RU2685720C1 - Solid wastes combustion plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: recycling and waste management.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to means of processing solid and liquid materials using a firing method, and more specifically to installations comprising a vertical furnace and apparatus for separating solid particles of the aerosol and neutralizing harmful gases therein. Installation for solid waste incineration, which includes vertical furnace lined with refractory coating, with automatic batching of material through adjoining sluice receiver on grate in combustion chamber, which by means of central hole in roof is communicated with afterburning chamber of combustion products, having vertical branch pipe with emergency pressure valve, horizontal lined pipeline for communicating with parallel installed waste gas purification scrubber, equipped with injector of jet crosswise supply of reaction solution, and an aerosol finisher, connected to the pull pipe by a pipeline equipped with an exhaust pump, as well as a system for distributed supply of oxidizing air under the grate of the vertical furnace and in the central hole of its arch. At that, above the nozzle of the transit scrubber, there is a pipe-type heat exchanger equipped with a spiral tray in the jacket, which is connected to the system of distributed supply to the hot oxidizing air furnace, including additionally to the afterburning chamber diffuser, wherein central pipe of heat exchanger, where cascade of through transverse branch pipes is arranged, is combined with scrubber and with feeding axial channel of bubbler equipped with perforated nozzle placed in working solution, wherein the bubbler free volume is interconnected with the aerosol filtering device, made in the form of an absorber with a permeable heat-intensive filling from ceramic rings of Raschig connected to the outlet traction pipe through the receiver, in which the central spray sprayer of the process solution is located.EFFECT: finer purification of off-gases after combustion furnace, with optimization of distribution of oxidizing air taken from heat exchanger, and higher efficiency of automatic gas processing technical process.3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the processing of solid and viscous materials by fire method, and more specifically, to installations including a vertical furnace and devices for separating solid particles of the exhaust aerosol and neutralizing harmful gases in it.

The level of this field of technology is characterized by a vertical oven according to patent RU 2387926 C1, F23G 5/14, 2010, which contains a combustion chamber with a loading window for portion-fed solid fragmented material placed on the grate, under which the ash removal trays are installed, and associated with the chamber combustion by means of a central opening in the intermediate roof, an afterburning chamber of combustion gases, equipped with a discharge nozzle installed normally relative to the longitudinal axis.

A feature of this furnace is that the bore of the central opening (nozzle) of the vault is 9-13% of the cross section of its chambers, and the height of the nozzle is made comparable to its two diameters, and the nozzle is equipped with two rows of distributed channels of oxidizing air supplying into the afterburning chamber at an angle of 30 °.

In the ash removal trays, screw conveyors are installed, over which a scraper connected with the cross feed mechanism is placed, and the grate is tubular with perforations, connected to the oxidizing air supply system and equipped with an agitator made in the form of eccentrics, kinematically connected with a reversing rotation drive.

At the outlet of the afterburning chamber, an emergency valve is mounted, made in the form of a hinged lid, which is connected via a lever with a manual actuator.

In the loading nozzle, there is a channel for supplying a portion of oxidizing air from the system, which forms a gas-dynamic damper, preventing emissions of combustion products through the window of the combustion chamber into the loading channel of the material being burnt.

The well-known invention is a combination of the design of a two-chamber vertical furnace and the technological scheme of the autothermal burning of solid fragmented material in an environment of excess oxygen, which includes improvements and additions that ensured higher targets for the minimum content of harmful substances in the exhaust gases.

When the relative size of the flow area of the communication opening of the vault is less than 9%, the outgoing gas-air flow from the combustion chamber is clamped until the combustion process on the grate is completely attenuated.

When the relative size of the flow area of the communication opening of the furnace chambers is more than 13%, the required efficiency of mixing the laminar flow of combustion gases with locally supplied additional oxidizing air is not ensured, which requires a significant increase in the height of the furnace.

The inclination of the channels supplying oxidizing air to the central opening of the roof between the chambers of the furnace, at an angle of 30 °, forms an axial flow of combustion gases of the combustible material into the afterburning chamber and vacuum underneath, thereby providing aerosol injection from the combustion chamber, which actively mixes with the injected air, which contributes to the complete oxidation of products in the afterburner.

In the confusor of the afterburning chamber, the gas-air mixture is braked and additional mixing occurs due to the turbulences of the expanding turbulent flows at the exit of the fornix.

The hinged lid on the outlet pipe of the afterburner chamber in the open position serves to create thrust when the furnace is ignited, and in operation it acts as an emergency valve that automatically releases pressure to the atmosphere.

Execution in the window of loading the air curtain in the form of a jet from the channel for supplying oxidizing air eliminates the means of isolating the working volume, which receives an additional portion of oxygen to complete the chemical reactions of combustion in the combustion chamber.

However, a continuation of the noted advantages of the known vertical furnace are inherent disadvantages.

In the system of distributed supply of oxidizing air, the ratio of its volumes at the technological levels of the furnace is not optimized, in particular, a double gas dynamic shutter is created in the central intermediate opening of the vault, which locks the outgoing gaseous combustion products in the combustion chamber, where the pressure and temperature rise, which requires additional capital investments.

The consumption of generated gaseous products of combustion in the combustion chamber is also significantly reduced from the forced length of the central opening of the vault due to the need to accommodate two rows of inclined air channels, with its markedly insufficient bore to complete their combustion and high-temperature oxidative pyrolysis, which reduces the overall performance of the process.

In addition, as a result of imbalance in the combustion chamber of gas-dynamic processes in the material burned on the tubular grate, arches and a crust of sintered and melted fragments are formed, for the mechanical destruction of which eccentric turners and drive scraper are installed to periodically remove ash and slag in the tray with auger conveyor.

More perfect is the installation described in patent RU 2392544 C1, F23G 5 / 14,2010, which, by its technical essence and the number of matching signs, is chosen as the closest analogue to the one proposed.

The known apparatus for burning solid and liquid materials includes a vertical furnace lined with a refractory coating, containing, connected by a central arch opening, a combustion chamber and an afterburning chamber for gaseous combustion products and connected with an automatic batch loading mechanism of a material through an adjacent bunker to the grate in the combustion chamber.

The vertical furnace is equipped with a system of distributed, measured supply of oxidizing air under the grate, into the central opening of the vault between the combustion chambers and afterburning, and for cutting the loading window.

The afterburner has a vertical pipe with an emergency pressure valve and a horizontal pipe with a parallel installed transit scrubber for cleaning waste gases, equipped with a nozzle of the transverse flow of the reaction solution, the output of which is equipped with a mechanical device for filtering aerosol connected with a pipeline equipped with an exhaust fan with a traction pipe .

The outgoing aerosol filtering device consists of two parallel streams connected through gate valves with an injection fan, each of which has a cascade of replaceable cassettes of gas-permeable material mounted, which are put into operation in series when the second is technically re-equipped.

A feature of the scrubber is the supply tank of the working fluid closed with the central nozzle mounted on the discharge pipe.

The screw feeder of solid material is equipped with a rotor grinder, the hopper of which communicates with the exhaust fan.

In the known installation, high-performance autothermal combustion of various solid and viscous materials with high-quality oxidation of combustion products and continuous step filtration of flue gases in a compact installation, including a two-chamber vertical furnace, is provided that is safe and environmentally friendly in operation.

The disadvantages of the known incineration plant for solid and liquid wastes are incomplete oxidation of gaseous combustion products and poor purification of waste gases from solid impurities in the scrubber and mechanical filters of replaceable cassettes, which complicate the process maintenance and increase the capital cost of production.

In addition, in the known installation is not optimized the volumetric distribution of oxidizing air on the structural elements of the furnace, in particular, in the central opening of the roof, due to an overabundance of two-stage annular air supply, an aerodynamic lock is formed, preventing the free passage of gaseous combustion products that are locked in the combustion chamber, destabilizing gas-dynamic combustion process, and accelerate into the afterburning chamber, where the oxidation of the exhaust gaseous products does not end which are removed from the furnace.

At the same time, the efficiency of chemical reactions is slowed down due to the loss of thermal energy in the furnace to heat the incoming cold masses of oxidizing air.

The technical challenge to which the present invention is directed is to refine the flue gases after the combustion furnace, while optimizing the distribution of oxidizing air drawn from the heat exchanger and improving the efficiency of the automatic gas cleaning process

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known plant for incineration of solid waste, including a vertical furnace, lined with a refractory coating, with automatic batch loading of material through an adjacent sluice receiver on the grate in the combustion chamber, which is connected with the afterburning chamber of the combustion products through a central opening in the arch having a vertical pipe with an emergency pressure valve, horizontal lined pipeline for communication with parallel installed a transit scrubber for flue gas cleaning equipped with a nozzle of a jet cross feed of the reaction solution, and an aerosol finishing filtering device connected to the traction pipe by a pipe equipped with an exhaust pump, as well as a distributed oxidizing air supply system under the grate of the vertical furnace and into the central opening of its roof according to the invention , a tube-in-tube heat exchanger is installed above the transit scrubber nozzle, equipped with a spiral tray in the jacket, which communicates with the system supplying the hot oxidizing air to the furnace, including additionally to the afterburning chamber diffuser, the central tube of the heat exchanger where the cascade of through transverse nozzles is located is combined with the scrubber and the axial supplying bubbler channel fitted with a perforated nozzle placed in the working solution, the bubbler free volume communicates with an aerosol filtering device made in the form of an absorber with permeable heat capacity filling made of Raschig ceramic rings associated with an outlet t a stubble tube through a receiver in which the central sprayer of technological solution is located.

Another feature of the installation according to the invention is that the exhaust pump with a pipe from the absorber is connected by means of a bellows, while adjustable dampers are installed in the pipelines of the hot oxidizing air supply system.

Distinctive features of the proposed technical solution almost completely prevented harmful emissions from the furnace into the atmosphere due to the complete oxidation of gaseous combustion products in the afterburner in an environment with a positive oxygen balance, additional chemical neutralization of free high-active gases (chlorine, carbon monoxide, fluorine and others) by treating them “Wet” technology by reaction alkaline solution and localization of the solid phase of the outgoing aerosol due to deposition of condensed elements into the receiver in the form of sludge.

Placement of a transit scrubber of a tube-in-tube heat exchanger above the nozzle is aimed at preliminary autonomous cooling of the gaseous products of combustion discharged from the furnace during their movement with concomitant heat recovery to heat the oxidizing air supplied to the furnace, thereby increasing its operating temperature by reducing heat loss by heating of the oxidizing air.

The connection of the heat exchanger jacket through an air duct with a distributed feed system along the height of a vertical hot oxidizing air furnace has markedly increased the efficiency and quality of solid waste incineration due to the targeted use of recycled heat energy developed when it is burned.

The use of part of the heated oxidizing air, additionally supplied to the afterburner diffuser, provided a positive oxygen balance in the combustion front, ensuring a rise in temperature and more complete oxidation of the combustion gases.

Comparable amounts of air supplied to the afterburner chamber diffuser and to the furnace arch opening prevented the flow of gaseous products between the chambers from braking, which stabilized the thermodynamic mode of operation, increasing the efficiency of the autothermal combustion process and the completeness of gas oxidation to the final products.

The spiral tray for the passage of the heat exchanger injected into the jacket of the air provides a noticeable decrease in the temperature of the gas flow in its central tube, as it is an additional device for traditional heat sink.

A cascade of through transverse nozzles of the central tube of the heat exchanger, representing a developed heat transfer surface, is designed to move the injected air into them, which is radiatively heated from contact with high-temperature exhaust gases, which makes it possible to significantly reduce their temperature, with the accompanying heating of the oxidized air with a temperature of 250- 300 ° C.

This made it possible to utilize the heat energy of the exhaust gases for the technological heating of the oxidizing air, while maintaining the elevated temperature in the vertical furnace with the activation of oxidation of combustion products.

Combining the central tube of the heat exchanger with the scrubber and with the feed axial channel of the bubbler formed a single pass-through complex for the treatment of cooled exhaust gases using wet technology, providing chemical interaction with reagents for effective cleaning of combustion products from harmful inclusions.

The flow of cooled gases in the form of an aerosol from a heat exchanger in a scrubber is dissected by transversely directed jets of the reaction solution from the central nozzle, on the highly developed surface of which neutralizing free active gases and radicals occurs, resulting in chemical interaction of neutral compounds that settle to the bottom of the bubbler in the structure of sludge accumulations.

The execution of the perforated nozzle scrubber on the discharge pipe, placed in the sparger working solution, forms the distribution of the flow of the processed gases to their multi-jet flow in the liquid, where turbulent turbulence and cavitation are formed, resulting in the solution foaming. Gas bubbles adhere to poorly wettable solid particles and lift them to the surface (flotation process), where they are held by a conical baffle, accumulate, coagulate and slide into the slag receptacle at the bottom.

Gases from the bubbler, discharged in the upper part of the pipeline, enter the heat exchanger formed by filling from Raschig's ceramic rings, on the developed wet contact surface of which efficient thermal energy is taken off at the inlet of the filtration column.

In the filtration column, made in the form of an absorber with counter-irrigation by mist from the reaction solution, formed by a central spray from above, the residual heat of gases is removed, which are finally neutralized.

The working alkaline solution is dispersed by the sprayer in the receiver, forming a hydroaerosol representing the hydrodynamic resistance for the transit flows of waste gases, which prevents the dispersed phase from entering the atmosphere - solid particles are captured by the flowing solution, separated and washed into the accumulator of the column base, thus filtered.

In the absorber receiver, the aerosol is inhibited to complete the chemical reactions that neutralize harmful gases.

The absorber outlet serves to drain clean gases through the pipeline, forcibly drained by an exhaust pump into the traction pipe, where they naturally rise to the height and are released into the atmosphere.

The connection of the exhaust pump with the absorber piping by means of a bellows ensures the damping of the shock loads of the imbalance that occurs during operation when the condensed particles irregularly stick to the rotating blades of the pump.

To regulate the required flow of oxidizing air distributed over the height of the vertical furnace, automatic valves are installed in the pipelines of the system.

Consequently, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination in a stable relationship is sufficient to achieve a novelty of quality that is not inherent to features in disunity, that is, the required technical result is achieved not by the sum of effects, but by a new supereffect of the sum of features.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which has a purely illustrative purpose and does not limit the scope of the claims set of essential features of the formula.

The drawing shows: in FIG. 1 - installation diagram;

in fig. 2.1 - vertical oven with loading mechanism;

in fig. 2.2 - columns for wet scrubbing and filtration with a draw tube.

The proposed installation (Fig. 1) includes mounted in interconnection: the device 1 batch load packaged waste stacked in a tilting container 2, a sluice receiver 3, bounded below by a gate valve 4 controlled by a signal from the sensor 5 mounted on the rack of the device 1.

The receiver 3 oblique nozzle 6 communicates with the loading window 7 of the combustion chamber 8, which through the central opening 9 of the roof 10 is connected to the afterburning chamber 11, collectively forming a vertical furnace for burning solid and viscous materials connected by a discharge pipe 12 to the outgoing gaseous complex products of combustion in the following composition: heat exchanger 14, scrubber 15 with a fine nozzle 16 transverse jet supply of the reaction solution ("alkaline milk") and replaceable bubbler 17.

To the outlet of the heat exchanger 14 is connected a duct 18 connected to the system 19 of the forced distributed supply of oxidizing air to a vertical furnace (the pump is conventionally not shown) by means of controlled dampers 20 and 21 (Fig. 1 and 2.1).

The bubbler 17 (FIGS. 1 and 2.2) of the pipeline 22 in the upper part communicates with the lower part of the absorber 23 (filtration columns), where a heat-intensive filling 24 of Raschig's ceramic rings is placed. At the top of the absorber 23 in the receiver 25 mounted sprayer 26 counter-irrigation ascending aerosol from the bubbler 17.

The receiver 25 of the absorber 23 pipe 27 through a rubber bellows 28 is connected with an exhaust pump 29, which delivers the aerosol in the traction pipe 30.

The locking receiver 3 of the vertical furnace (Fig. 2.1) is adjoined by the loading mechanism 1 of a portion of waste packaged in a container bag, which is placed in a container 2 mounted on a tilting platform 31.

Platform 31 is mounted with rollers 32 in rail guides 33, the profile of which provides for tilting of container 2 in the upper loading position.

The receiver 3 from the bottom is blocked by a supporting gate valve 4, made in the form of a rack-lined with refractory, kinematically connected with the drive gear 34.

The vertical furnace is equipped with a distributed supply system 19 (pump conventionally not shown) of the oxidizing air at levels: under the grate 35 through the gas distribution grid 36, into the central hole 9 of the roof 10 through the nozzles 37 of the annular manifold 38 and through the nozzles 39 of the annular manifold 40 located in the diffuser 41 11 afterburners.

Under the grate 35, the ash collection tray 42 is fixed, which is removed from it by a screw conveyor 43.

The confuser 44 of the post-combustion chamber 11 communicates with a direct-flow pipe 45, equipped with a hinged lid 46, which serves as an emergency pressure valve. By the handle 47, the cover 46 is opened manually when the furnace is ignited, to create thrust.

A tangential lined switching pipeline 12 is combined with a nozzle 45 with a parallel column 13 (FIGS. 1 and 2.2) for complex processing of gaseous products of combustion outgoing from a vertical furnace composed of heat exchanger 14, scrubber 15 and bubbler 17 sequentially mounted in interconnection.

The heat exchanger 14 is made according to the scheme of the pipe 48 in the pipe 49 (Fig. 2.2), in the jacket of which (the gap between the pipes 48, 49) a spiral tray 50 is fixed for supplying forced air.

With the jacket 48-49 of the heat exchanger 14, the cross pipes 51 are connected, through which the outside air is pumped by the pump 52. At the same time, the air heats up, taking heat from the gases that transit through the pipe 48 and exhaust gases coming from the vertical furnace in contact with nozzles 51, as a result of which convective heat exchange takes place and the oxidizing air heated to a temperature of 250-300 ° C is discharged through the duct 18.

On the air duct 18 adjacent to the lower part of the heat exchanger 14, to its pipe 48, hot air is supplied to the system 19 (FIG. 1 and 2.1) of the distribution by levels of the vertical furnace (in fractions of volume): 3/4 under the grate 35, 1/8 in the central hole 9 of the roof 10 and 1/8 into the diffuser 41 of the post-combustion chamber 11.

A coaxial scrubber 15 is connected to a pipe 48 (FIG. 2.2) of the heat exchanger 14, containing an axial nozzle 16 of a transverse jet supply of the reaction solution for chemical interaction with the exhaust gaseous products in the stream from the heat exchanger 14.

The scrubber 15 is fixed to the support 53 and connected to the receiving central pipe 54 of the replaceable bubbler 17, at the end of which a perforated nozzle 55 is fixed for the jet distribution of gases neutralized in the scrubber 15 in the working bubbler 17 solution, above which level the pipe 54 is fixed to the fender cap 56.

The bubbler 17 in the upper part is equipped with a switching pipe 22 with a column 23 of wet cleaning of the aerosol flowing from below.

The nozzle 22 adjoins the heat-intensive filling 24 in the column 23, which is made of Raschig ceramic rings, forming a highly developed contact surface for interaction with the sprayed reaction solution from the sprayer 26 placed in the receiver 25 (stop hydro-aerosol chamber).

In the interaction of the upward flow of the aerosol with the reaction solution in a countercurrent, its condensed solid phase is washed into the sump 57, and the gas component rises and fills the chamber 25, which functions as a receiver with increased aerodynamic drag.

The chamber 25 communicates with the pipeline 27 with the exhaust pump 29, which is equipped with a traction pipe 30.

Exhaust pump 29 with a pipe 27 is connected through a damping bellows 28, smoothing vibration loads.

In the combustion chamber 8 of the vertical furnace (Fig. 1 and 2.1), a hatch is made, closed by a door 58 for manual turning, if necessary, of arches of sintered ash material.

The apparatus according to the invention functions as follows.

Before work on waste disposal, the vertical furnace is manually fired, for which the hinged cover 46 of the vertical nozzle 45 is opened by the handle 47, in order to provide traction.

Through the hatch with the door 58 open, the combustible material is placed on the grate 35 and it is ignited - the ignition material ignites, after which the door 58 of the hatch is closed to raise the temperature in the combustion chamber 8. Then, after the temperature has been set, the lid 46 closes the furnace volume, which, when burned, of the heating material, goes to the thermodynamic mode.

Next is the automatic loading of recyclable material.

Briquetted material or solid waste, packaged in container bags, portionwise placed in a container 2 mounted on the platform 31 of the loading device 1, which then rises to its highest position where the container 2 is tilted by the profile of the guide rails 33 with which the rollers 32 are in contact.

In this case, the signal from the sensor 5 of the track control system actuates the rotational drive of the gear 34, which supplies the gate valve 4, which overlaps the gateway 3 from below.

In the extreme upper position of the tilting container 2, a portion of the packaged material falls out of it and is placed on the gate valve 4.

Next, an empty container 2 on the platform 31 is returned down the device 1.

The drive gear 34, the toothed rack of the valve 4 is removed from the feeder 3 and a portion of the material falls into the nipple 6.

From the inclined nozzle 6 portion of the material enters the grate 35, where it ignites and burns under the action of the ignition temperature.

When burning waste in the combustion chamber 8, a temperature of 1100-1150 ° C develops in an atmosphere of excess oxygen, which is supplied from system 19 to the gas distribution grid 36 under the grate 35.

The gaseous products of combustion of the material are inhibited by the vault 10 and are retained in the combustion chamber 8 for 2 s, ensuring the completion of chemical oxidation reactions.

In the central opening 9 of the roof 10, the combustion gases are mixed with oxidizing air transversely supplied from oppositely inclined 30 ° to the longitudinal axis of the nozzles 37 of the annular manifold 38, which improves the conditions for dispersion of the condensed phase and its burning out.

At the same time in the collector 38 oxidizing air into the system 19 is taken from the heat exchanger 14, where it is heated with exhaust gaseous combustion products to a temperature of 250-300 ° C, which saves part of the thermal energy in the combustion chamber 8, which is used for its intended purpose.

From the central hole 9 of the roof 10, the gas-air mixture laminar expires, expanding and slowing down the afterburner chamber 11 in the diffuser 41, where additional (excess) oxidizing air is injected from the distributed nozzles 39 of the ring collector 40, creating a positive oxygen balance for complete oxidation of the aerosol structural components and afterburning condensed particles in the volume of the chamber 11 at a temperature of 1200-1250 ° C, where the combustion process is completed with oxidation to the final products.

In the confuser 44 of the chamber 11 afterburning, the gaseous products of combustion are accelerated and enter the horizontal lined nozzle 12 for further processing on cooling, neutralization and separation by absorption.

During the volume burning of fragmented material on the grate 35, ash residue is generated, which wakes up through the grid 36 into the collection tray 42, from where the screw conveyor 43 is removed to the receiving container for recycling.

The optimized autothermal process of burning solid fragmented material in a two-chamber modified furnace according to the invention eliminates the sintering of parts of the material and the formation of arches. If necessary, the turning of the material dying on the grate 35 is manually performed through a hatch in chamber 8 with its door 58 open.

During the subsequent loading of a portion of the material, when the bag falls on the grate 35, mechanical crushing of burning elements on it, which serve as distributed sources of local ignition, occurs, ensuring the continuity of the combustion process.

In the heat exchanger 14 adjacent to the nozzle 12, while the gaseous products of combustion move along the inner pipe 48, an active heat removal takes place on the contact surfaces of the streamlined nozzles 51 through which the pumped external air is blown, which is supplied by the pump 52 through the spiral tray 50 in the jacket 48-49. In this case, by means of the spiral tray 50, convective heat transfer from the pipe 48 to the outer pipe 49 of radiation is carried out, which totally cools the gaseous products to a temperature of 950 ° C, which enter the adjacent scrubber 15.

In the scrubber 15, a stream of gaseous products is dissected by transverse jets of the reaction alkaline solution from the nozzle 16, which are mixed and chemically interact, with the result that the active gases and radicals are strongly bonded, neutralized.

The reacted products of chemical reactions with a temperature of 600-650 ° C are then transferred from the scrubber 15 through pipe 54 to the bubbler 17, where they are thrown into the working fluid through perforations of the central nozzle 55 into the working fluid, turbulizing it and forming cavitation bubbles, resulting in flotation and foam formation, in the separation of fractions: the gases fill the free volume of the upper part of the bubbler 17, and the solid phase deposited on the conical chipper 56, where solid particles conglomerate, slips and sinks to the sloping bottom in the form of sludge the bubbler 17.

An aerosol with an average temperature of 300 ° C from the bubbler 17 through the pipe 22 enters a parallel-installed purification column 23 according to the “wet” technology by an absorber upon contact with the mist generated by the sprayer 26, countercurrently interacting with the ascending aerosol, which is cooled at the outlet to a temperature of 160 ° C and separated.

Passing through the filling 24 in the lower part of the absorber 23, the aerosol is in contact with the heat-intensive and wet Raschig rings, which ensures a high efficiency of cleaning the aerosol from solids residues, unreacted fragments of active gases and radicals that are bound, neutralized and collected in a sump 57.

Purified aerosol is inhibited and accumulates in receiver 25, where it is washed extensively with the working solution by means of sprayer 26, from where it is then removed via pipeline 27 by means of an exhaust pump 29 to traction pipe 30, in which it naturally rises to a height, where it is emitted into the atmosphere with a temperature of 80 ° C.

Vibration loads generated by the high-speed pump 29 are damped by the rubber bellows 28 and are not transferred to the pipe 27 of the absorber 23.

A feature of this installation is that by means of an exhaust pump 29, a vacuum is created in a vertical furnace and throughout the transport and processing pipelines, ensuring the through movement of gas-aerosol combustion products to the traction pipe 30.

The proposed installation is characterized by the fact that the high operating temperature reached in the furnace and the forced automatic removal of gaseous combustion products ensured the incineration of solid waste without the use of additional combustible materials.

Experimental verification of the performance of structural elements and the prototype of the installation as a whole confirmed the efficiency of batch combustion of various solid and viscous materials from household, industrial and medical waste with high quality exhaust gas cleaning, as a result of which the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere was prevented by a complex of sequential actions:

- full afterburning of gaseous products of combustion in a two-chamber vertical furnace with a tangential supply of oxidizing air distributed along the height, in an environment with a positive oxygen balance in the combustion front;

- cascade chemical neutralization of high-level gases by “wet” technology with an alkaline solution;

- localization and sedimentation of the solid phase in the form of sludge into the receiver from the exhaust aerosol cooled in a transit heat exchanger, during condensation in a scrubber, separation by bubbling with flotation and finishing filtration under counter-irrigation on the developed contact surface of heat-intensive ceramic rings.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with identified analogues of the prior art, from which the invention does not explicitly follow to a specialist in means of localized combustion of materials, showed that it is unknown, and taking into account the possibility of industrial serial production of a complex installation, we can conclude that it meets the conditions patentability.

The installation according to the invention is recommended for serial industrial production according to customer orders.

Claims (3)

1. A solid waste incinerator including a vertical furnace lined with a refractory coating with automatic batch loading of material through an adjacent sluice receiver to the grate in the combustion chamber, which is connected to the afterburning chamber of the combustion products having a vertical connection with an emergency valve through a central opening in the vault pressure, horizontal lined pipeline for communication with a parallel installed transit scrubber for off-gas cleaning equipped with force a jar of transverse flow of the reaction solution, and an aerosol finishing filtration device connected to the traction pipe by a pipeline equipped with an exhaust pump, as well as a system of distributed supply of oxidizing air under the grate of the vertical furnace and into the central opening of its roof, characterized in that a transit scrubber is installed above the nozzle of the transit furnace a tube-in-tube heat exchanger equipped with a spiral tray in a jacket that communicates with the system of distributed supply of hot oxidizing air to the furnace, including Afterwards, the afterburner chamber is further in the diffuser, the central tube of the heat exchanger where the cascade of through transverse nozzles is placed is combined with the scrubber and with the flow axis of the bubbler equipped with a perforated nozzle placed in the working solution, while the free volume of the bubbler is connected to the aerosol filtering device in the form of an absorber with permeable heat capacity filling of Raschig's ceramic rings connected to the exhaust traction pipe through the receiver, in which the central section is located Reper spray technological solution. 2. Installation for incineration of solid waste under item 1, characterized in that the exhaust pump with a pipe from the absorber is connected by means of a bellows. 3. Installation for the incineration of solid waste on PP. 1, 2, characterized in that adjustable dampers are installed in the pipelines of the hot oxidizing air supply system.

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