RU2694628C1 - Multifunctional gouter of seed planter for row-crop planting - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building; agricultural equipment.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agricultural machine building. Gouter of seed planter for row-crop planting comprises arrowheaded ploughshare, shank of which is fixed to post, behind which seed duct is arranged. Stand above shank is triangular in length of 80 mm. An arrowheaded ploughshare is made with a crushing angle of 0° and a gripping width of 80 mm. In the lower part of the rack there is a spiral made of spring wire Ø 3 mm, one end of which is a slit cutter located at angle of 30° to the vertical, the other one – by a seed seal installed at angle of 50° to the vertical.EFFECT: higher quality of seeds sealing during sowing, increased contact of seeds with soil, improved passage of germinal root in underlying layers of soil, cutting of weeds in protective zones.1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates

The field of technology relates to agricultural engineering and can be used in seed drills for sowing crops.

The level of technology

Known paw coulter, includes pointed blade (paw), stand, seed tube. (Klenin N.N., Sakun V.A. Agricultural and Land Reclamation Machines - M .: Kolos, 1994, p. 223, 231 ... 232)

The use of paw coulters provides for the presence of roll-on rollers. This condenses the top layer of soil over the seeds, which impairs aeration and hinders the emergence of seedlings on the surface.

Known paw coulter containing a lancet paw (plowshare), stand, in front of which the seven-conduit is installed, in the lower part, which is installed seed distributor. (RU 2369070, cl. MKI A01S 7/20, published on 10.10. 2009)

The disadvantage of this coulter is a large soil debris resistant with a paw, high metal intensity of the structure, uneven distribution of seeds across the width of the strip.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect, and adopted by the authors as a prototype, is a coulter-foot, including a stand, a pointed blade, a seed tube, with a knife-shaped stand installed along the axis of symmetry of the pointed blade, the front edge of which is pointed, the stand installed in the upper part a knife-shaped stand, between the wings of the lancet paw, parallel to the cutting edges of the wings of the lancet paw, is a plate in the shape of an isosceles triangle, the apex of which is directed in the direction of the st elchatoy legs, sides and is rigidly fixed to the inner sides of the wings lancet paws in the base plate in the form of an isosceles triangle is formed a horizontal groove, seminal duct mounted vertically on the axis of symmetry above the horizontal legs lancet slot plate and the rear side lower portion of the vas deferens is configured vertical groove. (RU 161564 publ. 04/27/2016.)

The disadvantage of this opener is the complexity of the design, and as a result of its low operational reliability, high consumption of materials, insufficient quality of seed placement.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The task that can be achieved with the present invention is to improve the quality indicators of seed embedding during sowing, increasing the contact of the seed with the soil, improving the passage of the embryonic root to the underlying soil layers, cutting the weeds in protective zones.

The technical result is achieved by the opener of the rowing drill, which contains a pointed blade with a shank, a seed tube, while the pointed blade is made with a tapering angle of 0 ° and a working width of 80 mm, and the shank is fixed to a stand made of a spring ∅3 mm wire, one end of which is a slit located at an angle of 30 ° to the vertical, the other is a seed compactor installed at an angle of 50 ° to the vertical, the seed tube is placed behind the stand, which is triangular above the shank oh forms on a length of 80 mm.

Brief description of drawings and other materials

FIG. 1 - 3D model of a lap multifunctional opener;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the coulter;

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the opener;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a handicraft of a dense seedbed and seeding of a seed;

FIG. 5 is a diagram of germination of germinating seeds.

The implementation of the invention

The opener of the rower drill includes a lamellae 1, a grip width of 80 mm and a crumbling angle of 0 °, from the shank 2 of 25 mm wide, fixed to the rack 3 with two M8 bolts. To the lower edge of the stand M12 4 bolt secured a spiral made of spring wire ∅3 mm, one end of which is directed downwards at an angle of 30 ° to the vertical and is a slit 5, the second one at an angle of 50 ° to the vertical protruding beyond the limits of the seed tube, the end part of which is bent and is a seal 6. Behind the rack is located seed tube 7.

Define the parameters of the multifunctional opener

Traction resistance lumbar

where, t _x - the width of the shank, m;

h _c - depth of seeding, m;

k - soil resistivity, N / m ² ;

- скорость рабочего движения, км/ч;

- the speed of the labor movement, km / h;

- коэффициент трения почвы по металлической поверхности

- coefficient of soil friction on the metal surface

μ - 0.05 ... 0.07 (km / h) ^-1 - speed ratio;

;

;

At t _x = 0.025 m; h _c = 0.04 m; k = 30,000 N / m ² ;

;

;

F _λ = [(0.025 ⋅ 0.04) 30000 ⋅ (1 + 0.49)] ⋅ [(1 + 0.06 (10 - 6)] = 51.8H.

Traction resistance of cholerase and seed line:

where, S _ut - schelereza working area, m ^2;

S _in - the working area of the seal, m ² ;

(S _sh + S _in ) = dh _u + d⋅h _in ;

where, d is the diameter of the spring wire, m;

h _y - the depth of the slit, m;

h _in - the depth of compaction, m;

(S _sh + S _in ) = 0.003 ⋅ 0.02 + 0.003 ⋅ 0.01 = 0.00006 + 0.00003 = 0.00009 m ² .

Then: F _schv = 0.00009 ⋅ 30000 ⋅ 1.16 = 3.1 N.

Hence, the traction resistance of the multifunctional opener:

F _c = F _λ + F _w ; F _c = 51.8 + 3.1 = 54.9H.

The deformation of the deflection shlereze:

- длина щелереза, мм;

Where,

- the length of the choke, mm;

[σ _n ] - allowable stress, kg / mm ² . [σ _n ] = 500 N / mm ² ;

E — modulus of elasticity, N / mm ² ; E = 2.1 10 ⁴ N / mm ² ;

The width of the lamellae is determined on the basis of the agrotechnical requirements for inter-row cultivation. During the first inter-row processing, the width of the protection zone on one side of the row should be from 3 to 5 cm, on average 4 cm. Hence, the catch width of the plowshare is 40⋅2 = 80 mm. The protective zone is an area that is not treated during cultivation, and it must be treated when sown.

In the process of work, the lancet blade 1 cuts weeds in two protective zones, the shank 2 cuts a sowing groove, in which, using a slit 5, it makes a gap up to 15 ... 20 mm deep. At the bottom of the grooves come the seeds from the seed tube 7, which are pressed by the compactor 6, ensuring good contact with the soil.

The soil falling from the stand 3 and the seed tube 7 covers the sowing groove with a layer of up to 15 ... 20 mm. It is a dry, finely lumpy soil. Weed seeds do not germinate in it, good aeration is provided, seedlings freely pass to it on the day surface.

The rack 3 is made of a triangular shape, reduces the hanging of plant residues on it.

The proposed coulter goes under the top layer, compacting and leveling the seedbed, which has a positive effect on germination.

Compared to other coulters, the proposed coulter has several advantages:

- the opener largely takes into account the biological characteristics of the seed;

- simultaneously with the sowing, weeds are pruned in the protective zone, preventing them from advancing the cultivated plants;

- germinal roots of seeds immediately penetrate into the crack and further into the underlying soil layers, providing the seeds with moisture and soil nutrition;

- Improving the contact of seeds with the soil increases their amicability and field germination, and consequently, yield.

- falling asleep seeds with a small layer of soil improves aeration and does not prevent sprouting on the day surface.

- with a lumpy top layer of soil disc, polosoid, keeled openers jump over the lumps, changing the depth of seed embedding.

Claims (1)

The opener of a row crop drill, containing a pointed blade with a shank, a seed tube, characterized in that the pointed blade is made with a crumbling angle of 0 ° and a grip width of 80 mm, and the shank is fixed to the stand, in the lower part of which a spiral is made of spring wire

3 mm, one end of which is a slit located at an angle of 30 ° to the vertical, the other is a seed compactor installed at an angle of 50 ° to the vertical, the seed tube is placed behind the stand, which is above the shank of a triangular shape for a length of 80 mm.

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