RU2695460C1 - Method for production of humus from vegetable wastes and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: municipal services.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods for utilization of fallen leaves from trees and shrubs in territories of settlements. Capacity of box-like structure is placed on ground area in soil. Periodically dense laying of vegetal wastes preliminarily moistened with solution of humus through layer of soil is performed on placed mesh partition in reservoir above its bottom until its complete filling. Providing watering of the contents of the container until the ripening of one of the next laid layers on the mesh partition. Removal of ripened layer from it is carried out by washing it with water, placed in cavity between mesh partition and bottom with sump on it, at its pulse action on it during its barbotage with subsequent sedimentation of its suspended particles into a settling tank in the form of a sludge mass at the bottom of the reservoir and its further pumping out from it with the help of an ion exchanger. Device for production of humus from plant wastes – fallen leaves, is a spatial thin-wall structure of polymer material with hydrophobic surface in the form of open container of box type. Container comprises a bottom with a chute-shaped settling tank for collection of mature humus and a mesh partition installed detachably above it, for planting wastes. Pipeline is equipped with a pipeline to feed water into the cavity formed between the bottom and the mesh partition, two air ducts: one for barbotage through its nipple jets of water in it in the zone of contact with the mesh partition and another one – for dropping excess air during barbotage from it into atmosphere, as well as pipeline for sludge-like humus pumping from settler.

EFFECT: obtaining humus in a closed cycle of vegetal wastes, periodically composted by layers, with the possibility of removal of a mature humus layer without opening the surface layer.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of ecology in land use, in particular to methods for producing humus from plant waste and devices for its implementation.

It is known that in land use when growing plants, a wide range of substrate is used, from natural soil on individual land plots to hydroponics on them. For growing plants, the most suitable are the territories of land plots with chernozem, which have a high content of humus (humus). At the same time, growing plants of the same culture for a long time at one place on the land depletes its fertility, making this place unsuitable for effective land use. In land use to maintain soil fertility in terms of its organic component, i.e. humus, a number of techniques are used, for example, introducing crop rotation when growing plants, growing siderat plants (lupine, sweet clover, buckwheat, etc.) and burying them in the soil, adding organic composts to the soil, etc. The method of preparing organic compost according to patent RU 2534287 C1 [1], which in some approximation, in terms of generality of the type of action of its implementation with the proposed technical solution, can be taken as an analogue. However, these methods do not allow for the production of humus from plant components (waste) in a closed cycle without violating the environment during land use.

The objective of the invention is the provision of humus from plant waste in a closed cycle during periodic stacking with layers with the possibility of removing the ripened layer of humus without opening the surface layer. The way to achieve it is that as a type of plant waste to obtain humus, fallen leaves from trees and shrubs are chosen and the space for their location in the form of a box of a given size placed in the ground on the land plot such as a box-shaped structure and on a placed mesh partition in a container above its bottom is carried out periodically tightly laying layer-by-layer previously moistened with a solution of humus of plant waste through a layer of soil until it is completely filled, then provide pouring water in a predetermined mode of the contents of the tank until the humus of one of the next laid layers ripens on the mesh partition, and the ripening layer of humus on the mesh partition of the tank is removed by washing it with water placed in the cavity between the mesh partition and the bottom with a settling tank on it, with a pulse its impact on it during its bubbling, followed by sedimentation of its suspended particles in a sump in the form of an ilopod mass at the bottom of the tank and its further pumping out of it using an sludge pump. The device itself for producing humus from plant waste, i.e. of fallen leaves, it is a spatial thin-walled structure made of a polymeric material with a hydrophobic surface in the form of an open box-shaped container of a given size and it contains a bottom with the location of a gutter-shaped settler in it for collecting ripened humus and a mesh partition installed detachably above it at a given height with a support and fixing on the stiffening ribs of its walls, for laying plant waste in it, and in addition it is equipped with a pipeline for supplying water to the cavity formed between th and the mesh wall, with two air ducts, ie one for sparging through its nipple jets of water in it in the zone of contact with the mesh partition and the other for discharging excess air during sparging from it into the atmosphere, and a pipeline for pumping the sludge-like humus from the sump.

A general diagram of the relationships of the resources involved in the implementation of this technical solution is shown in FIG. 1. So in the ground on a given plot of land flush with him is an open tank 1, which is a spatial thin-walled structure of a polymeric material with a hydrophobic box-like surface of a box type of a given size. The tank 1 (Fig. 1) contains a bottom 2 with an arrangement of a gutter-shaped sump 3 in it for collecting ripened humus. Inside the tank 1 at a given height from the bottom 2, a mesh partition 4 is installed detachably with support and fixation on the stiffening ribs 5 of its walls. The mesh partition 4 as a whole, as a rule, is mounted from separate sections of an arched shape with a given arrow of convexity from a material with high bearing capacity with its antifungal resistance. In another case, a thin polymer mesh with a smaller predetermined mesh clearance than that of the partition itself is laid on top of the mesh partition 4. In addition, the tank 1 is equipped with a pipe 6 for supplying water to the cavity 7 formed between the bottom 2 and the mesh partition 4, two air ducts, i.e. one air duct 8 with sleeves 9 and shutoff valves 10 for sparging through them, stepwise located water nipples 11 in the cavity 7 in the contact zone with the mesh partition 4 and another air duct 12 for discharging excess air during sparging from it into the atmosphere, and a pipe 13 for pumping sludge-like humus from the sump 3.

The implementation of this technical solution in one of the closed cycles consists in performing the sequence of the following actions (Fig. 1): tightly laying periodically layer-by-layer pre-moistened with humus solution of fallen leaves 14 40-50 cm thick through a layer of soil 15 to 4-5 cm on a mesh partition 4 containers 1 until it is completely filled in 3-4 layers; watering in a predetermined mode of maturation of humus in one of the next laid layers of plant waste on a mesh partition 4; filling the cavity 7 of the ripened humus on the mesh partition 4 by bubbling water in the cavity 7 with the outgoing pressurized air flows of their nipple jets 11 on the muffled sleeves 9 of the air duct 8 with control shutoff valves 10 and simultaneously dumping excess air from the cavity 7 through the air duct 12; removing by pumping an ilon pump through a pipe 13 from the sump 3 of the sludge-like mass formed in it from suspended particles of a blurred layer of humus on a mesh partition in the cavity 7 after they have settled. After removal of the ripened humus layer from the mesh septum 4 by washing, a sediment of contents 14 and 15 in the container 1 is observed under gravity by the value of its thickness, which is then supplemented by laying additional contents of layers 14 and 15 in it sequentially. The upper soil layer 16 can be used for useful plants 17 like growing them in a greenhouse when it is possible to heat it with heat released during the conversion (decay) of fallen leaves into humus.

The advantages of this technical solution are:

- obtaining and removing humus from plant waste in a closed cycle without violating the ecology of the environment;

- the possibility of complete mechanization of the processes of obtaining, transporting and using humus based on existing technical means in the utilities sector;

- the possibility of using soil on the land to obtain humus for the place of cultivation of useful plants with lower energy costs.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Patent for the invention RU 2534287 C1 IPC C05F 17/00 from 06/28/2013, publ. 11/27/2014, Bull. No. 33.

Claims (2)

1. The method of producing humus from plant waste, characterized in that the type of plant waste and the location of the plant waste in the space on the land plot are selected, the space on the land plot is filled with plant waste, the humus is ripened from the plant waste, and the ripened humus is removed from the space its receipt, while fallen leaves from trees and shrubs are selected as plant waste for humus production, and space for and x location in the form of a box-shaped structure placed in the ground on the land plot, on a placed mesh partition in the container above its bottom, periodically tightly lay the layers of pre-moistened solution of humus of plant waste through the soil layer until it is completely filled, then water the contents of the container until water is provided ripening of humus of one of the next laid layers on the mesh partition, and the removal of the ripened layer of humus on the mesh partition of the wire They are washed by washing it with water supplied to the cavity between the mesh partition and the bottom with a settling tank on it, when it is pulsed by bubbling it with subsequent sedimentation of its suspended particles into the settling tank in the form of an silt-like mass at the bottom of the tank and then pumping it out of it with using a sludge pump. 2. A device for producing humus from plant waste, i.e. fallen leaves, is a spatial thin-walled structure of a polymeric material with a hydrophobic surface in the form of an open box-type container, which contains a bottom with a gutter-shaped settler located in it for collecting ripened humus and a mesh partition installed detachably above it with support and fixation on its stiffeners walls, for laying plant waste on it, is equipped with a pipeline for supplying water to the cavity formed between the bottom and the mesh partition, two air ducts rows, ie, one for sparging through its nipple jets of water in it in the zone of contact with the mesh partition and the other for discharging excess air during sparging from it into the atmosphere, and a pipeline for pumping the sludge-like humus from the sump.

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