RU2679707C1 - Industrial seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.SUBSTANCE: seeder contains a frame, two-section bunkers for seeds and fertilizers, on which grain and fertilizer sowing devices, supporting and driving and transport wheels, and a continuously variable gearbox are mounted. Frame is equipped with double-disk coulters with support-press wheels. Seeds from the sowing units are fed by seed pipes to the coulters. Each sowing unit is made with an adjustable grain coil consisting of three discs. On both sides of the coil there are wedges arranged to change the position of the coils for adjusting the seeding on the basis of their size. Drive of the sowing apparatus is carried out through a continuously variable reducer chain transmission. For safe maintenance, the planter is equipped with support platforms with anti-slip flooring. There is a hitch for connecting the drill to the tractor. When storing the planter is installed on special stands.EFFECT: this design of the grain planter provides increased strength characteristics of agricultural machinery, improving the quality of sowing and reducing the setting time of the planter before sowing and the service time of the seeder during sowing.7 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to grain seeders, and is intended for ordinary, combined sowing of seed material of cereals (wheat, rye, barley, oats) and legumes (peas, beans, soybeans, lentils, beans, rank, chickpeas, lupins) and small-seeded crops (buckwheat, millet, sorghum, etc.) with the simultaneous introduction of granular mineral fertilizers.

A well-known ordinary grain seeder SZ-5.4, which contains a frame, hoppers for seeds and fertilizers with sowing devices, support-drive and transport wheels, a drive from the wheels to the sowing devices and openers with seed tubes (http://oselhoztehnike.ru/posevnaya /seyalka-sz-5-4-zernotukovaya.html, September 2016).

The disadvantages of this seeder are: low mechanical and strength characteristics, for the seeder of this design there is a high probability of deformation of the frame during sowing, which leads to uneven sowing of the seed. The mechanical drive mechanism of grain and fertilizer sowing machines does not allow for smooth adjustment of the seeding rate. After changing the gear ratio in the drive mechanism of the metering devices, it is necessary to adjust the length of the working part of the coils.

The prior art grain seeder containing apparatuses for sowing and mineral fertilizers, transport-technological and transport wheels, a drive from the wheels to the sowing devices through a variator and disk coulters with vas deferens. Disc coulters are equipped with press rollers, and seeding rates are set by variators. In this seeder, it is possible to simultaneously fertilize, as the hopper is two-section, one section for seeds, the second for fertilizers (RU 2473198, 01.27.2013).

This design does not eliminate the above disadvantages.

The technical problem to which the proposed invention is directed is to expand the arsenal of machines for sowing grain and leguminous crops, the parameters and characteristics of which provide high mechanical and strength characteristics and improve operational characteristics without reducing the quality and speed of sowing.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of this invention is to increase the strength characteristics of agricultural machinery, as well as improving the quality of sowing and reducing the setup time of the seeder before sowing and the service time of the seeder during the sowing process.

The specified technical result is achieved in a grain seeder containing a frame mounted on support and drive wheels, on which two-section bunkers for seeds and fertilizers are placed with sowing devices mounted on them, indirectly connected with at least one stepless gearbox and made with the possibility of feeding a seed material along the seed tubes to double-disc coulters with support-rolling wheels, and a device for automatically turning off the drive of a stepless gearbox, etc. and each sowing device is made with an adjustable grain coil, consisting of three disks and on both sides of which there are wedges made with the possibility of changing the position for adjusting the sowing of seeds based on their size.

The sowing units are connected to a stepless gearbox through a chain transmission.

The grain seeder is additionally equipped with support platforms with anti-slip flooring and supports for storing it when not in use, and also contains a hitch for connecting to the tractor.

The frame has a rectangular and square section profile made of low alloy steel and to prevent deformation it uses spreels from a rectangular section profile.

The wedges are made with the possibility of fixing them from spontaneous movement with the help of a ball pressed by a spring.

The stepless gearbox contains a housing in which three cams are fixed on a camshaft with a pitch of 120 degrees, providing a smooth rotation of the output shaft through the reciprocating motion of the pushers and levers, while the pushers are made with the ability to return to their original position by means of springs.

The device for automatically turning off the drive of a stepless gearbox consists of a housing in which the drive shaft is located, a drive bracket, expandable stops and a clutch made to move along the splines of the drive shaft and a compressible spring.

The press wheels have smooth sides, which reduces the spread of soil and get the seed bed of a more regular shape.

The claimed design of the seeder grain provides an increase in the strength characteristics of agricultural machinery, improving the quality of sowing and reducing the setup time of the seeder before sowing and service time of the seeder during the sowing process, as well as reducing the number of staff.

Thanks to a gearbox with stepless adjustment and smooth operation, as well as sowing machines with an adjustable grain coil, the seed rate is dosed from 400 kg to 5 kg per hectare with maximum accuracy. The seeds of crops such as rapeseed, grains and legumes are dosed exactly the same. The continuously variable gearbox is maintenance-free and easy to operate.

Important for many farms is the ability to simultaneously fertilize. To do this, the hopper is divided into two parts. 60% of the hopper is filled with seed and 40% with fertilizers. Dosing when combining seed and fertilizer is carried out by two gearboxes. When a turn is made at the edge of the field, the seed and fertilizer application system is automatically turned off to prevent seed overruns.

To paint the inner surface of the bunker, subject to aggressive chemical products and abrasive wear, EMAKOUT 7320 ZhD enamel is used - a one-component paint and varnish-based material based on a vinyl copolymer, which significantly increases the life of the bunker.

The essence of the claimed invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 and 2 show a general view of a grain seeder; in FIG. 3-6 - adjustable grain coil of the metering unit; in FIG. 7 - stepless gear; in FIG. 8, 9 - device for automatic shutdown of a continuously variable gear drive.

The seeder (Fig. 1, 2) contains a frame 1, two-section bins for seeds and fertilizers 2, on which grain 3 and fertilizer 4 sowing devices are mounted, support-drive 5 and transport wheels 6 and a continuously variable gear 7. Two-disc coulters are mounted on frame 1 8 with supporting-rolling wheels 9. Seeds from sowing apparatus 3 are fed through seed tubes 10 to openers 8. The sowing apparatus 3, 4 is driven through a stepless gearbox 7 with a chain gear 14. For safe maintenance, the seeder is equipped with supporting platforms 11 with counter sliding flooring. For connecting the seeder to the tractor, there is a hitch 12. During storage, the seeder is installed on special stands 13.

Each sowing device 3, 4 is made with an adjustable grain coil (Fig. 3-6), which is designed for sowing small, medium and large seeds. There are small wedges 16 on the coil on both sides 16. The coil itself consists of three disks: the middle disk 17 located between the extreme disks 18. By changing the position of the wedges 16, the coil is regulated to sow the seeds based on their size. The wedges 16 are fixed from spontaneous movement by a ball 19 pressed by a spring 20. Depending on the size of the seeds, the wedges 16 have three positions:

a) both wedges 16 are retracted - three discs 17, 18 rotate together (sowing large seeds);

b) one of the wedges 16 is extended - two discs 18 rotate together (sowing medium seeds);

c) both wedges 16 are extended - one middle disk 17 rotates (sowing small seeds).

Gear 7 with stepless adjustment (Fig. 7) is designed to adjust the seeding rate from 5 kg to 400 kg per hectare with maximum accuracy.

The continuously variable gearbox 7 is maintenance free and easy to operate. Three cams 21, mounted on the cam shaft 22 in increments of 120 degrees, provide a smooth rotation of the output shaft 23 through the reciprocating movement of the pushers 24 and levers 25. The springs 26 return the pushers 24 to their original position. The adjustment of the rotation speed of the output shaft 23 is carried out by moving the adjusting lever 27 fixed on the shaft 28. Changing the position of the shaft 28 in the angle of rotation changes the distance that the pushers 24 pass per unit of time. As a result, the rotation speed of the output shaft 23 changes.

The device (Fig. 8, 9) for automatically turning off the drive of the continuously variable gearbox 7 is mounted on the frame 1 (pos. 15 of Fig. 1) and is designed to automatically turn off the drive of the gearbox 7 for adjusting the seeding rate (Fig. 1). The device consists of a housing 29, a drive bracket 30, expandable stops 31. When lifting the coulters 8 from the operating position, the drive bracket 30 connected to one of the expandable stops 31, turning around the axis of rotation of the expandable stop 31, disengages the clutch 33 from the engagement with the driven sprocket 32 Thus, the gearbox drive 7 is disconnected, which is carried out from the driven sprocket 32.

The clutch 33 moves freely along the splines of the drive shaft 34. To ensure the engagement of the clutch 33 and the driven sprocket 32, a spring 35 is used, which constantly presses the clutch 33. As a result, when lowering the openers 8, the clutch 33 and the driven sprocket 32 engage. 35 prevents damage to the clutch 33 and the driven sprocket 32 when their teeth hit each other. To prevent the teeth from jamming during gearing, their non-working sides are beveled.

Seeder grain works as follows.

Before sowing, the grain seeder is set on the edge of the field.

Seeds sprinkled into the grain compartment and fertilizers from the fat compartment of the grain box drawer by gravity fill the receiving chambers of the sowing apparatus.

During the movement of the seeder with the coulters lowered into the working position, the coils of grain and fertilizer sowing apparatus, rotating, capture seeds and fertilizers and throw them into the funnel of the seed tubes. Through the vas deferens, seeds and fertilizers enter the coulters and then, sliding along the guides, fall to the bottom of the furrows formed by the coulter discs in the soil.

Seeding of seeds and fertilizers is done by openers and support wheels.

The depth of embedment of the seed into the soil is adjusted using a support-rolling wheel. The press wheel compacts the soil, creating optimal seed contact with the soil.

Claims (7)

1. A grain seeder, characterized in that it contains a frame mounted on the supporting drive and transport wheels, on which two-section bunkers for seeds and fertilizers with sowing devices mounted on them are placed, indirectly connected with at least one stepless gearbox and made with the possibility of feeding seed material through the seed tubes to double-disc coulters with support wheels, and an automatic shut-off device for a continuously variable gear drive, each seeding yuschy apparatus is controlled grain coil consisting of three discs and two sides which are arranged wedges adapted to change the position for setting the seeding on the basis of their size. 2. A grain seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the sowing devices are connected to a stepless gearbox through a chain transmission. 3. The grain seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with supporting platforms with anti-slip flooring and supports for storing it when not in use, and also contains a coupling device for connecting to the tractor. 4. A grain seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame has a rectangular and square section profile made of low alloy steel and to prevent deformation, spreels from a rectangular section profile are used in it. 5. A seeder grain according to claim 1, characterized in that the wedges are made with the possibility of fixing them from spontaneous movement with the help of a ball pressed by a spring. 6. The grain seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the continuously variable gearbox comprises a housing in which three cams are fixed on a camshaft with a pitch of 120 degrees, providing a smooth rotation of the output shaft through the reciprocating movement of the pushers and levers, while the pushers are made with the ability to return to its original position by means of springs. 7. The seeder grain according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for automatically turning off the drive of the continuously variable gearbox consists of a housing in which the drive shaft, the drive bracket, expanding stops and clutch are arranged to move along the splines of the drive shaft and the spring is compressible.

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