RU2689526C1 - Method of producing humic fertilizer and process line for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of peat processing in order to obtain water-soluble humic substances used as stimulators of growth and development of plants. Method is carried out in several stages. At the first stage, water is prepared, for which water is supplied by a high-pressure pump at 15 atm through a cavitation head with a solenoid valve, changing the oxidation-reduction potential of ORP from +100 to +400 mV to -150 to -180 mV. At the second stage one performs mixing of peat, prepared water and reagents: potassium alkali KOH or chicken manure. At the third stage, product is settled. At the fourth stage, the offal product is centrifuged with separation into dense and liquid fractions. Thick fraction of the form of the paste is packed and used as a soil-modifying agent. Liquid part is supplied to the next fifth stage, where microelements are added to the liquid fraction and the obtained liquid humic fertilizer is packed. Humic acid production line humic fertilizer includes: water treatment unit comprises high-pressure pump 15 atm, a cavitation head with a solenoid valve, a mixing unit, a product settling unit, a centrifugation unit, a unit for adding microelements and packing the obtained liquid humic fertilizer.EFFECT: technical result is obtaining two final products: liquid humic fertilizer, which improves assimilability of microelements by plants and promotes their active growth, such consistency, which prevents clogging of nozzles on field and drip irrigation installations, and a paste which is used as a soil-reclaimer for desert gardening.2 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The group of inventions relates to the field of peat processing in order to obtain water-soluble humic substances used as stimulants for the growth and development of plants.

Alkaline aqueous extraction underlies various methods of producing water-soluble humates [see, for example, R.N. Kravchenko. and others. Technological mode of obtaining humates from peat and some characteristics of the drug. Collection of ″ humic fertilizers. Theory and practice of their application ″. Ed. ″ Dnepropetrovsk Agricultural Institute ″, 1983, p. 62-67.].

A method of obtaining humic fertilizer, including preliminary hydrodynamic water treatment, peat grinding and preparation of water-peat suspension, ozonation of water-peat suspension, exposure to alkaline reagent, cavitation, hydration and separation of the liquid fraction, and the amount of alkaline reagent required for processing peat-water suspension, is determined by the reaction of neutralizing the aqueous suspension of peat (in a ratio of 1: 3) potassium alkali to a pH of 6.5-7.5. Also described is a process line for implementing a method for producing a humic preparation. The invention allows to improve the quality of the final product (see EN 2573358 C1 published 01.20.2016).

The disadvantages of previously known humic fertilizers and their production lines are clogged nozzles due to the fact that the final product has a thicker consistency, as well as insufficient redox potential (ORP) of water (+70 - (+100), which is far from the cell level of plants Therefore, when using previously known fertilizers, they contain a low amount of natural biologically active substances, salts of fulvic and humic acids, macro- and micro elements in chelate form, convenient for plants to assimilate.

The purpose of this group of inventions is to eliminate the above disadvantages, to prevent clogging of the nozzles, as well as to increase the ORP of water from -150 to -180, which is closest to the cell level of plants, which improves the digestibility of trace elements by plants and promotes their active growth. In addition, the resulting humic fertilizer contains a large amount of natural biologically active substances, salts of fulvic and humic acids, macro- and micro elements in chelate form.

The technical result of the present group of inventions is the possibility of obtaining two final products: humic fertilizer, which is of such a consistency, which prevents the nozzles from clogging up on field and drip irrigation plants; and pasta (peat particles), which is used as a soil modifier for desert landscaping, also improves the digestibility of trace elements by plants and promotes their active growth.

Liquid humic fertilizer is produced from milled lowland peat and specially prepared water, (water preparation is described below).

Designed for pre-sowing (preplant) treatment of seeds and planting material, as well as for foliar and root dressings.

This technical result is implemented through the following methods of obtaining humic fertilizer on a particular production line, which include the following.

The method of obtaining humic fertilizer includes the preparation of peat and water. When this method is carried out in several stages. At the first stage, water is prepared, for which water is supplied with a high-pressure pump of 15 atm. through a cavitation head with an electro-magnetic valve, changing the redox potential (ORP) from +100 to + 400 mV. to - 150 to -180 mV. At the second stage, the peat, prepared water and reagents are mixed: potassium alkali (KOH) or chicken manure. At the third stage, the product is settled. At the fourth stage, centrifugation of the settled product is performed with its separation into a thick fraction in the form of a paste, which is then packaged and used as a soil modifier, and the liquid portion is fed to the next fifth stage. At the fifth stage, microelements are added to the liquid fraction and the resulting liquid humic fertilizer is packaged.

The production line for producing humic humic fertilizer contains a water treatment unit, which contains a high-pressure pump of 15 atm., A cavitation head with an electro-magnetic valve. A mixing unit containing a cavitation unit with a high-pressure pump of 15 amt., And a tank for mixing products. Sludge assembly of a product represented by 6 vat reactors. The centrifuge unit, represented by a centrifuge with a rotation speed of 4000 rpm. Site add trace elements and packing the resulting liquid humic fertilizer.

 At the first stage, water is prepared. For this purpose, cavitation treatment is carried out by changing the ORP of water for better absorption at the cellular level, for example, of protein, amino acids and trace elements found in peat. The ORP of water from the tap +100 to + 400 mV., After the cavitation process, the ORP becomes from -150 to -180 mV, which allows to improve the digestibility of trace elements by plants and promotes their active growth. In addition, the resulting humic fertilizer contains a large amount of natural biologically active substances, salts of fulvic and humic acids, macro- and micro elements in chelate form.

At the first stage, water is prepared in a water preparation unit. For what water high pressure pump 15 atm. distilled through a cavitation head with an electro-magnetic valve.

The next stage of the second includes: mixing peat, prepared water and reagents: potassium alkali (KOH) or chicken manure, for a more complete release of humic substances and saturating the fertilizer with nitrogen node for stitching products containing a cavitation unit with a high-pressure pump of 15 atm. and mixing tank. The stage of mixing is carried out in the node mixing these products. At the same time, in the second stage, the ORP of the water changes, since at this stage a cavitational installation with a pump of 15 amt is also used.

At the third stage, settling of the product is carried out, this stage is carried out in the sludge unit of the product, represented by 6 bottoms reactors.

At the fourth stage: in the center of centrifugation, centrifuging is performed at a rotation speed of 4000 rpm, which will allow separating the settled product into a thick fraction in the form of paste, which is then packaged and used as a soil modifier for gardening deserts. The liquid part is fed to the next fifth stage, where microelements are added to the liquid fraction and the resulting liquid humic fertilizer is packaged, the liquid consistency of humic fertilizer is obtained to prevent the nozzles from clogging up on field and drip irrigation plants.

Thus, the humic fertilizer obtained by the claimed method, by changing the ORP of water at the production stage, has a stimulating effect and fungicidal activity. Improves the soil structure, increases the content of organic matter and easily digestible nutrients.

Invaluable influence of humates on the composition and structure of the soil. Thanks to their use, soil degradation is prevented, a gradual accumulation and restoration of humus in the soil is ensured, and the fertility of depleted lands is restored. They also have a beneficial effect on soil structure, increasing gas permeability and moisture retention rates, reducing soil erosion. With the systematic use of humates, the soil structure improves, its buffer and ion-exchange properties, soil microorganisms become more active.

The use of humates is necessary:

1) on alkaline soils with low iron content;

2) on sandy, sandy sandy soils with a low content of organic matter (humus);

3) on acidic, podzolic soils with a low content of humus simultaneously with liming;

4) on saline soils (salt marshes);

5) on calcareous soils.

The introduction of humic preparations reduces the mobility of heavy metals. For example, the mobility of copper is reduced by 15%, zinc by 50%, lead by 25%, cadmium by 15%.

Humate is also used for soil deoxidation. With the introduction of humates, the acidity of the soil decreases on average by 0.3-0.5 units. pH, the content of mobile potassium compounds increases by 30-40% (in some embodiments by 90% compared with the control), the content of mobile phosphorus increases by 20-40%, the content of total nitrogen by 20-30%.

The combined use of humates with mineral fertilizers and plant protection products reduces the consumption of mineral fertilizers by up to 30-40%, pesticides - up to 20-30%, which significantly reduces the environmental impact on man-made.

The use of humates, providing a tangible improvement in the ecological condition of the cultivated land, allows to significantly increase the climatic stability and yield of cultivated plants and green spaces.

The advantage of the obtained humic fertilizer is shown in table 1.

CHARACTERISTIC ACT mineral fertilizers Patented fertilizer Purpose Valid only for feeding plants, as nutrients
(mostly NPK) Provide optimal growth and development of plants in any vegetation phase, which leads to an increase in yield by 15-50%, shortening the time of ripening of the crop, to the absence of putrefactive diseases on plants and soil, accelerates the process of plant adaptation to specific soil-climatic conditions Plant digestibility They are absorbed by 18-22%, the remaining amount of active ingredients remains in a form inaccessible to plants, being a kind of paid-up ballast. Help improve plant nutrition. Humic acids in the composition form complex compounds with phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen and microelements, which are easily absorbed by plants. In this case, those elements that were previously in inaccessible form are involved, and the control panel is not affected. Action in terms of improving soil fertility Useless, because they do not contain organic parts. Soil fertility is restored in a short time even under extreme conditions: after oil spills, fires, floods, mudflows, in deserts Impact on soil microflora They destroy a significant part of the beneficial soil microflora, disrupting the natural biochemical and micro-biological processes in the soil. In addition, the destruction of beneficial microflora leads to an increase in the number of pathogenic, which gives an outbreak of disease. The strength of Azotobactera, Fosfobactera and Bacillus subtilis is developed in the soil, restoring a single biochemical and microbiological process. Destroy pathogenic microflora causing diseases in the soil and on plants The fight against diseases in the soil and on plants Useless They fight against diseases of bacterial, fungal, viral nature: late blight, fomoz, fusarium, powdery mildew, downy mildew, black leg, tobacco spotted mosaic, rhizoctoniosis, etc. Neutralization of plant protection chemicals Useless Neutralize the action of chemical. remedies, restoring immunity and reducing the concentration of poisons in plants and fruits Action in adverse weather conditions Act properly in a certain range of temperatures and humidity values, with an excess of moisture or drought does not work.
On the resistance of plants to adverse weather conditions are not affected. Designed for all climatic zones and all types of crops. Impact on soil humus They destroy soil humic acids, reducing the percentage of humus and, as a result, their fertility. Sharply increase the concentration of humic acids in the soil, which over time leads to an increase in the percentage of humus. Effect on the taste and nutritional value of agricultural products With an excess give products of degraded quality. Improve taste and keeping quality of agricultural products. Environmental Safety Abuse of mineral leads to environmental catastrophe, lower yields, deterioration of the ecological purity of agricultural products. They convert heavy metals and other harmful or radioactive elements, including toxic industrial waste and environmentally hazardous chemicals, into an inert, inaccessible to plant form, increasing the ecological properties of the soil. Products are environmentally friendly.

Table 2 - Effect of patented humic fertilizer on the yield of spring barley during processing in the tillering stage

Option Productivity, kg / ha Difference with control centners per hectare % control 16,1 - - Patented humic fertilizer 20.3 4.2 26.1

      As can be seen from the available data, the processing of spring barley in the tillering stage with humic fertilizers obtained at the peat processing line allowed an increase in yield by 26%.

The fertilizer showed excellent results in field trials and is registered with the Ministries of Agriculture of Russia, Serbia and Georgia. There are stages of registration in Egypt and Italy.

Claims (2)

1. A method of obtaining humic fertilizer, including the preparation of peat and water, characterized in that the method is carried out in several stages: in the first stage, water is prepared, for which water is supplied with a high-pressure pump at 15 atm through a cavitation head with an electromagnetic valve reduction potential of ORP from +100 to + 400 mV to -150 to -180 mV, in the second stage, mixing peat, prepared water and reagents: potassium alkali KOH or chicken manure, in the third stage, settling of the product, at the fourth stage, centrifugation of the settled product is performed with its separation into a thick fraction in the form of a paste, which is then packaged and used as a soil modifier, and the liquid part is fed to the next fifth stage, where trace elements are added to the liquid fraction and packaged liquid humic fertilizer is packaged. 2. The humic humic fertilizer production line according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a water preparation unit, which contains a high pressure pump of 15 atm, a cavitation head with a solenoid valve, a mixing unit containing a cavitation unit with a high pressure pump of 15 atm, and a tank for mixing products, a product sludge unit represented by 6 bottoms reactors, a centrifuging unit represented by a centrifuge with a rotation speed of 4000 rpm, a unit for adding trace elements and packing the resulting liquid humic fertilizer.