RU2690355C1 - Single-grade mower for cleaning grain crops from breeding plots ii stage of breeding works - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: one-row mower for harvesting grain crops from breeding plots of the II stage of breeding works includes a housing, track rollers, a cutting unit, a leash handle with controls, dividers-stalk rods and a hopper. Continuation of stem-dividers are active screw-splitters, parallel to each other at an acute angle to the field surface. Upper part of the dividers-stem lifters ends cylindrical screw clamps. Cylindrical screw augers are made with overlap.

EFFECT: mower provides improved quality of harvesting breeding material.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, namely, devices for harvesting grain crops.

The peculiarity of the second stage of breeding works is that 30-150 plants are cut from the plots from one selected row and form bundles of them. Daily output at breeding stations averages 300 beams per day. The cleaning process at this stage is poorly mechanized and the cleaning is mainly done with a sickle or scissors, which leads to low productivity and other negative factors.

Known machine - an experimental model of a self-propelled divider - raspseed plant lifter on breeding plots (Shaforostov VD, Efimkin NV, Pogorelov VN. Machinery and equipment for the mechanization of seed-breeding works // Oil crops. Scientific and technical bulletin VNIIMK. - 2015. - №1 (161). - P. 101-108.) Consisting of a frame, cone dividers, engine, gearbox, pump of adjustable capacity, hydraulic motor and reverse mechanism (analog) - PHOTO.

The disadvantages of the known machine are: the machine is not a cleaning agent, it has a narrow specialization and is used to work only with rapeseed, and the size of the machine does not allow working on plots of the second stage of breeding.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed is a machine - mower manual for single-row plots (patent RU №2487521, IPC A01D 34/08, 201 1 g) consisting of a body, road wheels, a cutting unit, a handle - a leash with controls, wheel carriage, divider - stem return and gate trap - drive (prototype) - PHOTOS.

The disadvantages of the well-known machine are simple stationary stem lifters, which do not provide the required quality of harvesting on laid breads and are not capable of separating tangled stems, it requires additional preparation of the plot and, accordingly, an increase in labor costs; the lack of a plant containment system when they are cut by a cutting apparatus has a negative impact on the quality of the cut and may lead to the fall of the plants beyond the mower at the time of the cut; a shutter-trap made of a rod does not fix the stems during the cut, and when cutting long plots it does not guarantee the high-quality formation of large bunches.

An object of the invention is to increase labor productivity, by eliminating additional preparation of the plot, improving the quality of harvesting the breeding material.

The technical goal is achieved by the fact that the mower is one-row for harvesting grain crops from breeding plots of the second stage of breeding work including a housing, track rollers, a cutting unit, a leash handle with controls, a wheel carriage, a divider-stalk diverter and a hopper active screw dividers-stem lifters, located parallel to each other at an acute angle to the field surface, the upper part of which is placed above the cutting unit and is cylindrical Coy, wherein the cylindrical portion of the blade fitted with overlap.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the kinematic diagram of a single-row mower for harvesting grain crops from breeding plots of the second stage of breeding work, a general view; and in fig. 2 - top view.

One-row mower for harvesting grain crops from breeding plots of the second stage of breeding works includes case 1, track rollers 2, cutting unit 3 and leash handle 4 with controls, divider-stem driver 5, taper active screw dividers-steamer lifters 6 with cylindrical auger gripper 7, the drive system 8 and the accumulator 9. The tapered active screw-splitter 6 consists of two screws placed parallel to each other in a plane located at an acute angle to the field surface. A cylindrical screw grip 7 is located directly above the cutting apparatus 3 and is designed so that the working areas of the turns of the adjacent screws are installed with overlap and form a grip. The drive system 8 for conical screw dividers-steamer-lifters 6 with a cylindrical screw-grab 7 is made so that, during operation, the turns of their screws move the stems between the screws to the side of the accumulator 9.

The presence of conical active screw dividers-steamer 6. provides high-quality separation of entangled stems. Their location parallel to each other at an acute angle to the surface of the field provides for the growth of laid stems. The placement of the upper cylindrical part of the dividers 7, the blades of which are installed with an overlap, above the cutting unit 3, makes it possible to fix the stems at the moment of cutting.

The work of a single-row self-propelled mower is as follows.

The operator places the mower in front of a row of breeding crops, brings divider-stalk 5 to the stems of plants to be cut. After that, it turns on the cutting unit 3, the drive system 8 and begins to move in a row. The stalks of plants, passing through the divider-stem 5, are picked up and lifted by a conical active auger dividers-stem lifter 6, they are kept from breaking up in the process of moving the mower. The stems prepared in this way fall into a cylindrical screw grab 7, located above the cutting apparatus 3, where they are cut. Cylindrical screw capture 7, continuing to hold the stems after the cut, feeds them into the drive 9. Served in the drive 9, the stems form a bundle. The cylindrical screw auger 7 and the body elements 1, which form a closed rigid structure, prevent the cut plants from turning backwards. Upon completion of cutting the entire row, the formed bundle of plants is picked up by the operator, bandages it with string, attaches a label and places it on the harvested field. The operator transfers the mower to the next plot and the process repeats.

The effectiveness of this invention is to increase productivity by cleaning by 15-20% and the quality of cleaning of the breeding material.

Claims (1)

One-row mower for harvesting grain crops from breeding plots of the second stage of breeding works, including a housing, track rollers, a cutting unit, a leash handle with controls, a wheel carriage, a stem-stalk divider and a hopper, characterized by the fact that it is equipped with cone active screw dividers stem lifters, arranged parallel to each other at an acute angle to the surface of the field, the upper part of which is located above the cutting unit and is cylindrical, with the blade of the cylindrical part set vlena with overlap.

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