baking of the entire raw material layer. In the second coking zone 14 of the thermooxidizing coking chamber, air supply of the podkolosnogo blast is used to control the temperature in the thermoxidizing coking chamber up or down, providing better baking. Thanks to the baffle-screen 11 with a swirl bend 12, vortex flows are formed in the second coking zone, which, being pressed against the surface of the layer of processed coal, together with the podkolosnik blast maintain at a certain level a predetermined temperature regime within 1000-1200 ° С.

The flue gases generated during coking are removed through the exhaust gas removal system 10 due to natural draft, and the atmospheric air entering the system through the blow window to mix the atmospheric air 19 dilutes the hot gases with cold air and their temperature drops to 250-200 ° C.

In the thermal holding chamber 15 for 2.5-4 hours, into which the coke enters with a temperature of 1000-1200 ° C, there is an increase in the structural strength of coke by calcination without oxygen.

The movement of raw materials in the chamber thermal exposure 15 occurs due to its own mass. Gradually moving in the direction of the lower grate 6, the coke is cooled by means of internal tubular cooling screens (not shown in the drawing) to a temperature of 400-200 ° C. After thermal exposure, the coke enters the lower grate 6, followed by dispersed cooling of the coke with water to a temperature of 100-80 ° C by means of dispersed water nozzles located above the lower grate 6 (not shown in the diagram). The cutting transverse bar 16 provides uniform baking of the entire layer of raw materials, and the cutting transverse bar 17 mixes the coke layer, providing uniform cooling.

The coke level is controlled by the operation of the lower grate 6, moving on which the coke reaches the stage of final cooling in order to lower its temperature for unhindered and safe transportation, eliminating the possibility of fire.

From the lower grate 6, coke, as a finished product, is discharged through the coke unloading table 21 to the coke conveyor 22 for loading into the technological transport.

In the proposed device, a thermooxidizing coking chamber, a product thermal holding chamber, an exhaust gas removal system are made using known methods of chamotte brick lining and internal tubular cooling screens to effectively regulate the temperature regime and produce heat for own needs.

The present invention improves the quality of the products.

Claims (6)

1. The method of thermo-oxidative coking, including feeding from the feed hopper through the outlet window of coal raw materials into the coking zone of a chamber of thermo-oxidative coking, thermo-oxidizing treatment of coal raw materials by heating coal raw materials with surface ignition and subsequent combustion of volatile substances, removal of exhaust gases through a removal system, thermal exposure after thermal oxidative treatment, cooling and unloading of coke, characterized in that the thermal oxidative treatment of coal raw materials exist in the presence of podkolosniki blasting flows in a thermooxidizing coking chamber divided by a baffle-screen with a swirl bend into two coking zones, moreover, in the first coking zone from the outlet window, coal raw materials are dried and surface-fired at a temperature of 380-400 ° С with a podkolosnikovy blast mixture of atmospheric air, and in the next, second coking zone of the chamber of thermo-oxidative coking, carry out thermo-oxidative treatment at a temperature of 1000-1200 ° C, which they are supported by sub-grate blast and swirling flows of burning gases that are constantly directed during thermal oxidation treatment by swirl bending to the surface of the processed layer of coal raw materials, thereby obtaining a semi-finished product in the form of a semi-coke, which is fed at this temperature to the thermal holding chamber for thermal exposure for 2, 5-4 hours for the final removal of volatile substances and increase structural strength with gradual cooling in it to 200-400 ° C, and after release to the lower the next grate the subsequent cooling to a temperature of 80-100 ° C by means of a finely divided water supply. 2. A device for implementing the method of thermooxidative coking, comprising a storage hopper, a feed hopper with an outlet window, a coking zone of a thermooxidizing coking chamber with the possibility of heating a coal layer with surface ignition, an upper and lower grate, between which there is a thermal holding chamber, and a waste disposal system gas, characterized in that it is equipped with a supply system of the podkolosnikovy blast with podkolosnikovym blasting windows, a system for removing waste the call is equipped with a blasting window for atmospheric air admixture to reduce the temperature and concentration of exhaust gases and is made with the possibility of adjusting the flow rate of exhaust gases, the upper and lower grate grids are equipped in the middle parts with trim strips fixed with a gap from the surface of the grate grids, the thermooxidizing coking chamber is equipped with a partition a screen with a swirl bend away from the outlet window, dividing the thermal oxidative coking chamber into two coking zones, Rich under the first coking zone is arranged a blow box podkolosnikovoe air mix with the first zone coking. 3. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that the first coking zone is a third of the entire coking zone of the thermooxidizing coking chamber. 4. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that the gap between the cutting strips and the grate is 10-15 mm. 5. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the nozzles of a dispersed water supply are located above the lower grate. 6. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that the screen partition is an internal partition wall configuration, providing the ability to create swirling flows of burning gases interacting with the surface of the coal layer.

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