RU2691726C1 - Ramjet electric steam generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for conversion of electric energy to heat energy and creation of heat exchange, in particular to direct-flow electric steam generators. Direct-flow electric steam generator comprises flat ferromagnetic core with rods, primary windings arranged in the form of coils on rods and electrically insulated from them, means for forced supply of water into inner cavity of common tubular secondary winding, having supply and discharge branch pipes and located in magnetic field isolated from primary windings, and enveloping all rods of core so that around each rod forms closed turns, located in inter-coil space in turn one above another and electrically connected permanently outside in plane of pipe diameter, parallel to vector of magnetic induction of rod, and on periphery in inter-pipe space between coils remote cylindrical elements are installed, outer connected to coils by permanent connection in plane of pipe diameter parallel to vector of magnetic induction of rods.

EFFECT: invention provides creation of stable and reliable device, which can be easily controlled by means of simple electric control means.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for converting electrical energy into heat and creating heat exchange, in particular, to direct-flow electric steam generators.

Known electric paronagrevatel comprising a power unit vaporization induction steam generator from the secondary winding, a power unit superheater induction superheater to the secondary winding, a ferromagnetic core with a primary winding connected to the network, the secondary windings of the steam generator and superheater disposed on said ferromagnetic core, the secondary winding of the induction of the steam generator and induction superheater made in the form of a tubular conductor with inlet and outlet pipes for water passing through the interior of the inner conductor, the conductive surface of which is in the form of a closed sided Möbius surface (Patent RU № 171 694, publ. 13.06.2017, MPK H05B 6/10).

The disadvantage of this device is the cumbersome design and the subsequent complexity of the control units because The feature of the fluid flow in the above device requires, in addition to controlling the temperature of the steam at the outlet, to additionally control the temperature and pressure of feed water and steam in each power unit. In addition, connecting the device to the mains is single-phase, which is dictated by the design of the tubular secondary winding, made with a one-sided conductive surface. With an increase in power, a single-phase connection sharply reduces the device efficiency and creates inconveniences for the operation of the electrical supply network.

Also known electric steam generator, including a flat ferromagnetic core with rods designed to create a closed magnetic field in them, the primary windings, located in the form of coils on the rods and electrically isolated from them, the common tubular secondary winding located in a magnetic field isolated and covering all the rods ferromagnetic core so that around each rod forms one or more closed coils located in the space between the coils alternately over the other and connected electrically parallel non-separable outwardly in the plane of the diameter of the pipe parallel to the vector of magnetic induction of the rod, and on the periphery in the annular space between the turns there are one or more remote cylindrical elements connected externally to the coils by an integral connection in the plane of the diameters of the pipes parallel to the magnetic induction vector rods. In this case, the device can be made three-phase. (Patent RU No. 2658658, published on 06/22/2018, IPC H05B 6/10).

In direct-flow steam generators, the feedwater flow has a direct impact on the volume, temperature and vapor pressure at the steam generator outlet (see the book Kovalev AP "Steam generators", M., 1985, p. 226). Consequently, the feedwater supply to the steam generator can be used as a universal parameter for controlling the production of steam, provided that the steam pipe in which water is converted to steam, operates stably, with high efficiency and at its maximum heating power.

It should be noted that the electromagnetic process, which is excited in the inner cavity of the tubular secondary winding during the flow of a large amount of inductive alternating current along its cylindrical surface, contributes to the formation of steam in an induction steam generator. When an alternating current flows over the surface in the inner cavity of a cylindrical conductor, high-frequency electromagnetic radiation occurs with a critical wavelength equal to twice the diameter of the cylindrical inner cavity of the conductor cylinder, which does not extend beyond the inner cavity (see the book Kromina GS and Katkova EA "Fundamentals of radar technology", part 1, M., 1956, p 338, 346). As it was experimentally established by us, this radiation is mainly responsible for the accelerated dissociation of water molecules due to an increase in the amplitude of their vibrations under conditions of an increase in the heating temperature of the tubular secondary winding of an induction steam generator. According to the existing ideas, this electromagnetic radiation does not dissipate anywhere from the inner cavity of the conductor, and all its reactive energy in our case is spent on the separation of water molecules excited by thermal energy during its transition to the vapor state. Thus, the maximum efficiency of the process of vaporization in the inner cavity of the tubular secondary winding can be obtained provided that the maximum possible intensity of the electromagnetic process maintained in the inner cavity by alternating current flowing on the outer surface of the tubular conductor is maintained, which leads to an increase in the efficiency of the steam generator.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the incomplete efficiency of using the advantages of the induction method of producing steam from water in the tubular secondary winding of a once-through electric steam generator.

The technical objective of the proposed direct-flow electric steam generator is to increase the operational reliability, increase the steam generating capacity of the steam generator and expand the functionality.

This problem is solved due to the fact that the direct-flow electric steam generator includes a flat ferromagnetic core with rods, primary windings arranged in the form of coils on the rods and electrically isolated from them, means for forcing water into the internal cavity of the common tubular secondary winding having inlet and outlet nozzles located in a magnetic field isolated from the primary windings and covering all the rods of the ferromagnetic core so that it forms a deputy around each rod whip turns located in the interrail space alternately above each other and connected electrically in inseparably outwardly in the plane of the diameter of the pipe parallel to the magnetic induction vector of the rod, and on the periphery in the annular space between the turns installed remote cylindrical elements externally connected to the turns in one-piece connection in the plane of the diameter of the pipes parallel to the vector of magnetic induction of rods, a temperature sensor installed on the pipe section of the tubular secondary winding, bl to the discharge pipe, a vapor pressure sensor located on the discharge pipe, an external jumper consisting of two parallel buses located perpendicular to the coils of the tubular secondary winding and electrically connected to the initial and final coils at a distance from each other multiple of the radius of the tubular secondary winding, moreover, the length of the tubular secondary winding is a multiple of the radius of the tube of the tubular secondary winding. The specific feature of this steam generator is that the means for the forced supply of liquid are made with the ability to control the amount of liquid supplied to the internal cavity of the tubular secondary winding depending on the surface temperature of the tubular secondary winding, and a mechanical safety valve is installed on the discharge pipe.

The device is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 shows a General view of the electromagnetic inductor direct-flow electric steam generator (axonometry);

figure 2 presents the functional electro-hydraulic scheme of a once-through electric steam generator.

In this particular example, a direct-flow electric steam generator is made on the basis of a single three-phase transformer with a flat ferromagnetic core 1 with rods 2 on which the primary windings in the form of coils 3 are located. The primary windings in the form of coils 3 are connected to a source of electrical current through the control system 4. General The tubular secondary winding 5 is made of a solid pipe and has a supply 6 and a discharge 7 nozzles. The common tubular secondary winding 5 is insulated in a magnetic field and rolled up so that it covers all the rods 2 of a flat ferromagnetic core 1, while the rings in the mezzanine space adjoining each other in the plane of the pipe diameters parallel to the magnetic induction vector in the rods 2 are all-in-one connected in the area of the outer lintel 8 between the pipes of the tubular secondary winding 5, distance cylinders 9 are installed, increasing the mechanical rigidity of the tubular secondary winding 5 in the zone of the lintel 8, summing up 6 and its discharge pipes 7. External jumper 8 consists of two parallel current-carrying tires (not marked in Fig.), Non-detachably attached to supply 6 and outlet 7 nozzles, while the distance between the tires of external jumper 8 is equal to or multiple to the internal radius of the tubular pipe of the secondary winding 5. On the section of the tubular tube the secondary winding 5, close to the outlet nozzle 7, is equipped with a temperature sensor 10 connected by an information circuit with the control device 4. Means for forcing water to the supply nozzle 6 of the steam generator can include a control device, a coarse filter 11, a solenoid valve 12, electrically connected to the control device 4, a feed pump 13, electrically connected to the control device 4 via a regulator 14, allowing automatic and manual control of the feed pump 13, a check valve 16 and The feedwater pressure sensor 15, which is connected informationally with the control device 4. A steam pressure sensor 17 is installed on the discharge pipe 7, which is connected with the control device 4 and mechanically sky relief valve 18.

The design of the external jumper 8 in accordance with this device short circuits the tubular secondary winding 5, consists of two parallel buses spaced from each other by a distance times the inner radius of the tubular pipe of the secondary winding 5 and is a resonant oscillating circuit of an electromagnetic wave excited by an electric current in the inner cavity of the tubular secondary winding 5. If the length of the tube of the tubular secondary winding 5 is also a multiple of its internal radius (fourth After the critical wavelength of the tubular waveguide), a standing electromagnetic wave is established along the entire length of the tube and the effect of reactive energy on water in the internal cavity reaches its maximum, the stability of the effect increases, and the process of converting water to steam acquires high stability. The solution of this technical problem has opened up the possibility of using electric well-known steam generators, which reliably and stably operate in a wide range of control over consumer parameters of the steam they produce, by using well-known technical controls.

The direct-flow electric steam generator operates as follows. The steam generator is connected to a water source through a coarse filter 11 with a filtering caliber determined by the requirements of safe operation of the feed pump 13. Control device 4 is connected to an AC mains, the energy of which will be converted by the steam generator to an equivalent amount of thermal energy of steam. The control unit 4 contains the corresponding known in the art controls, with which you can make the working start and stop of the steam generator, algorithmic control, input parameters of the algorithmic control and emergency stop. When a start command is received, the solenoid valve 12 opens and the feed pump 13 is turned on, which supplies pressurized water through the check valve 16 to the supply pipe 6 of the tubular secondary winding 5. The feed pump 13 is turned on in the nominal mode of water supply set in advance manually by using a regulator 14. At the same time, using the control unit 4, coils 3 of the primary winding, located on rods 2 of the ferromagnetic core 1, are connected to a source of alternating electric current. As a result, the first coil 3 the primary winding 2 is induced in the rods alternating magnetic flux. Under the action of an alternating magnetic flux in short-circuited around each rod 2 turns of the tubular secondary winding 5, a strong current is induced, the short circuit of which using the external jumper 8 leads to intense heating of the tubular secondary winding 5 and the excitation of electromagnetic waves in its internal cavity. The heat from the heating of the tubular secondary winding 5 passes to the water moving through the inner cavity of the tubular secondary winding 5 under the pressure of the feed pump 13, and the electromagnetic radiation increases the amplitude of oscillation of water molecules and thereby contributes to the separation of hydrogen bonds of molecules and the transition of water from liquid to vapor form the action of thermal energy. The resonant properties of the external jumper 8 support the maximum level of electromagnetic radiation in the internal cavity. The water entering the internal cavity of the tubular secondary winding 5 evaporates, the saturated steam leaves through the discharge pipe 7, its pressure is monitored by the vapor pressure sensor 17. The temperature of the saturated steam corresponds to its pressure and monitored by the temperature sensor 10. The signals of the feed water pressure sensor 15, the vapor pressure sensor 17 and the temperature sensor 10 are information signals of the microprocessor control device 4, on the basis of which, in accordance with software algorithms, the control device 4 actuates the actuators of the steam generator - primary winding coil 3, solenoid valve 12, regulator 14 and feed pump 13. The steam generator operates at constant power, therefore the control device 4 controls the feed pump 13 and controller 14 depending on the signal from the temperature sensor 10 during production dry steam reduces the flow of water to the supply pipe 6, and during the production of wet steam increases the flow of water in accordance with known rules and flow control algorithms steam generator. The range of regulation from dry to wet steam depends on the stability of the tubular secondary winding 5, in which the stability of heat generation and the stability of the electromagnetic wave process are maintained. Any emergency mode during operation of the steam generator leads to overheating of the tubular secondary winding 5 and is fully controlled by the control device 4 according to a signal from the temperature sensor 10. Steam overpressure outside the outlet nozzle 7 (emergency mode in the consumer’s network) is limited by an emergency mechanical safety valve 18.

When testing a direct-flow electric steam generator designed and manufactured in accordance with this description, it was found that with a power consumption of 60 kW, the device produces steam in the range from 60 to 260 kg / h and can be used in a wide range of applications in various sectors of the national economy.

Claims (3)

1. In-line electric steam generator comprising a flat ferromagnetic core with rods, primary windings arranged in coils on rods and electrically insulated from them, means of forced water supply to the internal cavity of a common tubular secondary winding having inlet and outlet nozzles and located in a magnetic field isolated from the primary windings, and covering all the rods of the ferromagnetic core so that around each rod forms a closed coils located in the mezhatu The neck space is alternately above each other and connected electrically in inseparably outwardly in the plane of the tube diameter parallel to the magnetic core vector of the rod, and at the periphery in the annular space between the turns there are remote cylindrical elements connected outwardly to the coils in one-piece connection in the plane of the diameter of the tubes parallel to the magnetic induction vector rods, a temperature sensor mounted on the pipe section of the tubular secondary winding close to the outlet nozzle, the pressure sensor vapor, located on the outlet nozzle, external jumper consisting of two parallel tires located perpendicular to the coils of the tubular secondary winding and electrically connected to the initial and final coils at a distance from each other multiple of the radius of the tubular secondary winding, and the length of the tubular secondary winding the radius of the tubular tube of the secondary winding. 2. The direct-flow electric steam generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for forcibly supplying fluid are made with the ability to control the amount of fluid supplied to the internal cavity of the tubular secondary winding depending on the surface temperature of the tubular secondary winding. 3. The direct-flow electric steam generator according to claim. 1, characterized in that a mechanical safety valve is installed on the discharge pipe.

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