RU2688360C1 - Moisture-saving roll unit to the magomadov tractor plough - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agricultural machine building. Water-proof packing unit to plow of tractor comprises main frame connected with tow bar, on which roller in form of drum is installed, on which discs with parallel rigidly fixed on them bars of square shape are installed at equal distance from each other. To the main frame lifting semi-frame of trapezoidal shape is fixed by means of two levers installed on its end parts. Harrow is fixed to lifting semi-frame with possibility of lifting by means of hydraulic cylinder. Hydraulic cylinder is installed on the arc-shaped frame and by its one end is fixed in the middle part of the lifting semi-frame, and by the other end – it is fixed to the middle of the main frame and the drawbar. Drawbar is made of two parts, the first of which is fixed to the middle of the main frame and additionally equipped with two couplers, and the second one – with one end to the first part with the possibility of the roller turning, and by the other one – by means of the connecting device to the tractor plough.EFFECT: higher quality of pre-sowing tillage of soil, simplified design of unit and increased efficiency and reliability in operation.1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to moisture-saving compactor unit to the tractor plow and can be used to make tractor hydraulic units that perform spring and autumn pre-sowing work.

The level of technology

A combined soil-cultivating unit is known, which includes a frame and disk batteries attached to it, placed at an angle to the transverse line of the unit, loosening tools, such as flat-cutting legs and a roller with working elements, while the working elements of the roller, for example, toothed ribs, are arranged along multiple helixes , having the direction of winding towards the rear ends of the disk batteries and the variable pitch of the spirals wound, larger in the trail of the rear ends of the disk batteries.

In the aggregate, the angle between the spiral line and the spinning surface of the roller forming the body does not exceed 10 ° in the track of the rear ends of the disk batteries and is 30-50 ° in the trace of the front ends of the disk batteries (see Pat. RU No. 2108014, IPC А01В 49/02 , published on 04/10/1998).

The disadvantage of this unit is the complexity of the design, bulkiness, intensity, unstable work on the slopes.

A soil tillage roller is known, which includes rims-disks fixed on an axis, of which the extreme and middle are installed perpendicular to the axis, and toothed strips with the same pitch of hollows and protrusions fixed on the rims-disks, while rims-disks located between the extreme and middle ones are installed mirror-symmetrically with respect to the plane of symmetry of the roller perpendicular to the axis of the roller, at an angle to the axis of at least 70 °, grooves are made in the rims for accommodating the toothed strips, while the adjacent planks are set offset to sowing direction by the amount of depression of a step or protrusion, wherein the diameter of the rim-disk equal to the diameter of the circle circumscribing the projections toothed splines.

In the tillage roller, the toothed slats can be attached to the rim discs inclined to the axis of the roller, the angle of which does not exceed 10 °.

In the tillage roller, toothed strips can be attached to the rim-discs parallel to the axis of the roller (see US Pat. RU No. 2213437, IPC А01В 29/04, publ. 10.10.2003).

The disadvantage of this tillage rink is the complexity of the design, low productivity.

Known combined tillage working body that contains a bar skating rink with alternating square rods, bearing assemblies attached to the rear links of the four-link parallelogram suspension, mounted under the roller flat knife with racks having the ability to move up and down, back and forth, while the bars form a rhombic the surface of the rink by alternating rods installed parallel to the axis and below it, and to the outer front edges of parallel rods in the chess In order, the needles are fixed, some of which enter the inner space of the bar skating rink, some of them go outside, with the needle projection being 0.4 ... 0.5 from the flight into the space of the bar skating rink, and the crush angle of the flat knife is 5 ... 7 °.

In the combined soil-cultivating working body, the angle of inclination of the bars to the axis of the bar skating rink is 18 ... 27 ° and is equal to the angle of friction of the soil on the steel surface (see Pat. RU №2514994, IPC А01В 33/00, published on 10.05.2014).

The disadvantage of this combined tillage working body is the complexity of the design, the low reliability of the working body, the low quality of the soil preparation.

Known mounted roller to the tractor plow, including a roller-like roller in the shape of a drum mounted on a support frame fixed at the ends of the latter, in the disks of which the slats are fixed, mounted the attachment, while the attachment is made of long and short levers with the possibility of mounting the drum perpendicular to the direction movement of the tractor, with each of the levers holding a shock absorber to adjust the height of the roller above the soil level and the pressure of the roller to the soil, the support frame is fixed with a long and short they levers via ladders with the end plate, and the attachment is fixed to the plow with two transitional finger plates (see. US Pat. RU №177524, IPC A01V 49/00, publ. 28.02.2018 g).

The disadvantage of this roller is low operational reliability of the mounted roller to the tractor plow and the quality of soil preparation.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect and adopted by the author as a prototype is a combined tillage device and a method for preparing the upper sowing moisture-saving soil layer, attached to the plows, carrying frame attached to the plows or flat slices, ringed rollers and active needle parts having curved needles facing concavity in the direction of rotation of the discs, while it is equipped with a floating frame, below the parallel flax attached to the carrier frame by means of a hinged suspension with the ability to control its removal from the carrier frame, passive needle-shaped discs having curved needles convexity in the direction of rotation of the discs, and a mulch drum - harrow, ring rollers are mounted in rows on the carrier frame in its front and rear parts, and between the rows of ringed rollers there is a floating frame, on which needle disks are mounted in rows, with at least one row of ac ivnyh needle disks and the middle and rear parts of the floating frame has at least two rows of the passive needle disks while mulching drum - harrow is secured to the rear support frame and consists of several independently rotatable sections.

In the adaptation of the drum section - the harrows are made with plate knives mounted at an angle of 20-30 ° to the axis of the drum - harrow and having a cutting edge, sharpened at an angle of 32 °.

In the device ringed rollers and needle disks are installed respectively on the carrier and floating frames with the possibility of entry of disks and rollers of one row into the intervals between the disks or rollers of each adjacent row to a depth equal to 0.1-0.2 of the diameter of the disks or rollers of the surface (see Pat. RU №2140136, IPC AV 79/00, AV 49/02 publ. 10.27.2014.

The disadvantage of this combined tillage working body is the complexity of the design, the low reliability of the working body, the low quality of the soil preparation.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The task of the invention is to develop a moisture-saving packing unit to the tractor plow, which has a simplified design, efficient operation, high reliability and quality of pre-sowing soil preparation, by creating an upper sowing moisture-saving soil layer consisting of the upper loose mulch layer, the lower coarse layer and between them compacted soft-edged layer, which prevents the evaporation of moisture from the underlying soil layer, without I have additional farm machinery or extra passes.

The technical result, which can be obtained using the present invention, is reduced to the high quality of pre-sowing soil preparation, simplifying the design of the unit and increasing efficiency and reliability in operation, which makes it possible to solve the technical problem of improving the quality of pre-sowing soil preparation, by grinding large fractions of the surface soil layer with its subsequent alignment while simplifying the design of the unit and increasing efficiency and reliability in operation.

The technical result is achieved with the help of a moisture-saving packing unit to the tractor plow, which contains a drum-shaped roller, on which disks with parallel rods rigidly fixed on them and mounted on the main frame connected to the drawbar are mounted at an equal distance from each other, connected to the roller , hydraulic cylinder, connecting device to the plow, while it is additionally equipped with a lifting half-frame, made of a trapezoidal shape with two levers mounted on the end parts of the semi-frame, with the possibility of the possibility of fastening to the main frame and lifting the harrow and the arcuate frame on which the hydraulic cylinder is installed, one end of which is fixed in the middle part of the semi-frame and the other end to the middle of the main frame and on the drawbar, the latter being made of two parts, the first part of which is fixed to the middle of the main frame and is additionally equipped with two tie-rods, and the second part is fixed at one end to the first with the possibility of turning the roller, and the other through a connecting device to the tractor plow, while the rods are square square rmy.

Thus, since during the preparation of the semi-pair, the main task is to grind large fractions of the surface layer of the soil with its subsequent leveling, which is carried out using the present invention, which eliminates the need

additional tillage by cultivators, which in turn reduces the cost and improves the quality of the soil preparation process, for example, for planting winter crops, by performing a moisture-saving press unit to the tractor plow containing a roller in the form of a drum, which is equipped with disks at equal distances from each other with parallel rods fixed to them and mounted on the main frame connected to the drawbar, a harrow connected to the roller, a hydraulic cylinder, a connecting device to the plow, while complementing It is equipped with a lifting half-frame, made of a trapezoidal shape with two levers mounted on the end parts of the semi-frames, with the possibility of fastening to the main frame and lifting the harrow and an arcuate frame on which a hydraulic cylinder is installed, one end of which is fixed in the middle part of the semi-frame and the other to the middle of the main frame and on the drawbar, while the latter is made of two parts, the first part, which is attached to the middle of the main frame and additionally equipped with two ties, and the second part is fixed at one end to the first with possibility of reversing the roller, and another through a connecting device to the tractor plow, while the rods are square-shaped, while simplifying the design of the unit and increasing its operational reliability, and, as the unit is mounted, it also increases the maneuverability of the tractor when turning to the next circle, and also reduces the time of agrotechnical cultivation, which allows for the timely planting, for example, of winter crops.

Brief description of drawings and images

спереди.FIG. 1 is a diagram of a moisture-saving packing unit to the tractor plow, a general view in perspective

in front.

FIG. 2, too, the mounting unit to the tractor plow, side view.

FIG. 3, too, rink.

FIG. 4, too, a roller with a silent block with a plate for fixing the main frame of the roller.

FIG. 5, too, the first part of the drawbar, a general view.

FIG. 6, too, the second part of the drawbar, a general view.

The implementation of the invention

The moisture saving press unit to the plow (not shown in Fig.) Of the tractor (not shown in Fig.) (See Fig. 1-6) consists of a roller 1 in the form of a drum, made of a thick-walled pipe 2, which is the basis of the roller 1 on which Equal distance from each other wearing discs 3 typesetting with parallel bars rigidly fixed to them with rods 4, made square in shape and fixed to the main frame 5 connected to the drawbar 6, with the flanges 7 welded to the ends of the pipe 2 of the roller 2 of the hub 8 using a bolt (not shown in fig.), which is included in Morning of the pipe 2 of the roller 1, and in the outer part there remains an axis (not shown in fig.) of the hub 8, onto which an axial block of 9 and a plate 10 mounted on the silentblock secured by means of a nut (not shown in the fig.) to the axis of the hub 8 9, with the possibility of establishing on the plate 10 of the main frame 5 of the roller 1, while the roller 1 is connected in series with the harrow 11, with the help of an additionally equipped with a lifting frame 12, made of a trapezoidal shape with two levers 13 mounted on the end parts of the frame 12, with the possibility fastening to wasps using the fingers (in FIG. not shown) and equipped with leads (not marked in fig.) for fastening the harrow 11, while lifting the harrow 11 is performed using a hydraulic cylinder 14 installed in an arcuate frame (not shown in the fig.) between the harrow 11 in the middle part of the semi-frame 12 above the roller 1 and then on the drawbar 6, while the latter is made of two parts, the first part, which is fixed to the middle of the main frame 5 by means of a king pin (not shown in Fig.) on which are installed the tie rods 15 on both sides, for rigidity and to facilitate the roller to turn 1, and the second part The head 6 is fixed at one end to the first one by means of a pin (not shown in Fig.) rotatably with roller 1, and the other part by means of a connecting device (not shown in Fig.) to the tractor plow, and the second part is fixed to the connecting device ( in Fig. not shown) using a finger (not shown in Fig.), the execution of the drawbar 6 in two parts and the connection between them through the king pin relieves the load on both parts of the drawbar 6 when turning and makes the unit maneuverable when working with the tractor plow.

The moisture saving press unit to the tractor plow, is operated as follows.

Before starting work, a moisture-saving compacting unit is coupled with standard attachments of the working parts (not shown) of the tractor plow using a connecting device, as well as with the hydraulic cylinder 14 and when the tractor plow moves, the disks 3 of the roller 1 with parallel rods 4 fixed to them square-shaped, the roller 1, mounted on the main frame 5, performs a good seal, enters the ground close to the vertical, and leaves almost flat, with the result that roller 1 digs up well, cuts off The ebni breaks lumps, aligns and seals the field surface after the tractor plow passes, and the harrow 11 mounted on an additionally equipped lifting frame 12, made a trapezoidal shape with two levers 13 mounted on the end parts of the half frame 12 and fixed to the main frame 5 with fingers and leads for fastening the harrow 11, loosens the top layer of pre-sowing soil preparation, while creating an upper sowing moisture-saving soil layer consisting of an upper loose mulch layer, lower The large coarse layer and the compacted soft coarse layer located between them, which prevents evaporation of moisture from the underlying soil layer, ensures high quality of preplant soil preparation, and the harrow 11 is lifted using a hydraulic cylinder 14 installed in the arcuate frame located between the harrow 11 in the middle part of the half frame 12 above roller 1, and which is then installed in the drawbar 6, moreover, since the ends of the pipe 2 of the roller 1 are welded to the flanges 7, fastening the hub 8 with a bolt, which are inside the pipe 2 ka 1, and in the outer part remains the axis of the hub 8, on which, through the silent block 9, fixed with a nut, the main frame 5 of the roller 1 is mounted on the axis of the hub 8 and plate 10 mounted on the silent block 9, while the roller 1 is connected in series with the harrow 11, with the help of the lifting half-frame 12, the silent block 9 suppresses vibrations transmitted from one node to another, which is a rubber-metal hinge (in FIG. not shown) made of two metal bushings (not shown in Fig.), between which there is a rubber elastic insert (not shown in Fig.) and they serve to connect the suspension parts (not shown in Fig.) and due to the elastic insert between bushings (rubber or polyurethane) damps vibrations, in this case, since the drawbar 6 is made of two parts, the first part, which is fixed to the middle of the main frame 5, on which are mounted on both sides 15 couplers, which create rigidity, manageability, mobility and make it easier to turn around The twist and backward movement of the unit, and the second part of the drawbar 6 fixed at one end to the first one by means of a pivot, also creates a turn of the roller 1, and the other part is connected to the tractor plow by means of a connecting device, and the second part is fixed to the connecting device by means of a finger, also creates controllability and mobility, with the execution of the drawbar 6 of two parts and the connection between them through the king pin relieves the load on both parts of the drawbar 6 when turning and makes the unit maneuverable when working with a trawl plow ktoru.

Thus, using the proposed design of a moisture-saving packer unit to the tractor plow, improved maneuverability and free movement across the field, as well as postponing the first cultivation for 5-7 days, and therefore, the equipment that was supposed to be engaged in cultivation for other needs, the roller 1 also serves as an indicator of the "ripeness" of the soil, since the sticking of the roller 1 indicates that the soil did not ripen and plow it early, while the weight of the roller 1 with the plow is distributed along the axes in such a way that the load on the support-transport wheels (not shown in fig.) in the working position of the hitch and during transport remains within the loading capacity of the tractor rear suspension.

The analysis of the aggregates produced by the domestic and foreign industry has shown the need to create a moisture-saving packing unit to the tractor plow. A prototype of a moisture-saving press unit to the tractor plow was made and tested, which performs the following functions in one pass, having a working width of 1.5 m, an operating speed of up to 10 km / h, a transport speed of up to 20 km / h, an aggregate weight of not more than 150 kg , diameter of a working disk not less than 300 mm, the attendants 1 (tractor operator):

- improvement of water, air and thermal conditions of the soil, which has a positive effect on the work of microorganisms and further improvement of the agricultural background, the preservation not only of moisture, but also of the soil structure;

- alignment of soil crests, crushing clods to fine fractions;

- at the passive position of the twigs, made of a square shape, the surface layer is consolidated by rollers with simultaneous mulching of the soil, which preserves the soil moisture reserves and improves the quality of erosion treatment of the soil.

The present invention in comparison with the prototype and other known technical solutions, has the following advantages:

- increase operational reliability and service life;

- increase productivity;

- improving the quality of soil preparation;

- the possibility of application in various soil and climatic conditions with a passive position;

- prevention or significant reductions in wind and water erosion;

- mitigating the effects of drought due to an increase in soil moisture;

- saving fuel by reducing the number of passes, namely with the ability to perform operations in a single pass of the tractor: the upper loose mulch layer, the lower large layer, and the compacted soft-loose layer located between them, which prevents evaporation of moisture from the underlying soil layer, without using additional agricultural machines or additional passes;

- reduction of energy consumption up to 30%.

Claims (1)

Moisture-saving packing unit to the tractor plow, containing a drum-shaped roller, on which disks with parallel rods rigidly fixed on them are mounted at equal distance from each other, and mounted on the main frame connected to the tongue, harrow connected to the roller, hydraulic cylinder, connecting device to the plow, characterized in that it is additionally provided with a lifting half-frame, made of a trapezoidal shape with two levers mounted on the end parts of the semi-frame with the possibility of fastening to the main section e and lifting the harrow, and an arcuate frame on which a hydraulic cylinder is installed, one end of which is fixed in the middle part of the semi-frame and the other to the middle of the main frame and the drawbar, the latter being made of two parts, the first part of which is fixed to the middle of the main frame and additionally equipped with two ties, and the second part is fixed at one end to the first with the possibility of reversal of the roller, and the other - by means of a connecting device to the tractor plow, while the bars are square.

Images