RU2683796C1 - Box of unloading mixed nuclear fuel from container - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: nuclear equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to nuclear engineering, particularly to means for producing homogeneous nuclear fuel from a mixture of uranium and plutonium dioxide. Unloading box comprises tilter installed in housing and hooked by its forks container, which barrel is equipped with mesh separator and loaded with powder and needles made of ferromagnetic steel. In the housing of the unloading box there is a linear drive, to the carriage of which there fixed are one or several permanent magnets with the possibility of their reciprocal movement parallel to the barrel of the overturned container. In the lower position the magnets are located above the mesh separator of the overturned container, and in the upper one – above the bottom of the barrel, in the position, at which the ferromagnetic needles are disengaged from the magnets. Magnets are installed with possibility of their movement along normal to barrel until touch.

EFFECT: separation of powder and needles by moving magnetic field and reduction of duration of complete unloading of powder from overturned container.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to nuclear engineering, in particular to means for producing homogeneous nuclear fuel from a mixture of uranium and plutonium dioxides.

A known method for producing homogeneous nuclear fuel from a mixture of uranium and plutonium dioxides (RF patent No. 2122247, G21C 21/00) for the manufacture of fuel pellets, comprising mixing the components in the working volume of the mixer, into which magnetic needles are placed and a rotating magnetic field is excited in the winding, resulting in in a circular motion magnetic needles. Moving needles form a vortex layer and provide mixing and grinding of the components and receipt. a homogenized mixture of uranium and plutonium dioxide (hereinafter referred to as powder).

The known method was carried out as follows. Uranium and plutonium dioxide powders were placed in a non-magnetic titanium glass together with magnetic needles. The glass was placed in an ABC-150 automatic vortex mixer, in which the glass was given axial reciprocating motion. During the experimental verification of the known method, the optimal sizes and material of the magnetic needles were established, which ensures the minimum rubbing of iron into powder, in particular, ShKh-15 bearing steel. It should be noted that ШХ-15 steel belongs to the class of ferromagnetic steels.

For the operation of mixing uranium and plutonium dioxide at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Mining and Chemical Combine in the manufacture of tablets with MOX fuel, a vortex grinding unit was used, made according to drawing A.48.156.000 developed by OJSC SverdNIIkhimmash, Yekaterinburg. The known installation contains boxes for loading components into a container, weighing boxes, an automatic vortex mixer, a cooling box and a box for unloading powder from the container, combined in an automatic control technological chain.

The container is a cylindrical glass made of titanium with loaded needles made of ferromagnetic steel, in the upper part of which is attached a square platform, a mesh separator and a ball valve. Grooves are made on the side faces of the platform.

The well-known unloading box contains a housing and a container tipper installed in it, a tunnel for pouring out powder, a mechanism for opening and closing the container ball valve and a mallet. The tipper, the opening and closing mechanism of the container ball valve and the beater are equipped with drives located outside the discharge box.

The tipper includes two forks mounted on the same axis, the ends of which are made with the possibility of entering into the grooves of the platform of the container and its engagement.

Famous box unloading works as follows.

The container after the automatic vortex mixer and cooling box enters the discharge box. When turned on, the tipper drive moves the forks, while the ends of the forks enter the grooves of the container platform and engage it. Further, the tipper forks rotate by lifting and turning the container. As a result, the container is installed by the end face of the closed ball valve on the penetration of the box. Using a drive, a ball valve is opened, and the powder is poured through the screen separator through a penetration for further processing, and the needles are held up by the screen separator and remain in the container glass. For a more complete powder precipitation, a clapper drive is included, which knocks on the glass of the container. After pouring the powder, close the container ball valve and drive the tipper overturn the container in the opposite direction, set it in place and remove the ends of the forks from the grooves of the container platform, disengaging with it.

A disadvantage of the known unloading box is that when the powder spills out of the container, the needles, falling together with the powder, are delayed on the mesh separator and their flow area is reduced. Turning on the beater and hitting it against the container glass cannot move the needles off the separator screen. In this case, the complete unloading of the powder from the container can be achieved only by carrying out several additional turning of the container by the tipper, but this leads to a delay in the operation of the remaining nodes of the technological chain and a decrease in its productivity. In addition, the service life of the ball valve is also reduced due to its additional openings and closures, since the discharged powder has abrasive properties.

A container tipper mounted in a discharge box with mixed nuclear fuel is known (see utility model patent No. 175506 IPC ⁷ G21C 21/00), comprising a housing, left and right forks, and a container hooked with forks loaded with powder and needles made of ferromagnetic steel brackets attached to the forks, between which a yoke with a permanent magnet is mounted on the axis, approaching and touching the container glass when it is engaged by the forks of the tipper.

The permanent magnet (hereinafter referred to as the magnet) touches the container in its middle part. The cage is connected by a rod with a rod of a pneumatic cylinder attached to a plate mounted between the brackets.

Known tipper operates as follows.

The container after the automatic vortex mixer and cooling box enters the discharge box. With the help of the tipper drive, the container is hooked with forks, and the holder with magnet is approaching the container. As a result, a magnetic field is created in the container glass, under the influence of which the needles made of ferromagnetic steel become magnetized. As a result, attractive forces proportional to the magnetic field strength arise directly between the needles and between the needles and the magnet. Further, the tipper forks rotate by lifting and turning the container.

When the container moves from horizontal to vertical, but already upside down, the effect of the magnet field should delay the fall of most needles, allowing the powder to first fall on the mesh separator, and since the needles are attracted to each other and to the magnet, clusters interlocked between the a needle held by a magnet. Since the magnet is located in the middle of the inverted glass, the clusters of needles are located above the mesh separator, and most of the needles do not fall on it.

The inverted container is installed by the end of the ball valve to the sinking of the discharge box. Using a drive, the ball valve is opened, and the powder is poured through the mesh separator through the penetration. A smaller part of the needles, not held by a magnet and falling onto the separator, should not impede the discharge of the powder.

The unloading box with the famous tipper is accepted by the applicant as a prototype.

The operation of the unloading box with the known tipper showed that the efficiency of unloading the powder has increased, but not enough, since it was not possible to completely unload the powder in one tipping of the container. When the container overturns, a considerable part of the needles attracted to each other and the magnet does not fall on the mesh separator, but they form a lump in the container, held by a magnet and preventing unloading of the part of the powder located above. The inclusion of a beater that strikes the titanium glass of the container does not give a tangible result due to the fact that the titanium glass dampens the vibrations and the lump of needles remains stationary.

The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention is to separate the powder and needles with a moving magnetic field and reduce the duration of the complete discharge of the powder from the overturned container.

To achieve the specified technical result, in the unloading box, comprising a housing, a tipper and a container hooked with forks, the glass of which is equipped with a mesh separator and loaded with powder and needles made of ferromagnetic steel, and a magnet,

one or more magnets are installed in the housing of the unloading box with the possibility of reciprocating motion parallel to the glass of the overturned container.

In the lower position, the magnets are located above the mesh separator of the overturned container, and in the upper position, above the bottom of the glass, at which the needles are detached from the magnets.

The magnets are installed with the possibility of moving along the normal to the glass until the magnets touch the glass.

In the particular case of execution, the magnets are mounted on a bracket attached to a linear movement drive carriage.

In another particular case, the bracket is equipped with bearings that interact with the glass when moving the carriage.

In another particular embodiment, the magnet housing is provided with a sleeve made of antifriction material.

Installation in the box body of unloading one or several magnets with the possibility of their reciprocating motion parallel to the glass of the overturned container allows creating magnetized needles inside the overturned glass by moving a moving magnetic field and, thereby, separating the needles from the powder.

In addition, the reciprocating movement of the magnets parallel to the glass of the overturned container allows, if necessary, several movements of the magnets along the once inverted glass and, thereby, reduce the duration of the complete unloading of powder from the overturned container.

The location in the lower position of the magnets above the separator tilted container allows you to:

firstly, place the powder with the needles in a magnetic field, magnetize the needles and remove them from the powder when the magnets move from the bottom up;

secondly, during subsequent movements of the magnets, lower the magnetized needles from above onto the powder hovering on the mesh separator, pushing it into the cells of the separator mesh, and draw the previously unused needles from the powder.

The location in the upper position of the magnets above the bottom of the glass, in which the needles are detached from the magnets, allows:

firstly, when the needles fall on the mesh separator, ensure their effect on the powder and the mesh, causing the mesh to vibrate and shake off the powder from it, and thereby increase the completeness of powder unloading from the container;

secondly, to exclude the force interaction between the needles in the glass and the magnets when the empty container is transferred to the initial position by the tipper, since the adhesion force of the magnet with the needles in the empty container reaches its maximum value. The horizontal movement of the forks of the tipper with the force interaction between the needles in the glass and the magnets can lead to the deflection of the container by the magnet and jamming the forks in the grooves of the platform.

The installation of magnets with the possibility of their movement along the normal to the glass until the glass touches allows you to get an adjustable gap between the magnets and the glass and thereby control the magnetic field in the glass, which allows you to set the optimum value of the adhesion force of the needles with magnets, ensuring the completeness of separation of the needles from the powder.

The installation of magnets on the bracket attached to the linear displacement drive carriage allows for reciprocating movement of the magnets with stops in the upper and lower positions.

Supplying the bracket with bearings interacting with the glass when moving the carriage allows you to limit the movement of the container glass during the interaction of the needles with the magnets and to prevent possible deformation of the forks of the tipper, transmitting the interaction force to the linear drive housing.

The supply of the magnet body with a sleeve made of antifriction material allows it to be used as a sliding bearing between the magnet body and the glass when the carriage moves along the inverted glass.

The proposed discharge box is illustrated in the drawings shown in FIG. 1 - FIG. 3.

In FIG. 1 shows an unloading box with an inverted container during a powder spill and a magnet in its initial upper position;

In FIG. 2 - unloading box with a magnet in the lower position;

In FIG. 3 - unloading box with a magnet in the middle position;

In FIG. 4 - unloading box with a magnet translated into the upper position, providing the uncoupling of the needles from the magnet.

In FIG. 5 shows an unloading box with an inverted empty container and a magnet in its original upper position.

The unloading box (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) consists of a housing 1, a tipper 2, designed to overturn a container 3, into a glass 4 of which powder 5 and needles 6 are loaded. A mesh separator 7 and a crane 8 are attached sequentially to the glass 4. The discharge box is provided with a penetration 9 for pouring out the powder 5. The tipper 2 and the crane 8 are equipped with actuators located outside the housing 1 (not shown in the drawings). In the housing 1, a linear actuator 10 is mounted parallel to the cup 4 of the tipped container 3, the bracket 12 is attached to the carriage 11. A threaded hole 13 is made in the bracket 12, in which the magnet body 15 is mounted 14 with the possibility of moving along the normal to the cup 4 to regulate the magnetic field due to the size of the gap 16 between the magnet 15 and the cup 4 and fixing the gap 16 with a lock nut 17. The housing 14 is equipped with a sleeve 18 that interacts with the cup 4 and is made of antifriction material. In the lower position of the carriage 11, the magnet 15 is located above the mesh separator 7, and when its upper position is above the bottom of the cup 4.

The inventive box unloading works as follows.

The container 3 after the automatic vortex mixer and cooling box (not shown in the drawings) enters (see Fig. 1) into the inventive discharge box, in which it is hooked by the tipper 2 and turned over, setting the closed crane 8 to the penetration 9. When the container 3 is turned over, the powder 5 with needles 6 it is poured onto the separator 7 and through its mesh to a closed valve 8. With its drive, the valve 8 opens and part of the powder 5 is poured into the penetration 9, and the needles 6 along with part of the powder 5 remain on the mesh separator 7. The carriage 11 of the linear actuator 10 is found It moves in the initial upper position and the magnet 15 does not affect the needles 6 in the cup 4. Next, the linear actuator 10 moves the carriage 11 (see Fig. 2) to the lowermost position, creating a magnetic field in the cup 4 above the separator 7, under which needles 6 made of ferromagnetic steel are magnetized. As a result, directly between the needles 6 and between the needles 6 and the magnet 15 there are attractive forces proportional to the field strength of the magnet 15, under the influence of which part of the nearby needles 6 are removed from the powder 5, moved to the magnet 15 and adhered to it. The needles 6 located in the powder 5 further also move in the powder until a magnetic chain of needles 6 is connected to the magnet 15. When lifting the carriage 11 (see FIG. 3), the chain of needles 6 is removed from the powder 5 after magnet 15. If necessary , the carriage 11 is moved again to the lower extreme position, lowering the chain of needles 6 onto the needles 6 and powder 5 remaining on the separator 7. In this case, the chain of needles 6, resting on the separator, is formed into a lump engaged with the magnet 15 and acting on the remaining on the separator 7 needles 6 and powder 5. As a result of this exposure, ost vshiesya powder 5 needles 6 engage with a lump magnetized needle 6, and powder is poured through the separator 7 in the tunneling 9, which allows to unload the powder from the container 5 3.

In addition, before reaching the initial upper position of the carriage 11, the movement of the needles 6 after the magnet 15 is limited to the bottom of the cup 4 and, when the magnetic field strength of the needles 6 decreases, they begin to detach from the magnet 15 (see Fig. 4) and fall onto the separator 7. Needles 6 fall also acts on the remnants of the powder 5 on the separator 7, facilitating its flow through the separator 7 into the penetration 9. Next, close the valve 8 of the container 3, and the empty container 3 (see Fig. 5) is ready for the tipper 2 to return to its original position for delivery from Boxing unloading.

Claims (4)

1. An unloading box, comprising a housing, a tipper and a container hooked by forks, a glass of which is equipped with a mesh separator and loaded with powder and needles made of ferromagnetic steel, and a permanent magnet, characterized in that one or more permanent magnets are installed in the discharge box with the possibility of reciprocating movement parallel to the glass of the overturned container, and in the lower position the magnets are located above the mesh separator of the overturned container, in the upper - above the bottom of the stack Ana, in a position in which the ferromagnetic needles are disconnected from the magnets, and the magnets are mounted with the possibility of their movement along the normal to the glass until it touches. 2. The unloading box according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnets are mounted on a bracket attached to the linear displacement drive carriage. 3. Unloading box according to claim 2, characterized in that the bracket is equipped with bearings interacting with the glass when moving the carriage. 4. The discharge box according to claim 3, characterized in that the magnet body is provided with a sleeve made of antifriction material.

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