RU2679700C9 - Multi-functional tillage unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building. Multifunctional tillage unit contains frame (1) with support wheels (2), detachable tools – flat hoes (4) or duck feet (5), and disk sections (7), rigidly fixed by means of mounting brackets (8) relative to frame beam (1). Mounting brackets (8) have a hinged connection, which, due to the rotation in the horizontal plane, enables their displacement on different sides of the beam about its axis and between different numbers of disks on battery axis (7). Frame beam (1) is located at an approach angle, providing for two variants of mounting brackets (8) disk sections (7) on different sides of the beam relative to its axis, installation of disk sections (7) with maximum and minimum approach angle.

EFFECT: improved quality of tillage and enhanced functionality of the unit.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to multifunctional units for tillage.

Known multifunctional tillage unit company Bomet (Poland), capable of performing three operations: the main subsurface tillage with the leveling and rolling of the upper soil layer, cultivating the soil with harrowing the upper soil layer, cultivating the soil with cutting and forming ridges. In the first embodiment, the unit is equipped with flat-cutting legs, spherical disks and a roller; in the second - cultivating paws, supporting wheels, and a harrow with spring teeth is installed on the outriggers; in the third - loosening spring paws, crest-forming bodies, and on the external beams - equipment for profiling the ridge (Talarczyk W., Zbytek Z. Uniwersalna konstrukcja kultywatora podorywkowego i obsypnika do ziemniaków // Zeszytychnyu, 2009: 54 zyzytychny 364 p.).

The disadvantages of this device are the small depth of tillage with flat cutting paws and the inability to perform continuous tillage with disk working bodies, which limits the scope of the implement and reduces the quality of the tillage.

The closest in technical essence and combination of essential features to the claimed device is a tillage unit containing a frame, support wheels, flat-cutting legs mounted in the form of a return wedge, and disk batteries that are rigidly fixed relative to the frame and have mechanisms for adjusting the depth of soil cultivation, and disk the batteries are installed parallel to the rows of flat-cutting paws at a distance of 0.5 ... 0.8 m (Pat. 2604296 RF, IPC A01B 49/02. Combined tillage unit / S.L. Dyomshin, D.A. Cher emisinov, E.A. Vladimirov. - No. 2015111946/13; application. 04/01/2015; publ. 10.12.2016; Bull. No. 34).

The disadvantage of this unit is the inability to adapt disk batteries to changing working conditions due to the lack of adjustment of their angle of attack and, as a consequence, the poor quality of soil treatment.

The invention is aimed at solving the following problem - to improve the quality of soil cultivation by a multifunctional tillage unit and to expand its functionality.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the multifunctional tillage unit containing a frame with support wheels sequentially mounted on it, interchangeable working bodies: flat-cutting paws or lancet cultivating paws, and disk batteries rigidly fixed relative to the frame beam, according to the invention, disk mounting brackets batteries to the frame beam have a swivel joint, allowing due to rotation in the horizontal plane, their rearrangement to different e sides of the beam relative to its axis and between a different number of disks on the axis of the battery, while the beam of the frame on which the disk batteries are mounted by means of mounting brackets is located at an angle of attack, providing for two options for the location of the mounting brackets of disk batteries on different sides of the beam relative to its axis installation of disk batteries with a maximum and minimum angle of attack.

The technological scheme of the soil cultivating unit, in which the disk battery acts on the soil layer, descending from ploskorezhnyh or cultivating paws, provides high quality soil treatment. With rigid fixation of the working bodies of the unit relative to the frame, the specified depth of tillage is provided by the support wheels and partially disk batteries, which significantly improves the quality of the soil treatment due to the higher stability of the course along the depth of processing of plane-cutting or cultivating paws.

To adapt the unit’s disk batteries to operating conditions due to changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, terrain, or agrotechnical requirements for cultivating crops, a stepwise change in the angle of attack is provided by moving their mounting brackets on different sides of the timber relative to its axis and between different numbers of disks on the axis of the battery. This adjustment is provided by the design of the brackets for securing the disk batteries to the beam of the frame, which includes a pivotally attached device for fastening to the beam relative to its axis and the device of one-piece fastening on the body of the mechanism for adjusting the depth of processing and which provides rotation in the horizontal plane of the main part of the bracket with the mechanism for adjusting the depth of processing and bearing the battery assembly relative to the axis of the frame beam. The ability to control the angle of attack of disk batteries allows you to quickly adapt the multifunctional tillage unit to a change in operating conditions, which significantly improves the quality of tillage.

The beam of the frame for attaching the disk batteries is located at an angle that corresponds to the average installation position of the disk batteries between the maximum and minimum angles of attack. This allows you to achieve the required angle of attack for the disking of the soil within the range of 0 ... 20 degrees without changing the angle of installation of the beam for mounting disk batteries only by moving the brackets for mounting disk batteries on different sides of the beam relative to its axis and between different numbers of disks on the axis of the battery greatly simplifies the design of the unit.

In order to expand the functionality of the tillage unit, it is provided for equipping it with replaceable working bodies - flat-cutting or cultivating paws, which allows the entire soil treatment complex to be performed by one unit.

To perform basic subsurface tillage to a depth of 16 ... 25 cm with tillage up to 8 cm deep, plane-cutting legs and disk batteries are installed on the unit frame. In this case, with a decrease in the depth of soil treatment with flat-cutting legs, it is recommended to reduce the depth of soil treatment with disk batteries, which is possible when they are installed at lower angles of attack.

To carry out pre-sowing tillage by 5 ... 12 cm, instead of plane-cutting paws, removable bars with cultivating paws are installed on the unit frame, and disk batteries are lengthened due to interchangeable axes of greater length and additional disks. At the same time, it is advisable to reduce their angle of attack to 0 ... 5 degrees, since additional tillage with disks, comparable in depth and quality to the passage of cultivating paws, will lead to overgrowing of soil particles to an erosion-hazardous state. When processing the soil at small or even minimally negative angles of attack, disk batteries provide additional leveling and rolling of the soil, loosened by the tillage paws, thereby significantly improving the quality of the soil treatment.

Thus, the combination of the above essential features provides an improvement in the quality of soil cultivation by a multifunctional tillage unit due to quick adaptation to changing operating conditions through the proposed method for regulating the angle of attack of disk batteries, which also allows them to be used both for disking and for leveling and rolling soil.

In FIG. 1 shows the layout of the working bodies of a multifunctional tillage unit with the following:

a - plane-cutting legs and disk batteries at a maximum angle of attack;

b - plane-cutting legs and disk batteries with an average angle of attack;

c - plane-cutting legs and disk batteries with a minimum angle of attack;

g - cultivating legs and disk batteries with a minimum angle of attack;

in FIG. 2 is a diagram of a multifunctional tillage unit (side view) equipped with flat-cutting (a) and cultivating legs (b).

A multifunctional tillage unit (Fig. 1, 2) consists of a frame 1, support wheels 2 with a mechanism for regulating the depth of soil cultivation 3, interchangeable working bodies - flat-cutting legs 4 or lancet cultivating legs 5 mounted on removable bars 6, and disk batteries 7, which are rigidly fixed relative to the frame through the mounting brackets 8. The disk batteries 7 have mechanisms for adjusting the depth of tillage 9 and stepwise adjustment of the angle of attack due to the fact that their mounting brackets 8 have a hinged soy The force, allowing due to rotation in the horizontal plane, the rearrangement of the brackets on different sides of the beam relative to its axis and between different numbers of disks on the axis of the battery.

A multifunctional tillage unit operates as follows. Depending on the type of interchangeable working bodies installed on frame 1, the corresponding type of tillage is performed. When installing flat-cutting paws 4 on the frame 1, the main soilless cultivation of the soil is carried out with additional loosening of the top soil layer by disk batteries 7. When installing cultivating paws 4 on the frame 1 on removable bars 6, pre-sowing soil treatment is performed with additional leveling and rolling of the soil by disk batteries 7, which lengthen due to interchangeable axes of greater length and additional disks, and their angle of attack is reduced to a minimum value.

When the unit moves, plane-cutting 4 or lancet cultivating paws 5 loosen the soil layer, cutting and lifting it, which provides the necessary crumbling and cutting of the roots of weeds. Disc batteries 7 when installed at large angles of attack (10 ... 20 degrees) produce surface loosening (up to 6 ... 8 cm) of the upper soil layer, which reduces the number of weeds and contributes to better decomposition of plant residues. With a decrease in the angle of attack of the disc working bodies, the depth and intensity of the tillage decreases. The installation of disk batteries 7 at small angles of attack causes their minimum deepening and, accordingly, the leveling and rolling of the soil, loosened by the tillage paws 4 and 5, which is especially important when pre-sowing the soil. It should be borne in mind that the type of cutting edge of installed disks has a significant influence on the nature of soil treatment with disk batteries.

The specified depth of tillage and the stability of the stroke along the depth of the flat-cutting 4 or cultivator 5 paws are supported by the support wheels 2 and partially disk batteries 7 due to their rigid mounting on the frame 1 using the appropriate mechanisms for adjusting the depth of processing 3 and 9.

The use of a multifunctional tillage unit in comparison with the prototype will significantly improve the quality of tillage and expand its functionality.

Claims (1)

A multifunctional tillage unit containing a frame with support wheels sequentially mounted on it, interchangeable working bodies - flat-cutting legs or lancet cultivating legs, and disk batteries rigidly fixed relative to the frame beam, characterized in that the brackets for securing the disk batteries to the frame beam have a hinge joint, allowing due to rotation in the horizontal plane, their rearrangement on different sides of the timber relative to its axis and between different amounts of di Cove on the battery axis, the frame beam, on which the disc batteries by fastening brackets arranged at an angle of attack, providing for two variants of the location of fastening disc batteries arms on different sides of the beam with respect to its axis of installation disk batteries with maximum and minimum angle of attack.

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