RU2681230C1 - Method of treating bees from varroa tick - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely to beekeeping. Method of treating bees from Varroa mite by heat treatment is that the bees are transplanted from the hive into a cylindrical cassette made of a grid. Cassette is installed with the possibility of rotation around its axis in a heat chamber, equipped with three heat sources and a fan. In the first minute, the heat source TI1 heats the air in the heat chamber to 40 °C in the implementation of circular air circulation fan. Then, at the second, fourth and sixth minutes with a rotating cassette, the heat source TI2 is turned on and the bees are impacted by pulses of a short-term increase in temperature 84 °C 0.4 seconds and then cooled to 40 °C. On the third, fifth, and seventh minutes with a rotating cassette, the heat source TI3 is turned on and, during six rotations of the rotation of the cassette, the heat pulse of the temperature 64 °C is applied three seconds to a pause of seven seconds. After the heat chamber is turned off, a cassette with bees is taken out, set to settle and then returned to the hive.EFFECT: invention provides complete destruction of ticks without harming the bees, because the process of steaming bees does not occur.1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to beekeeping.

There is a method of flying around and treating bees from varroosis, which is as follows: in calm, clear weather, at an air temperature above + 3 ° C, the interior of the hive is heated using electric and solar energy. At the same time, an electric heater located at the bottom of the hive is used to use electric energy. To use solar energy use a device made in the form of a five-sided prism, with a bottom face made of metal mesh and the remaining faces of cellular polycarbonate. In this case, the front face of the device is located at an angle of 45 ° to the lower face, the rear face is at an angle of 75 °. A mirror is mounted on the rear face. The specified device is installed on the upper case of the hive, turn on the electric heater and after 4-5 minutes open the doors. As a result of the increase in temperature inside the hive due to electric and solar energy, as well as light exposure, the bees become excited, shake off the mites of Varroa and fly around. EFFECT: invention makes it possible to fly around bees 3-4 weeks later in autumn, and in spring 3-4 weeks earlier reduces the number of Varroa ticks in families (No. 2390990, A01K 47/00, 06/10/2010 Bull. No. 16).

A known method of treating bees using heat treatment. Treating bees for varroatosis using this technique can be very effective. Heat treatment is an environmentally friendly, but at the same time rather labor-intensive technique. Perform this procedure usually in the fall. It is produced as follows: 10 puffs of smoke from a flue are fed into the lower notch. The summers are closed, and the hive itself is brought into the room, the air temperature in which is slightly higher than on the street (but not more than 12 degrees). Frames are taken out of the hive. The bees, along with the uterus, shake off the cassette through the funnel. The cassette is closing. Bees need to be kept in it for 15 minutes. The cassette is recorded in a hot bath. The air temperature in the room should be stable and kept at 47 degrees. During processing, the cassette should be rotated and shaken, preventing the bees from stumbling into a ball. After 15 minutes, the bees are taken out of the bath. In the room where the hive was left, the cassette should be kept for another 15 minutes. Next, the insects are poured back onto the frames and set last in the hive. After the bees calm down, the lower notch is opened by 8 cm. After an hour, it is reduced to the size required at this time of year. (see http://fb.ru/article/249679/varroatoz-pchel-profilaktika-metodyi-lecheniya-pchelovodstvo-dlya-nachinayuschih).

The disadvantage of this method is that when processing the ticks do not die, but only fall from the bees. Some ticks remain in the mass of bees and continue to live and continue to parasitize on bees.

The objective of the invention is the complete destruction of ticks without harming bees.

EFFECT: method allows completely destroying ticks; the process of steaming bees does not occur.

The task is achieved in that the bees are transplanted from the hive into a cylindrical cassette made of mesh, installed with the possibility of rotation around its axis in a heat chamber equipped with three heat sources and a fan; in the first minute, the TI1 heat source is heated to 40 ° C in the heat chamber when the fan circulates the air circularly, then in the second, fourth and sixth minutes with the rotating cassette the TI2 heat source is turned on and the bees are exposed to pulses of a short-term temperature increase of 84 ° C at 0, 4 seconds, followed by cooling to 40 ° C, and at the third, fifth and seventh minutes with a rotating cassette, turn on a TI3 heat source, apply a heat pulse for six revolutions of the cassette m Temperature 64 ° C for three seconds with a pause of seven seconds, then turn off the heat chamber, take out the cassette with bees, put stand and then returned to the hive.

The invention is illustrated by the following images:

FIG. 1 - heat chamber of high-temperature processing of bees from a tick;

FIG. 2 - pulse schedule of the heat chamber.

The following designations are used in the drawing and in the text: 1- housing, 2- duct, 3 - partition, 4 - TI2 - lamp 1000 W, 5 - open spiral (TI 1), 6 - electric motor, 7 - TI3 - lamp 1000 W, 8 - cassette latch, 9 - cassette, 10 - cassette holder, 11 - observation window, 12 - cassette mounting door, 13 - tick collection grid, 14 - secondary bottom, 15 - latch, 16 - fan, 17 - bottom , 18 - roof, 19 - bracket, 20 - bearing, 21 - holder, 22 - control knob, 23 - pulley, 24 - electric motor.

The method is as follows.

Cassette 9 with bees transplanted from the hive is installed in a heat chamber (Fig. 1).

The heat chamber contains a housing 1, which in combination with the bottom 17 and the roof 18 constitutes a container for short-term exposure to temperature in the cassette 9 during the treatment of bees. A window for observation 11 is made in the side wall of the housing. To load the bees into the cassette, open the latch of the cassette 8, which is then closed. There is a hole for a halogen lamp (TI3) in the valve of the cartridge.

In the housing 1 there is a cartridge holder 10 installed through a ball bearing 20. A cartridge 9 with bees is inserted into the cartridge holder, which is rotated by an electric motor 24 using a pulley 23. On the opposite side of the heat chamber there is a door for installing a cartridge 12. The cartridge holder is equipped with a control handle 22, s with the help of which the operator distributes the bees that have accumulated in a heap until they are evenly distributed on the cassette. A bracket 19 is attached to the housing 1, by means of which a holder 21 of a halogen lamp 7 (TI3) is installed, which is located in the center of the cartridge along the axis of rotation. The heat pulse is created by the time the source is turned on in seconds.

The second halogen lamp 4 (TI2) is installed outside the cassette. The heat pulse is created by setting the distance from the lamp 4 to the cartridge 9.

In the lower part of the casing there is an open spiral 5 (TI1), a fan 16 with an electric motor 6 mounted on the bottom 17, a secondary bottom 14 and a grid for collecting ticks 13. The heat source TI1 heats the casing 1, the cassette with bees to 40 ° C. The first minute is preparation for treatment with pulses (see Fig. 2). The fan 16, powered by an electric motor 6, creates a uniform movement of hot air along the cassette with bees and the entire capacity of the housing 1. Hot air has a circular motion, returns between the partition 3 and the wall of the housing 1 to the fan 16. A part of the air saturated with vapors is released into the atmosphere through the vent 2, returns fresh air through the valve 15 in the bottom 17.

In the first minute, the air in the heat chamber is heated to a temperature of 40 ° C by a TI1 heat source - an open spiral 5 with a power of 500 W with an electronic controller from a contact thermometer, with circular air circulation through the heat chamber from fan 16.

In the second minute, the processing of bees collected in a cylindrical cassette 9 with a horizontal axis of rotation occurs using pulses of a short-term temperature increase from a heat source TI2 installed outside the cassette at a distance of 150 mm.

A 1000 W halogen incandescent light 4 (TI 2) is turned on for six turns of cassette rotation. All bees inside the cassette during rotation with each revolution through the cassette grid at the zenith are irradiated with an increased temperature pulse of 84 ° C for 0, 4 seconds, followed by cooling to 40 ° C for a turn time to the next position at the zenith after six seconds.

Each bee is irradiated from the side of the legs, the segments under which the ticks sit, part of the tick is located outside. The temperature impulse worries the tick, it leaves the segment, the next heat impulses sinter the tick. Ticks that fell on the tick net 13 are dead; they do not move their paws.

In the third minute according to the schedule of operation of the heat chamber with a rotating cassette 9 include a heat source 7 (TI3). A 1000 W halogen incandescent lamp (TI3) is installed in the center of the cassette along the rotation axis at a distance of 230 mm from the bees sitting on the cassette grid. TI3 creates a temperature of 64 ° C, the duration of the heat pulse is three seconds in the second hand of a clock, seven seconds is a pause. Repeat inclusion six times - six pulses.

When the heat sources TI2 or TI3 are turned on, the TI1 source is turned off if the temperature in the heat chamber rises above 40 ° С.

In the fourth minute, turn on the heat source TI2 for six turns of the cartridge. All bees inside the cassette during rotation with each revolution through the cassette grid at the zenith are irradiated with an increased temperature pulse of 84 ° C for 0, 4 seconds, followed by cooling to 40 ° C for a turn time to the next position at the zenith after six seconds.

In the fifth minute, with a rotating cassette, the TI3 heat source is turned on. 64 ° C for three seconds - thermal impulse, the next seven seconds pause. Repeat the inclusion of the heat source TI3 up to six times.

At the sixth and seventh minutes, the cycle repeats:

At the sixth minute, turn on the heat source TI2 for six turns of the cartridge. All bees inside the cassette during rotation with each revolution through the cassette grid at the zenith are irradiated with an increased temperature pulse of 84 ° C for 0, 4 seconds, followed by cooling to 40 ° C for a turn time to the next position at the zenith after six seconds.

In the seventh minute with a rotating cassette of 64 ° C for three seconds, a thermal impulse, the next seven seconds pause. Repeat the inclusion of the heat source TI3 up to six times.

In the seventh minute, even single ticks stop falling. Turn off the heat chamber. They take out the cassette from the heat chamber, put it on top, the bees calm down. Return the bees to the hive.

The proposed method has been processed more than two hundred bee colonies, there are no cases of steaming bees. The dimensions of the heat chamber were: 770 × 830 × 1330 mm. The diameter of the cartridge is 480 mm, the length is 550 mm.

All wintered in good condition until the spring flyby, in the spring they developed very well.

The proposed method allows you to affect the tick before sintering, but not affect the bee. Since the mass of the tick is less than the mass of the bee by 72 times, the bee does not have time to heat up in a short period of time, and after the pulse there comes a pause of 7-8 seconds of cooling to 40 degrees. The tick is heated voluminously, and the bee on one side: alternately from below or from above.

To compare the two methods of heat treatment, we will recalculate in degrees seconds. The prototype method at 47 ° C for 15 minutes will be: 47 × 15 = 47 ° × 900 s = 42300 degree seconds of heat exposure to bees.

The proposed method of heat treatment.

The first minute, heating the heat chambers and cassettes with bees to 40 ° TI1. 40 ° × 60 s = 2400 degree seconds.

When TI2 or TI3 is turned on, the source of TI1 is turned off.

The temperature effect on the bees in the second, fourth and sixth minutes in the amount of 18 pulses of 0.4 seconds at 84 ° C will be: 84 ° × 0.4 s × 18 imp. = 604.8 degree seconds.

The temperature effect on bees in the third, fifth and seventh minutes of 18 pulses of 3 seconds at 64 ° C will be: 64 ° × 2s × 18 pulses. = 3456 degree seconds.

The sum of degree seconds of exposure to bees by the proposed method: 2400 + 604.8 + 3456 = 6460.8 degree seconds. Compare two methods: 42300 / 6460.8 = 6.547 = 6.5. The thermal effect on bees is 6.5 times less and more than two times less in time.

Claims (1)

A method of treating bees from a Varroa tick by heat treatment, which consists in transferring bees from the hive to a cylindrical cassette made of a net, which is mounted to rotate around its axis in a heat chamber equipped with three heat sources and a fan; in the first minute, the TI1 heat source is heated to 40 ° C in the heat chamber when the fan circulates the air circularly, then in the second, fourth and sixth minutes with the rotating cassette the TI2 heat source is turned on and the bees are exposed to pulses of a short-term temperature increase of 84 ° C at 0, 4 seconds, followed by cooling to 40 ° C, and at the third, fifth and seventh minutes with a rotating cassette, turn on a TI3 heat source, apply a heat pulse for six revolutions of the cassette m Temperature 64 ° C for three seconds with a pause of seven seconds, then turn off the heat chamber, take out the cassette with bees, put stand and then returned to the hive.

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