RU2697091C2 - Method of forming hydraulic curtain (embodiments), method of protecting fish from ingress into water intake (embodiments), method of antifouling protection (embodiments), fish-protection device, complex fish-protective device (embodiments), protective element - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to hydraulic engineering. Variants of the method for formation of a hydraulic curtain, protection of fish against ingress into water intake and a method of protection against fouling, in which a jet flow, which flows from outlets and/or nozzles of a flow-forming agent, or flat jet/jet, formed by ejection device, forms a hydraulic curtain in water intake hole/holes, or in water intake in front of water intake hole/holes, or in water intake chamber behind water intake hole/holes so that hydraulic curtain completely or partially covers water intake hole/holes or flow part of water intake in front of water intake hole/holes or behind them/and enters water intake chamber. Jet flow flowing from outlets and/or nozzles of flow-forming agent, or flat jet/jet, formed by ejection device, can differ in chemical composition and/or temperature from ambient liquid. Fish-protection device includes at least one flow-forming device with outlets and/or nozzles and/or at least one ejection device with outlets and/or nozzles. Number of rows of outlets and/or nozzles in each separate flow-forming device and/or ejector device ranges from one or more. Number of outlets and/or nozzles in each separate row makes one or more. Outlets and/or nozzles are installed at angle from 0° up to 360° to each other and can have identical or different installation pitch. Inclination angle of outlets and/or nozzles to plane of inlet cross-section of water intake is from 0° up to 360°. Fluid can flow from outlets and/or nozzles of flux former and/or ejection device, which can differ in chemical composition and/or temperature from surrounding liquid, or a mixture consisting of air or gas and liquid. Jet flow flowing from outlets and/or nozzles of the flow-forming agent and/or a flat jet/jet formed by the ejection device forms a hydraulic curtain as described in the above versions of the method. Device may additionally contain at least one water-permeable screen to form complex fish-protective device. Water-permeable screen is installed in water intake hole/holes, or in water intake in front of water intake hole/holes, or in water intake chamber behind water intake hole/holes. Flow-forming agent and/or ejector device is installed behind water intake hole/holes, before water-permeable screen, or in water-permeable screen, or behind it. Jet flow, flowing from outlets and/or flow forming nozzles, and/or flat jet/jet, formed by ejection device, forms a hydraulic curtain as described above. Water-permeable screen consists of elements and is made single-loop or double-circuit, single row, two-row or multi-row. Number of elements in the water-permeable screen is equal to one or more. Elements can be assembled into cassette. Number of cartridges in the water-permeable screen is equal to one or more. Each separate cartridge is installed at angle from 0° up to 360° to the water intake opening inlet section plane. Cartridge is single-row, double-row or multi-row, single- circuit or double-circuit. Number of elements in one cassette is one or more. Angle of installation of each separate element to plane of inlet cross-section of water intake hole is from 0° up to 360°. Separate elements are installed at angle from 0° up to 360° to each other and have the same or different installation pitch. Each separate element is made in the form of a plate, or bar, or webs of mesh or perforated. Separate elements in the water-permeable screen and/or separate elements in the same cartridge, and/or separate cartridges in the water-permeable screen can be made from the same or different materials, including having different stationary potentials, and can be isolated from each other and/or from the frame using insulators. On water-permeable screen, or on one element and/or one cassette of water-permeable screen, or on separate elements and/or cassettes of water-permeable screen, or on all elements and/or cassettes of the water-permeable screen, or on all or separate rows of elements and/or cassettes of the water-permeable screen, or electric current can be supplied to preset group/group of elements and/or cartridge of water permeable screen to create electric field. Device may additionally contain at least one flow-forming element to form complex fish-protection device. Streaming agent and/or ejector device is installed as described above. Jet flow flowing from outlets and/or nozzles of the flow-forming agent and/or flat jet/jet generated by the ejection device forms a hydraulic curtain as described in the versions of the method. Flow forming element is installed in water intake hole/holes, or in water intake in front of water intake hole/holes, or in water intake chamber behind water intake hole/holes, or jet flow of flow-forming device and/or ejection device. Number of flow-forming elements makes from one and more. Each separate flow-forming element is installed at angle from 0° up to 360° to the water intake open

Description

The claimed technical solution relates to hydraulic engineering and can be used in water sources where it is necessary to prevent fish from entering the water intake and (or) to reduce the degree of fouling of fish protection devices, pipelines, pumping units and other elements of the water intake and hydraulic structures.

Well-known modern methods of combating biofouling of underwater structures are divided into physical and chemical (see A.Yu. Zvyagintsev et al. Fouling of marine technical water supply systems and analysis of methods of protection against fouling in water conduits (analytical review) // Water: Chemistry and Ecology, no. 1, January 2015, p. 30-51).

Chemical methods include the use of mainly fouling coatings that are toxic to organisms (anti-fouling paints, coatings). To prevent fouling of underwater structures, toxic additives are usually continuously or periodically added directly to water.

One of the most commonly used additives is chlorine. Its widespread use is associated with high efficacy in low concentrations and the relatively low toxicity of chlorinated water to humans. The low cost of this method of anti-fouling is also noteworthy. When large amounts of it enter the reservoir, chlorinated water inhibits hydrobionts to a certain extent.

Another common biocidal supplement to protect against fouling of water pipes is copper sulfate. Unlike chlorine, copper sulfate effectively destroys mollusks. The disadvantages of the use of copper sulfate are associated with the harmful effects of copper salts on the environment, as well as the fact that with intensive use it can significantly increase corrosion. Instead of copper sulfate, soluble copper salts can be prepared in situ by anodic dissolution of copper. A method for joint anodic dissolution of copper, aluminum and iron salts has also been developed.

Paints containing tributyltin are used to protect offshore structures. However, these compounds have a detrimental effect on the marine environment, since they are not biological.

It is known that the sewage of enterprises contains impurities that can cause depletion of the fauna and even exclude its development. Wastewater of a metallurgical plant that has not passed the treatment plant causes massive death of fouling.

In all these cases, the biocide is introduced directly into the water.

A known method of tread corrosion protection. A distinctive feature of this technology is also a metal alloy of the tread anode, containing aluminum, magnesium and zinc, to counter not only electrochemical, but also carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide corrosion of equipment.

Using warm water is one of the most common physical methods for controlling fouling. This method is especially advantageous in cases where there is waste of thermal energy, since heating water in large quantities requires a lot of money.

Physical methods also include the use of protective electrostatic precipitators, the essence of which is to create an electric field at the entrance to the water conduit. With sufficient current density and voltage, the larvae of the fouling agents penetrating the water conduit will be killed or paralyzed. It is believed that this method for protecting powerful water systems is unprofitable.

It is possible to use cathodic protection to protect conduits. At the same time, near the inner wall of the water conduit, the pH rises to 12-14, which leads to precipitation from hydroxides and calcium and magnesium carbonates contained in sea water. On the resulting salt crust, fouling develops much weaker than on an unprotected surface. This precipitate is known as the “cathode deposit” or “Coke coating”. The cathodic precipitate exfoliates from time to time and fouling falls away with it. By itself, a constant electric field also prevents fouling settlements. For this purpose, it is proposed to use a pulsed electric current of 7-8 V / cm for 31 hours.

Known blocks of protection against fouling of pumps for intake of sea water, designed for installation in the lower part of the pump, often inside a stilling pipe or caisson. Such blocks consist of special copper and aluminum anodes placed in a steel frame, to which electric current is supplied from a transformer / rectifier. The anode mounting frame acts as a cathode, creating a fully autonomous unit, electrically isolated from the pump using a specially designed insulating flange connection.

In some cases, the installation of anodes in still pipes is impractical due to lack of free space or the demands of an unusually high concentration of ions. An alternative solution in this case is an electrolysis tank mounted on the deck with a piping system for supplying treated sea water to the lower part of each pump, from where it is distributed throughout the pipeline system.

Fouling and the corrosion associated with it have an extremely negative effect on the operation of the most important technical devices for human activities. On the other hand, the applied means and methods of protection against fouling have led, especially over the past decades, to significant negative consequences, up to the disturbance of ecosystems of numerous coastal waters.

There are many known jet fish protection devices, the main element of which are hydraulic jets used to divert juvenile fish and garbage out of the water intake.

There is a method of diverting fish from a source of danger, which consists in transporting fish in an aquatic fish outlet from the direct impact zone to a safe zone of a fish habitat. In the area of the fish drainage course, where the speed of the latter decreases to values that are less tolerable for the diverted fish, conditions are created for restoring the orientation of the sliding fish, keep them from re-ramp to the water intake and organize independent fish departure to a safe place in the fish habitat (see RF patent No. 2305728, IPC Е02В 8/08).

There is a method of protecting and diverting fish from a source of danger, including the supply of water jets to the fish accumulation zone in front of the water intake front, characterized in that the water jets are fed from a mobile jet generator, which is moved along the water intake front in places of fish accumulation, and using water jets in front of the mobile a local drift flow is organized by the generator, in which the fish are captured, held and moved from the source of danger to a safe place in the reservoir (see RF patent No. 2354776, IPC EV 8/08).

Known methods are reduced to the fact that jets create a stream of water that provides for the forced removal (movement) of juvenile fish from the source of danger to a safe place in the reservoir (Fig. 1).

The disadvantage of these methods is that the jet stream of water is carried into the body of water (Fig. 1), so when used to create jets of a liquid that differs in chemical composition and (or) temperature from the water in the body of water, the environment can be negative exposure to the substances contained in the fluid to be drained and / or the temperature of the fluid to be drained. During periods of clogging phenomena and active blooming of water in the water source, the outflowing stream of water discharged outside the water intake, water intake structure can be an attractive factor for fish, which will lead to the attraction of fish to the water intake, water intake structure, increasing the concentration and probability of fish entering the water intake, respectively reducing the effectiveness of protecting fish. To create a stream of water that provides for the forced diversion (movement) of fish from the source of danger to a safe place in the reservoir, it is necessary to submit an increased flow rate of water and, accordingly, increased costs for its supply, which is economically unprofitable and not practical.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to reduce the negative impact of the methods and methods used on fouling on the environment, to protect the fish from getting into the water intake, to reduce the effect of the attracting factor of the water flow of the stream former for fish and to ensure the localized effect of the jet stream by preventing its removal outside the coverage area water intake, water intake facilities (Fig. 2).

The task is achieved by the fact that the proposed:

1. Methods of forming a hydraulic curtain;

2. Ways to protect fish from getting into the water intake;

3. Methods of protection against fouling;

4. Fish protection device;

5. Integrated fish protection devices;

6. Protective element.

The proposed fish protection device includes at least one stream former 1 with nozzles and (or) nozzles 2 placed on it. At the same time, liquid that can have any chemical composition and (or) temperature flows out of the nozzles (nozzles) 2 of stream former 1 and may differ in chemical composition and (or) temperature from the surrounding liquid, or a mixture consisting of air (gas) and liquid.

To protect the equipment and structures of the device, water intake and hydraulic structures from fouling and from ice (sludge), steam can be supplied from all or separate nozzles (nozzles) of the flow former.

The number of streaming agents 1 in the device may be from one or more (Fig. 3-6). The stream former 1 can be located horizontally or vertically or at an angle β to the plane of the inlet section of the water inlet 3. The stream former 1 can be made single-row, i.e. have one row of flow-forming nozzles (nozzles) 2 (Fig. 3-5), or multi-row, i.e. have two (Fig. 6) and more rows of flow-forming nozzles (nozzles) 2.

The number of nozzles (nozzles) 2 in each individual row of each individual flow former 1 may be from one or more. Nozzles (nozzles) are installed at an angle β ₁ from 0 ° to 360 ° to each other and can have the same or different installation step t (Fig. 3-6). The flow former is set so that the angle β _{2 of the} inclination of the nozzles (nozzles) 2 to the plane of the inlet section of the water inlet 3 is 0 ° to 360 °.

The number of stream former 1 in the device, the number of rows in each individual stream former 1, the location and angle β of installation of each individual stream former 1, the number of nozzles (nozzles) 2 in each stream former 1, the angle β _{1 of the} inclination of the nozzles (nozzles) 2 to each other, the angle β ₂ tilting nozzles (nozzles) to the inlet section of the water intake opening plane 3 and t step setting each single nozzle (nozzles) 2 are chosen depending on conditions at the site biogidravlicheskih intake operation and design features of a watering iemnika, intake structure so as to achieve a desired operation.

Flow former 1 can have any configuration (geometric shape) (rectilinear (Fig. 6), curvilinear, zigzag, ring (Fig. 3-5), triangular, square, rectangular, polygonal, etc.), can have a cross section in cross section, and an oval, and a rectangle, and a triangle, and a square, and a polygon, i.e. it is not a concrete, but a generalized geometric form.

A liquid (or a mixture consisting of air (gas) and liquid) is supplied to the nozzles (nozzles) 2 of the flow former 1 from the water supply pipeline. The jet stream flowing out of the nozzles (nozzles) 2 of the flow former 1 forms a hydraulic curtain 4 in the water intake hole (s) 3 or in the water intake in front of the water intake hole (s) 3 or in the water intake chamber 5 behind the water intake hole (s) 3 (Fig. 7 ), while the hydraulic curtain 4 completely or partially blocks the water intake hole (s) 3 or the flow part of the water intake and enters the water intake chamber 5 (Fig. 2, 15-17).

The principle of operation of the device is a combination of the behavioral and physical principles of fish protection and is based on the response of the fish to the hydraulic curtain 4 created by the jets of the flow former 7 and having a complex effect on the organs of vision, side line and hearing organs of fish:

- the external boundary of the hydraulic curtain 4 forms certain re-gradient flow conditions that cause the fish to respond away from the hydraulic curtain 4. Fish, reacting to changes in the speed and direction of flow at the external boundary of the hydraulic curtain 4 and the surrounding liquid, seeks to independently leave the danger zone;

- when the jets flow out from the nozzles (nozzles) 2 of the flow former 1 and the creation of a hydraulic curtain 4, turbulent disturbances are formed that frighten away the fish, and a noise effect affecting the hearing organs of the fish;

- a hydraulic curtain 4, which completely or partially covers the water intake hole (s) 3 or the flow part of the water intake, prevents fish from entering the water intake.

The jet stream flowing from the nozzles (nozzles) 2 of the flow former 1, unlike similar devices, is not carried outside the range of the water intake, water intake structure, but enters the water reception chamber 5. Results of numerical (mathematical) modeling performed using the SolidWorks system and additionally plug-in Flow Simulation package, and presented in Figures 1 and 2, clearly illustrate the differences between the hydraulic curtain 4 formed by the jet stream of the known flow generators (Fig. 1) and the flow generator lennogo device (Fig. 2, 15-17).

The fluid flowing from the nozzles (nozzles) 2 of each individual flow former 1 may have any chemical composition and (or) temperature, including may differ in chemical composition and (or) temperature from the surrounding liquid.

Due to this, it is possible to achieve additional protection of fish when exposed to olfactory or tactile receptors of fish, and (or) a decrease in the degree of biological fouling of structures of a fish protection device, equipment of water intake and hydraulic structures (pipelines, pumping units, etc.), other underwater structures, prevent the formation of ice, sludge. Accordingly, the interval between maintenance and cleaning of the structures of the device and equipment of the water intake, hydraulic structures from ice, sludge, fouling increases, the reliability of the device, water intake, hydraulic structures increases, the service life of the device, water intake, and hydraulic structures increases, the cost of maintenance is reduced devices, equipment for water intake and hydraulic structures.

Prevention of the ingress of a liquid, which differs in chemical composition and (or) temperature from the surrounding liquid, into the environment due to the flow of the jet stream formed by the stream-forming agent 1 into the water intake chamber 5 and preventing its removal outside the water intake, water intake structure (Fig. 1, 15-17), allows to reduce or completely prevent the negative impact on the environment.

To create a hydraulic curtain 4, which completely or partially closes the water intake hole (s) 3 or the flow part of the water intake and enters the water intake chamber 5, a lower flow rate is required than to create a water flow providing for the forced removal (movement) of juvenile fish outside the water intake, water intake to a safe place in the reservoir. This reduces the cost of creating a hydraulic curtain. As a result, the operation of the claimed device is economically more profitable than the operation of stream-forming devices of known devices.

The chemical composition and (or) temperature of the fluid flowing out of each individual nozzle (nozzle) 2 of each individual flow former 1 may differ within the same device. The chemical composition and (or) the temperature of the fluid flowing out of the nozzles (nozzles) 2 of the flow former 1 is selected depending on the biohydraulic and hydrometeorological situation at the location of the device and water intake, the rate of fouling of the device and equipment of the water intake, hydraulic structures (pipelines, pumping units, etc.) .p.) and the need to combat it, technical characteristics and design features of the water intake and hydraulic structures.

Changing the chemical composition, or the temperature of the liquid flowing out of the nozzles (nozzles) 2 of the flow former 1, or the concentration of the chemical substance in it, can be carried out by means of dosed injection or injection of a chemical substance of a given concentration, or a liquid of a given chemical composition, or a liquid of a given temperature into a pipeline water supply to the flow former, either directly to flow former 1, or directly to each individual nozzle (nozzle) 2 of flow former 1, or truyu outlet nozzles (nozzles) 2 flow-1, or a water receiving chamber 5, or in any other cell, or using other devices (not shown).

To increase the efficiency of the device, to reduce the likelihood of fish getting into the water intake, the jet stream forming a hydraulic curtain 4, which completely or partially blocks the water intake hole (s) 3 or the flow part of the water intake and enters the water intake chamber 5, can be created by a flat stream (jets) more long-range, more formed and more resistant to deformation when exposed to water flows of various directions and sizes, formed using known ejection devices, in including using a well-known integrated fish protection device, consisting of a water-receiving casing / nozzle, a flow-forming unit with nozzles placed in it, and an ejection-pressure nozzle located coaxially to the flow-forming nozzles. The ejection-pressure nozzle consists of a quadrangular prism of the mixing chamber of the ejected liquid coming from the water-receiving casing / nozzle, with the pressure liquid coming from the nozzles of the flow former, and made in the form of a parallelepiped of the plane jet formation chamber. Due to this, the creation of a more long-range, more formed and more resistant to deformation flat water jet when exposed to water flows of various directions and sizes is achieved (see RF patent No. 2602445, IPC EV 8/08).

The claimed device may additionally contain a permeable screen 6 (Fig. 5-17, 19-25), consisting of elements 7. The number of elements 7 in the permeable screen is from one or more.

Elements 7 can be assembled into a single solid permeable screen 6 (Fig. 18), while the individual elements 7 can serve as a supporting frame and supporting edges of the screen.

Elements 7 can be assembled together in separate cassettes 8 (Fig. 8, 9, 10), which form a permeable screen 6 and can be installed on the supporting frame of a permeable screen 6, while the minimum number of cassettes in a permeable screen is from one cassette 8 or more. The minimum number of elements 7 in each individual cassette 8 is from one or more and may vary in different cassettes 8 in the device.

The water-permeable screen 6 can be made single-circuit (Fig. 9) or double-circuit (Fig. 8) (i.e., contain one or two contours of the screen), single-row (Fig. 9a, d, f), double-row (Fig. 9b , c, e) or multi-row (i.e. contain one or more rows of elements 7 or cassettes 8).

The water-permeable screen 6 can be voluminous or flat, can have any configuration (geometric shape) (rectilinear (Fig. 6, 9a), curved (Fig. 9d), zigzag (8a, 9c, e), annular (Fig. 8c, 9f) ), cylindrical (Fig. 8c, 9e, 12), triangular, square, rectangular, polygonal (Fig. 10, 11), conical, pyramidal, polyhedral (Fig. 10, 19), etc.), can have a section and a circle, and an oval, and a rectangle, and a triangle, and a square, and a polygon, etc., i.e. it is not a concrete, but a generalized geometric form.

The angle at the installation of each individual element 7 to the plane of the inlet section of the water inlet 3 can be from 0 ° to 360 ° and can vary within the same cartridge 8. The individual elements 7 in each individual cartridge 8 (permeable screen 6) are installed at an angle γ ₂ from 0 ° to 360 ° to each other. The installation step t ₁ between each two separately taken elements 7 in each individual cartridge 8 (permeable screen 6) may be the same or different.

Each individual element 7 can be made in the form of a plate, in the form of a rod, in the form of a web (mesh, perforated, etc.), etc. Each individual element 7 can have a rectilinear, curvilinear, zigzag, circular, triangular, square, rectangular, polygonal, conical, cylindrical, pyramidal, polyhedral and other shapes, in cross section have a circle, oval, triangle, square, rectangle, polygon, t .e. have any geometric shape.

The installation angle cp of each individual cassette 8 to the plane of the inlet section of the water inlet 3 can be from 0 ° to 360 ° and vary within the same device.

Cassette 8 can be made single-row (Fig. 9a, d, f), double-row (Fig. 9b, c, e) or multi-row (i.e., contain one or more rows of elements 7 horizontally and (or) vertically and (or) diagonally), single-circuit or double-circuit (i.e., contain one or two circuits).

Each cartridge 8 can be made rectilinear (Fig. 9a), curved (Fig. 9d), zigzag (8a, 9c, e), annular (Fig. 8c, 9e), in the form of a triangle, rectangle (Fig. 9a), cone , a cylinder (Fig. 8c, 9e, 12), a pyramid, a polyhedron (Fig. 11), etc., i.e. we are talking about any of its geometric shape.

The water-permeable screen 6 forms an additional backwater to the hydraulic curtain 4 formed by the jets of the stream former 1, creates optimal hydraulic conditions for the operation of the stream former 1, provides additional protection for the fish, and protects the structure of the device and water intake from debris, ice, and sludge.

The principle of the joint work of the stream former 1 and the permeable screen 6 is a combination of the behavioral and physical principles of fish protection and is based on the response of the fish to turbulent disturbances formed by the stream former 1 and the permeable screen 6, which have a complex effect on the organs of vision, side line and hearing organs of fish :

- the inner (running) part of the hydraulic curtain 4 creates turbulent disturbances on the surface of the permeable screen 6 and affects the behavior of the fish;

- when streams flow from nozzles (nozzles) 2 of stream former 1 and flow around a permeable screen 6 by a stream formed by streams of stream former 1, a noise effect occurs that affects the hearing organs of fish;

- the elements 8 of the cassettes 7 of the permeable screen 6 create the effect of an impenetrable barrier for fish;

- permeable screen 6 acts as a coarse grating to protect the intake from floating debris, ice, sludge;

- a hydraulic curtain 4, which completely or partially covers the water intake hole (s) 3 or the flow part of the water intake, prevents fish, garbage, ice, sludge from entering the water intake.

The elements 7 of the water-permeable screen 6 can be made of conductive material or material that does not conduct electric current.

The individual elements 7 in the composition of one cartridge 8 or the permeable screen 6 can be made of the same or different materials, including those having different stationary potentials, and can be isolated from other elements using insulators 9. The individual cassettes 8 in the composition of the permeable screen 6 can be made of the same or different materials, including those having different stationary potentials, and be isolated from each other and from the frame using insulators 9 (Fig. 12, 13, 14).

For the entire water-permeable screen 6, or for one or individual elements 7 and (or) for one or individual cassettes 8, or for all elements 7 and (or) cassettes 8, or for all or individual rows of elements 7 and (or) cassettes 8 or, for a given group (s) of elements 7 and (or) cassettes 8 of a water-permeable screen 6 from electronic equipment (Fig. 10), an electric current can be supplied to create an electric field of the specified parameters.

Throughout the entire water-permeable screen 6, or on each individual element 7 (cassette 8) of the water-permeable screen 6 or on each individual group (row) of elements 7 (cassettes 8), a constant electric current, either a pulsed electric current, or an alternating electric current can be supplied by any potential or its varieties.

The options for creating an electric field can be different, based on the ichthyological situation in the area of the water intake, the alignment and the horizon of the placement and operation of the device, the design features of the claimed device, water intake and hydraulic structures.

The generated electric field helps to provide additional protection for the fish, by causing the fish to avoid the electric field, and to reduce the degree of fouling of the device structures, water intake and hydraulic structures by bioorganisms forming fouling layers. Prevention of fouling occurs due to the influence of an electric field on organisms that cause fouling, and (or) due to the release of substances that prevent fouling during electrolysis when an electric current is applied to the elements (cassettes) of the device.

The device may further comprise at least one flow-forming element 10 (Fig. 16, 17). The number of flow-forming elements 10 in the composition of the device is from one or more.

The flow-forming element 10 helps to organize the necessary (predetermined) hydraulic structure of the jet stream forming the hydraulic curtain 4, the intake flow on the approach to the claimed device, the flow in and behind the claimed device (Fig. 16, 17).

The flow-forming element 10 can be made in the form of a plate, a rod, a confuser, a flowing blade, a bend, a curved (rotary) blade, a stationary or rotating partition, a diaphragm, a perforated panel with any size of perforation, or in the form of any other screen or device that creates hydraulic resistance and support the flow, and be installed on any site of the fish protection device (integrated fish protection device), in front of or behind it, or in any other area of the water intake or fishery shield device (integrated fish protection device).

The flow-forming element 10 can be mounted horizontally, vertically or diagonally, i.e. at an angle χ from 0 ° to 360 ° to the plane of the inlet section of the water inlet 3. The flow-forming element 10 can be fixed, fixed, fixed with a welded joint, fasteners or mounted on rails, on hinges, can be made rotating, movable.

The flow-forming element 10 can have any configuration (geometric shape) (rectilinear (Fig. 16, 17), curved, zigzag, annular, triangular, square, rectangular, polygonal, conical, cylindrical, pyramidal, multifaceted, etc.)) can have section and circle, and oval, and rectangle, and triangle, and square, and polygon, i.e. it is not a concrete, but a generalized geometric form.

To prevent fish and debris from getting into the initial section of the jet at the outlet of the nozzle (nozzle) of the flow former and (or) to ensure ejection into the initial section of the jet of liquid from the water intake chamber 5 or any other chamber or device and (or) to protect the flow former 1 and its nozzles (nozzles) 2 from the mechanical impact of floating debris, ice, sludge, etc. on it, a protective element 11 made in the form of a plate (casing) can be used (Fig. 2, 7, 15-17, 19).

In the initial section at the outlet of the nozzle (nozzle) 2 of the stream former 1, the jet may have a speed exceeding the permissible values safe for fish. The protective element 11 prevents contact of the fish with the jet in its initial section, as a result of which the possible unacceptably high speeds of the outgoing jet stream do not adversely affect the fish.

от выходного сечения насадка (сопла) 2 потокообразователя 1 (рис. 18) или эжекционного устройства. Защитный элемент 11 предотвращает попадание рыб, мусора в водозабор через участки 12, незащищенные гидравлической завесой 4. Расстояние

от выходного сечения насадка (сопла) 2 потокообразователя 1 или эжекционного устройства до сечения потока в месте слияния струй в гидравлическую завесу 4 зависит от расстояния t между насадками (соплами) (шага насадков (сопел)) 2 потокообразователя 1 или эжекционного устройства.The merging of the jets flowing from the nozzles (nozzles) 2 of the flow former 1, or flat jets formed by an ejection device, into the hydraulic curtain 4 occurs at a distance

from the outlet section of the nozzle (nozzle) 2 of the flow former 1 (Fig. 18) or an ejection device. The protective element 11 prevents the entry of fish, debris into the water intake through sections 12, unprotected by a hydraulic curtain 4. Distance

from the outlet section of the nozzle (nozzle) 2 of the flow former 1 or the ejection device to the flow cross section at the confluence of the jets into the hydraulic curtain 4 depends on the distance t between the nozzles (nozzles) (step of the nozzles (nozzles)) 2 of the flow former 1 or the ejection device.

от водоприемного отверстия 3. Расстояние

от потокообразователя 1 (или эжекционного устройства) до водоприемного отверстия 3 выбирается в зависимости от шага t насадков (сопел) 2 потокообразователя 1, или эжекционного устройства, и должно быть не менее расстояния

от выходного сечения насадка (сопла) 2 потокообразователя или эжекционного устройства до сечения потока в месте слияния струй в гидравлическую завесу 4, т.е.

, где t - расстояние между насадками (соплами) (шаг насадков (сопел)); d₀ - диаметр или ширина выходного сечения насадка (сопла) потокообразователя или выходного сечения эжекционного устройства; α - угол раскрытия струи.To prevent fish and garbage from entering the water intake through sections 12 that are not protected by a hydraulic curtain 4, the flow former 1 or the ejection device can be installed at a distance

from water inlet 3. Distance

from a flow former 1 (or an ejection device) to a water inlet 3 is selected depending on the step t of nozzles (nozzles) 2 of a flow former 1, or an ejection device, and must be at least a distance

from the outlet section of the nozzle (nozzle) 2 of the flow former or ejection device to the flow section at the confluence of the jets into the hydraulic curtain 4, i.e.

where t is the distance between nozzles (nozzles) (step of nozzles (nozzles)); d ₀ is the diameter or width of the outlet section of the nozzle (nozzle) of the flow former or the outlet section of the ejection device; α is the angle of the jet.

, вычисляется по формуле

, где k - эмпирический коэффициент; u₀ - скорость истечения струи из насадка (сопла) потокообразователя или эжекционного устройства.In this case, the velocity on the axis of the jet in the flow section at the confluence of the jets,

calculated by the formula

where k is an empirical coefficient; u ₀ is the velocity of the jet from the nozzle (nozzle) of the flow former or ejection device.

Materials for the manufacture of the device and each individual element included in it (flow generator 1, water supply pipe, nozzles (nozzle) 2 flow generator 1, permeable screen 6, element 7 of permeable screen 6, cassette 8 of permeable screen 6, insulator 9, flow forming element 10, protective element 11, etc.) can be used in any combination (metals and their alloys, stainless steel, copper-nickel alloy, aluminum alloys, titanium, rubber, plastic, fluoroplastic, composites, etc.), including those having different e stationary potentials as part of one claimed device. The design of the claimed device or its individual elements can be covered with anti-fouling coatings of any type.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by the drawings:

in fig. 1 shows the results of numerical (mathematical) modeling of known devices and the formation of a hydraulic curtain by known methods;

in fig. 2 shows the results of numerical (mathematical) modeling of possible options for the execution of the claimed technical solution and the formation of a hydraulic curtain by the flow generator of the claimed device;

in fig. 3 and 4 schematically show some possible embodiments of the claimed fish protection device;

in fig. 5 and 6 schematically show some possible embodiments of the claimed integrated fish protection device;

in fig. 7 shows some possible placement options of the claimed technical solution in relation to the water inlet;

in fig. 8 shows some possible embodiments of a water-permeable screen or a separate cartridge of a water-permeable screen of the claimed integrated fish protection device bypass;

in fig. 9 shows some possible embodiments of a water-permeable screen or a separate cartridge of a water-permeable screen of the claimed integrated fish protection device single-circuit;

in fig. 10 shows a possible embodiment of the claimed integrated fish protection device, including electronic equipment, one flow former with nozzles (nozzles) and a permeable screen;

in fig. 11, 12 show some possible embodiments of the claimed integrated fish protection device, including one flow former with nozzles (nozzles) and a permeable screen;

in fig. 13 shows a possible embodiment of the inventive integrated fish protection device, including one flow former with nozzles (nozzles) and a permeable screen containing a removable double-circuit cartridge mounted on the frame, the cartridge being isolated from the frame using insulators;

in fig. 14 shows possible embodiments of a cartridge of a water-permeable screen of the claimed integrated fish protection device, and with the help of insulators the cartridge is isolated from the frame (or from other cassettes) and (or) individual elements of the cartridge are isolated from each other;

in fig. 15, 16, 17 show the results of numerical (mathematical) modeling of some possible versions of the claimed integrated fish protection device;

in fig. 18 shows a diagram of the formation of a hydraulic curtain;

in fig. 19-25 show possible embodiments of the claimed integrated fish protection device.

The task, which is to reduce the negative environmental impact of the means and methods used from fouling by ensuring the localized effect of the jet stream and preventing it from being moved outside the reach of the water intake, water intake structure, protecting the fish from getting into the water intake, reducing the effect of the attracting flow factor the water of the flowing agent on fish, reducing the degree of biological fouling of the structures of the device, equipment and elements of water intake and hydraulic engineering eskogo structures formed.

The technical result of the claimed technical solution is to ensure localized action of the jet stream by entering the hydraulic curtain created by the jet stream into the water intake chamber and to prevent the jet stream from being carried out beyond the action of the water intake, water intake structure, and to reduce the volume of water supplied to the stream former to create a hydraulic curtain, in reducing the negative impact on the environment, ensuring the protection of fish, preventing ingress into the water intake b, debris, ice, sludge, in reducing the degree of biological fouling of the structures of the device, equipment and elements of the water intake and hydraulic structures, increasing the interval between maintenance and cleaning the device and water intake elements from fouling, increasing the life of the device, reducing the cost of maintenance devices and equipment for water intake and hydraulic structures.

The application of the claimed technical solution allows the use of elements known in the industry.

Claims (14)

1. A method of forming a hydraulic curtain, characterized in that the jet stream flowing out of the nozzles and / or nozzles of the flow former forms a hydraulic curtain in the water intake hole / holes, or in the water intake in front of the water intake hole / holes, or in the water intake chamber behind the water intake hole / holes in such a way that the hydraulic curtain completely or partially covers the water inlet / openings or the flow part of the water inlet in front of or behind the water inlet / openings and enters the water intake chamber. 2. A method of forming a hydraulic curtain, characterized in that the flat jet / stream formed by the ejection device forms a hydraulic curtain in the water intake hole / s, or in the water intake in front of the water intake hole / holes, or in the water intake chamber behind the water intake hole / holes in this way that the hydraulic curtain completely or partially covers the water intake hole / s or the flow part of the water intake in front of or behind the water intake hole / holes and enters water intake chamber. 3. A method of forming a hydraulic curtain, characterized in that the jet stream flowing from the nozzles and / or nozzles of the flow former differs in chemical composition and / or temperature from the surrounding liquid and forms a hydraulic curtain in the water inlet / holes, or in the water inlet in front of the water inlet / holes, or in the water intake chamber behind the water intake hole / holes so that the hydraulic curtain completely or partially covers the water intake hole / holes or flow receiving water to be Water inlet / or behind the openings / them and enters the water intake chamber. 4. A method of forming a hydraulic curtain, characterized in that the flowing flat jet / stream formed by the ejection device differs in chemical composition and / or temperature from the surrounding liquid and forms a hydraulic curtain in the water intake hole / holes, or in the water intake in front of the water intake hole / holes or in the water intake chamber behind the water intake hole / s in such a way that the hydraulic curtain completely or partially covers the water intake hole / s or flow rate s water intake before the water intake opening / openings or behind / them and enters the water intake chamber. 5. A method of protecting fish from getting into the water intake, characterized in that the jet stream flowing out of the nozzles and / or nozzles of the flow generator and / or the flat stream / stream formed by the ejection device forms a hydraulic curtain in the water inlet (s) or in the water inlet in front of the water inlet / holes, or in the water inlet chamber behind the water inlet / holes so that the hydraulic curtain completely or partially covers the water inlet / holes or the flow passage nick in front of the water intake hole (s) or behind it / them and enters the water intake chamber. 6. A method of protecting fish from getting into the water intake, characterized in that the jet stream flowing out of the nozzles and / or nozzles of the stream former and / or the plane stream / stream formed by the ejection device differs in chemical composition and / or temperature from the surrounding liquid and forms a hydraulic curtain in the water inlet / holes, or in the water intake in front of the water inlet / holes, or in the water chamber behind the water inlet / holes in such a way that the hydraulic curtain is fully or partially overlaps Water inlet / hole portion receiving water flow or water intake before opening / openings or behind / them and enters the water intake chamber. 7. A method of protection against fouling, characterized in that the jet stream flowing out of the nozzles and / or nozzles of the flow former and / or the plane stream / stream formed by the ejection device differs in chemical composition and / or temperature from the surrounding liquid and forms a hydraulic curtain in the water inlet / holes, or in the water inlet in front of the water inlet / holes, or in the water inlet chamber behind the water inlet / holes in such a way that the hydraulic curtain completely or partially overlaps the the inlet opening (s) or the flow part of the water intake in front of or behind the water intake hole (s) and enters the water reception chamber. 8. Fish protection device, comprising at least one flow former with nozzles and / or nozzles and / or at least one ejection device with nozzles and / or nozzles, characterized in that the number of rows of nozzles and / or nozzles in each separate flow generator and / or ejection device is from one or more, the number of nozzles and / or nozzles in each separate row is from one or more, nozzles and / or nozzles are installed at an angle from 0 ° to 360 ° to each other and can have the same or different sha d installation, the angle of inclination of the nozzles and / or nozzles to the plane of the inlet section of the water inlet is from 0 ° to 360 °, liquid flows out of the nozzles and / or nozzles of the flow former and / or ejection device, which may differ in chemical composition and / or temperature from the surrounding liquid, or a mixture consisting of air or gas and liquid, while the jet stream flowing out of the nozzles and / or nozzles of the flow former and / or the plane stream / stream formed by the ejection device forms a hydraulic curtain in the water the intake hole (s), or in the water intake in front of the water intake hole (s), or in the water intake chamber behind the water intake hole (s) so that the hydraulic curtain completely or partially overlaps the water intake hole (s) or flow passage of the water intake in front of or behind the water intake hole (s) / them and enters the water intake chamber. 9. An integrated fish protection device comprising at least one stream former with nozzles and / or nozzles and / or at least one ejection device with nozzles and / or nozzles and at least one permeable screen, characterized in that the water-permeable screen is installed in the water inlet / holes, or in the water inlet in front of the water-inlet / holes, or in the water-intake chamber behind the water-inlet / holes, the flow generator and / or ejection device is installed in the water inlet / holes, or in the water inlet in front of the water inlet / holes, or in the water inlet chamber behind the water inlet / holes, in front of the water permeable screen, or in or behind the water permeable screen, wherein the jet stream flowing out of the nozzles and / or nozzles the flow-forming device and / or the flat stream / stream formed by the ejection device forms a hydraulic curtain in such a way that the hydraulic curtain completely or partially covers the water inlet / holes or flow part of the water intake in front of the water intake opening (s) or behind it / them and enters the water intake chamber, the number of rows of nozzles and / or nozzles in each individual flow-forming device and / or ejection device is from one or more, the number of nozzles and / or nozzles in each separate row is from one or more, nozzles and / or nozzles are installed at an angle from 0 ° to 360 ° to each other and can have the same or different installation pitch, the angle of inclination of the nozzles and / or nozzles to the plane of the inlet section of the water intake opening it ranges from 0 ° to 360 °, liquid is supplied from nozzles and / or nozzles of the flow former and / or ejection device, which may differ in chemical composition and / or temperature from the surrounding liquid, or a mixture consisting of air or gas and liquid, permeable the screen consists of elements and is made single-circuit or double-circuit, single-row, double-row or multi-row, the number of elements in a permeable screen is from one or more, the elements can be assembled into a cassette, while the number of cassettes in a water the total screen is one or more, each individual cartridge is installed at an angle from 0 ° to 360 ° to the plane of the inlet section of the water inlet, the cartridge is single-row, double-row or multi-row, single-circuit or double-circuit, the number of elements in one cartridge is from one or more, the installation angle of each individual element to the plane of the inlet section of the water inlet is from 0 ° to 360 °, the individual elements are installed at an angle from 0 ° to 360 ° to each other and have the same or different installation step, each individual element is made in the form of a plate, or a bar, or a mesh or perforated canvas, individual elements in the composition of the permeable screen and / or individual elements in the composition of one cartridge and / or individual cassettes in the composition of the permeable screen or various materials, including those having different stationary potentials, and can be isolated from each other and / or from the frame using insulators. 10. An integrated fish protection device comprising at least one flow former with nozzles and / or nozzles and / or at least one ejection device with nozzles and / or nozzles and at least one permeable screen, characterized in that the water-permeable screen is installed in the water inlet / holes, or in the water inlet in front of the water-inlet / holes, or in the water-intake chamber behind the water-inlet / holes, the flow generator and / or ejection device is installed I am in the water inlet / holes, or in the water inlet in front of the water inlet / holes, or in the water inlet chamber behind the water inlet / holes, in front of the water permeable screen, or in or behind the water permeable screen, with the jet flowing out of the nozzles and / or flow nozzle nozzles, and / or a flat jet / jets formed by an ejection device, forms a hydraulic curtain so that the hydraulic curtain completely or partially covers the water inlet / holes or flow the part of the water intake in front of the water intake opening / s or behind it / them and enters the water intake chamber, the number of rows of nozzles and / or nozzles in each individual flow generator and / or ejection device may be from one or more, the number of nozzles and / or nozzles in each individual range from one or more, nozzles and / or nozzles are installed at an angle from 0 ° to 360 ° to each other and have the same or different installation pitch, the angle of inclination of the nozzles and / or nozzles to the plane of the inlet section of the water inlet It ranges from 0 ° to 360 °, liquid is supplied from nozzles and / or nozzles of the flow former and / or ejection device, which may differ in chemical composition and / or temperature from the surrounding liquid, or a mixture consisting of air or gas and liquid, a permeable screen consists of elements and is made single-circuit or double-circuit, single-row, double-row or multi-row, the number of elements in a permeable screen is one or more, the elements can be assembled into a cassette, while the number of cassettes is permeable m screen is one or more, each individual cartridge is installed at an angle from 0 ° to 360 ° to the plane of the inlet section of the water inlet and is made single, double or multi-row, single or double circuit, the number of elements in one cartridge is from one or more, the angle the installation of each individual element to the plane of the inlet section of the water inlet is from 0 ° to 360 °, the individual elements are installed at an angle from 0 ° to 360 ° to each other and have the same or different installation steps and, each individual element is made in the form of a plate, or rod, or mesh or perforated canvas, individual elements in the composition of the permeable screen, and / or individual elements in the composition of one cartridge, and / or individual cassettes in the composition of the permeable screen can be made of the same or various materials, including those having different stationary potentials, and can be isolated from each other and / or from the frame using insulators, in this case on a permeable screen, or on one element and / or one water cassette of a permeable screen, or to individual elements and / or cartridges of a permeable screen, or to all elements and / or cartridges of a permeable screen, or to all or separate rows of elements and / or cartridges of a permeable screen, or to a given group / groups of elements and / or cartridges a permeable screen is supplied with electric current to create an electric field. 11. Integrated fish protection device, including at least one flow former with nozzles and / or nozzles and / or at least one ejection device with nozzles and / or nozzles and at least one flow forming element, characterized the fact that the flow generator and / or ejection device is installed in the water inlet / holes, or in the water inlet in front of the water inlet / holes, or in the water inlet chamber behind the water inlet / holes, while the jet stream expiring of the nozzles and / or nozzles of the flow generator, and / or the flat jet / stream formed by the ejection device forms a hydraulic curtain in such a way that the hydraulic curtain completely or partially covers the water intake hole (s) or the flow part of the water intake in front of or behind the water intake hole (s) / them and enters the water intake chamber, the flow-forming element is installed in the water intake hole / holes, or in the water intake in front of the water intake hole / holes, or in the water intake the chamber behind the water inlet / holes, or in the jet stream of the flow former and / or ejection device, the number of flow forming elements is from one or more, each individual flow forming element is set at an angle from 0 ° to 360 ° to the plane of the inlet section of the water intake opening, number of rows nozzles and / or nozzles in each individual flow generator and / or ejection device is from one or more, the number of nozzles and / or nozzles in each separate row is from one and more, nozzles and / or nozzles are installed at an angle from 0 ° to 360 ° to each other and can have the same or different installation pitch, the angle of inclination of the nozzles and / or nozzles to the plane of the inlet section of the water inlet is 0 ° to 360 °, nozzles and / or nozzles of the flow former and / or ejection device, a liquid is supplied, which may differ in chemical composition and / or temperature from the surrounding liquid, or a mixture consisting of air or gas and liquid. 12. An integrated fish protection device comprising at least one flow former with nozzles and / or nozzles and / or at least one ejection device with nozzles and / or nozzles, at least one permeable screen and, at least one flow-forming element, characterized in that the water-permeable screen is installed in the water inlet / holes, or in the water inlet in front of the water-inlet / holes, or in the water-intake chamber behind the water-inlet / holes, the spruce and / or ejection device is installed in the water inlet / holes, or in the water inlet in front of the water inlet / holes, or in the water chamber behind the water inlet / holes, in front of the water permeable screen, or in the water permeable screen, or behind it, the flow forming element is installed in the water permeable screen, or in the water inlet / holes, or in the water inlet in front of the water inlet / holes, or in the water inlet chamber behind the water inlet / holes, or in the flow of the flow former and / or the ejection device, wherein the jet stream flowing out of the nozzles and / or nozzles of the flow generator and / or the flat stream / stream formed by the ejection device forms a hydraulic curtain so that the hydraulic curtain completely or partially covers the water intake opening / holes or flow part of the water intake in front of the water intake hole / holes or behind it / them and enters the water intake chamber, the number of rows of nozzles and / or nozzles in each individual flow the browser and / or ejection device is from one or more, the number of nozzles and / or nozzles in each individual row of the flow former and / or ejection device is from one or more, nozzles and / or nozzles are installed at an angle from 0 ° to 360 ° to each other to a friend and may have the same or different installation step, the angle of inclination of the nozzles and / or nozzles to the plane of the inlet section of the water inlet is from 0 ° to 360 °, from the nozzles and / or nozzles of the flow former and / or ejection device a liquid is supplied that it can differ in chemical composition and / or temperature from the surrounding liquid, or a mixture consisting of air or gas and liquid, the number of permeable screens is one or more, the permeable screen consists of elements and is made single-circuit or double-circuit, single-row, double-row or multi-row, the number of elements in a permeable screen is from one or more, the elements can be assembled into a cassette, while the number of cassettes in a permeable screen is from one or more, each individual the asset is installed at an angle from 0 ° to 360 ° to the plane of the inlet section of the water inlet, the cassette is single-row, double-row or multi-row, single-circuit or double-circuit, the number of elements in one cartridge is from one or more, the installation angle of each individual element to the plane of the water inlet the hole is from 0 ° to 360 °, each individual element is made in the form of a plate, or a bar, or a mesh or perforated canvas, individual elements in a waterproof screen, and / or individual elements in the composition of one cartridge, and / or individual cartridges in the composition of a permeable screen can be made of the same or different materials, including those having different stationary potentials, and can be isolated from each other and / or from the frame using insulators, on a permeable screen, or on one element and / or one cartridge, or on individual elements and / or cartridges, or on all elements and / or cartridges, or on all or individual rows of elements and / or cartridges, or on a given group / groups of elements and / or to Asset of a permeable screen can be supplied with electric current to create an electric field, the number of flow-forming elements is from one or more, each separate flow-forming element is installed at an angle from 0 ° to 360 ° to the plane of the inlet section of the water inlet. 13. A protective element made in the form of a plate or a casing, characterized in that the plate or casing is mounted in relation to the nozzles and / or nozzles of the flow generator and / or ejection device in such a way as to prevent fish and / or debris from entering the initial section of the jet on the outlet of the jet from the nozzle and / or nozzle of the flow former and / or ejection device, to prevent fish from contacting the jet in its initial section, to protect the flow former and / or ejection device and its nozzles and / or nozzles from the outside external mechanical damage and / or to provide ejection into the initial section of the liquid stream from the water source and / or water intake chamber. 14. A method of protecting fish from getting into the water intake, characterized in that in order to prevent fish from entering through areas unprotected by a hydraulic curtain formed by a jet stream flowing out of the nozzles and / or nozzles of the flow former and / or by a flat stream / streams formed by an ejection device, flow generator and / or ejection device is installed at a distance

from the water inlet, distance

from the flow generator and / or ejection device to the water intake opening, it is selected depending on the step t of nozzles and / or nozzles of the flow generator and / or ejection device and must be greater than or equal to the distance

from the outlet section of the nozzle and / or nozzle of the flow former and / or ejection device to the flow section at the confluence of the jets into a hydraulic curtain, i.e.

where t is the distance between the nozzles and / or nozzles or the step of the nozzles and / or nozzles; d ₀ is the diameter or width of the outlet section of the nozzle and / or nozzle of the flow former or the outlet section of the ejection device; α is the angle of the jet; wherein the velocity on the axis of the jet in the flow section at the confluence of the jets,

determined by the formula

where k is an empirical coefficient; u ₀ is the velocity of the jet from the nozzle and / or nozzle of the flow former and / or ejection device.

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