RU2671344C2 - Connecting unit for connecting ball bearing part - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions refers to engineering, in particular, to a connecting unit for connecting two and three ball bearing part. Connecting unit for connecting two ball bearing part using two fastening elements is characterized by the following features: fastening elements are made in the form of a screw comprising a head and a rod; in each ball bearing a dull radial threaded hole is provided for accommodating the screw rod. To connect each ball bearing in a part, figurine-shaped through holes of variable diameter are made for the placement of screws, wherein said through-holes include a coupling portion of the ball bearing part, a cylindrical portion for accommodating the screw shaft, and a portion for accommodating the head of the fixing screw. Each composite hole in the component is placed coaxially with the hole in the corresponding ball bearing. Rod of each fastening screw is disposed in a corresponding cylindrical portion of the through-hole of the part with a gap providing an angular displacement of the part relative to the corresponding ball bearing, and is fixed by thread in a blind hole of the corresponding ball bearing. Under each head of the screw, an elastic compensator and a conical washer are installed, supported by their internal conical surface on a spherical surface formed in the area to accommodate the head of the corresponding fixing screw. Each center of a convex corresponding spherical surface coincides with the center of the corresponding ball bearing.

EFFECT: possibility of moving the ball bearings relative to the workpiece; as well as the possibility of constant positioning of the part relative to the ball bearings when the part is expanded or compressed, for example, due to temperature changes.

14 cl, 26 dwg

Description

Technical field

The group of inventions relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to a connecting block for connecting parts on two and three ball bearings. The group of inventions can be applied in mechanical engineering, transport, space and laboratory technology, for example, as supporting platforms for telescopes, optical instruments, antenna devices, measuring systems, etc.

State of the art

Currently, to solve certain technical problems, it is necessary to connect various parts to ball bearings, for example, to position a flat part on two or three ball bearings.

In this application, the term "ball bearing" means a ball part designed to transfer weight and other loads from the unit (device) or part to the body (base).

So, from the prior art - DE 4104581 A1 (class E04B 1/19; F16S 3/08, publ. 08.20.1992) known connecting block for connecting parts (tubular) and one ball bearing. In the ball bearing, a blind hole with a thread is made for installing the screw. The tubular part has an end conical part in which a screw is installed. The end conical part is adjacent to the ball joint by means of a coupling. This connection block for connecting parts (tubular) and ball bearings refers mainly to the mounting blocks of spatial trusses and allows you to make this connection invisible at a low cost of its manufacture. This connection unit does not have the ability to ball bearings relative to the part.

The closest analogue of the claimed utility model is the connection block, which is described in DE 10102862 A1 (CL F16B 5/06, F16B 5/02, E04F 11/18, E04F 13/08, E06B 3/54, publ. 08/14/2002) .

The connection block consists of a base and an upper plate, between which a plate is located. A flange is attached at the bottom of the base, in which a hole for the bolt is made. A bolt passing through the hole of the flange is mounted on a spherical part. Thus, the plate is connected to the spherical part. In this case, the lower side of the base and the upper side of the flange form a connection that allows the plate to rotate / rotate relative to the flange and, accordingly, the spherical part. The disadvantages of this block connection are the complexity of the design of the block, because the rotation of the part is carried out by connecting the lower side of the base and the upper side of the flange; the inability to move the plate directly relative to the part (ball joint), and accordingly the inability to move the ball joint relative to the whole part.

The above-described connecting blocks are also susceptible to changes in the temperature of the working medium: for example, in the case of changes in the temperature of the part or support, their uniform expansion (compression) occurs, which leads to the displacement of the part relative to the ball bearing and subsequent incorrect operation of the entire connection block due to violation of positioning of the part. Also, these blocks connect the part with only one ball bearing.

A technical problem is the implementation of the connecting block for connecting the part on two and three ball bearings with the possibility of moving the ball bearings relative to the part and with the possibility of constant positioning of the part relative to these ball bearings during expansion / compression.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result of the invention is the ability to move ball bearings relative to the part; as well as the possibility of constant positioning of the part relative to the ball bearings during expansion or contraction of the part, for example, due to temperature changes.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the connecting block for connecting parts on two ball bearings using two fasteners is characterized by the following features:

- fasteners are made in the form of a screw containing a head and a rod;

- in each ball bearing a blind radial hole with a thread is made, designed to accommodate the screw shaft;

- to connect the first ball joint in the part, a complex-shaped through hole of variable diameter is made, designed to accommodate a screw, while this through hole includes a section for mating the part with a ball bearing, a cylindrical section to accommodate the screw shaft, and a section to accommodate the head of the fixing screw; the profile of the through hole at the interface between the part and the given ball bearing has either the shape of a truncated cone, expanding towards the ball bearing and in contact with it, or a cylindrical shape,

- in this case, in the case of a through hole profile being made at the interface between the part and the given ball bearing in a cylindrical form, a conical washer is placed in the through hole of the part in contact with its inner conical surface with the spherical surface of this ball bearing, and the diameter of this conical washer and the diameter of the through hole on This site are cool;

- to connect the second ball joint in the part, a complex-shaped through hole of variable diameter is also provided, designed to accommodate the screw, while this through hole includes a section for mating the part with this ball bearing, a cylindrical section to accommodate the screw shaft, and a section to accommodate the head of the fixing screw; the through hole at the interface between the part and the ball joint is made in the form of a closed groove having a rectangular section in which a conical washer is placed with a gap that allows the washer to be displaced along the length of the groove and in contact with its spherical surface with the spherical surface of the ball joint, and the diameter of the conical the washers and groove width are cool;

- a cool groove is made in the part so that the continuation of its longitudinal axis passes through the center of mating of the part with the first ball bearing;

- in this case, each complex-profile hole in the part is placed coaxially with the hole in the corresponding ball bearing;

- the rod of each fastening screw is placed in the corresponding cylindrical section of the through hole of the part with a gap providing angular displacement of the part relative to the corresponding ball joint, and is fixed by means of a thread in the blind hole of the corresponding ball joint;

- an elastic compensator and a conical washer are installed under each screw head, resting on its spherical surface on a spherical surface formed in the area for accommodating the head of the corresponding fixing screw;

- each center of the convex corresponding spherical surface coincides with the center of the corresponding spherical support.

As an elastic compensator, a disk spring or a gear lock washer, or a Grover washer can be used.

The cylindrical section for placing the screw shaft in cross section can be made in the form of a circle.

The cylindrical section for placing the screw shaft in cross section can be made in the form of an ellipse.

The spherical surface formed in the area for accommodating the head of the fixing screw may be the surface of the spherical washer located in the through hole in this area.

The spherical surface formed in the area for accommodating the head of the first fixing screw may be part of the through hole profile.

The groove in the cross section can be made in the form of a rectangle with rounded sides.

The technical result is also achieved due to the connecting unit for connecting parts on three ball bearings using three fasteners, which is characterized by the following features:

- fasteners are made in the form of a screw containing a head and a rod;

- in each ball bearing a blind radial hole with a thread is made, designed to accommodate the screw shaft;

- to connect the first ball joint in the part, a complex-shaped through hole of variable diameter is made, designed to accommodate a screw, while this through hole includes a section for mating the part with a ball bearing, a cylindrical section to accommodate the screw shaft, and a section to accommodate the head of the fixing screw; the profile of the through hole at the interface between the part and the given ball bearing has either the shape of a truncated cone, expanding towards the ball bearing and in contact with it, or a cylindrical shape,

- in this case, in the case of the profile of the through hole at the interface between the part and the given ball bearing in cylindrical shape, a conical washer is placed in the through hole of the part in contact with its inner conical surface with the spherical surface of the ball bearing, and the diameter of the conical washer and the diameter of the through hole on this The plot are cool;

- to connect the second ball joint in the part, a complex-shaped through hole of variable diameter is also provided, designed to accommodate the screw, while this through hole includes a section for mating the part with this ball bearing, a cylindrical section to accommodate the screw shaft, and a section to accommodate the head of the fixing screw; the through hole at the interface between the part and the ball joint is made in the form of a closed groove having a rectangular section in which a conical washer is placed with a gap that allows the washer to be displaced along the length of the groove and in contact with its spherical surface with the spherical surface of the ball joint, and the diameter of the conical the washers and groove width are cool;

- a cool groove is made in the part so that the continuation of its longitudinal axis passes through the center of mating of the part with the first ball bearing;

- to connect the third ball joint in the part, a complex-shaped through hole of variable diameter is provided, designed to accommodate the screw, while the through hole includes a cylindrical section for accommodating the screw shaft and a section for accommodating the head of the fixing screw; between the part and the third ball bearing there is a conical washer through which the screw shaft passes, and which contacts its inner conical surface with the spherical surface of this ball bearing;

- the centers of three complex-profile holes do not lie on one straight line;

- in this case, each complex-profile hole in the part is placed coaxially with the hole in the corresponding ball bearing;

- the rod of each fastening screw is placed in the corresponding cylindrical section of the through hole of the part with a gap providing angular displacement of the part relative to the corresponding ball joint, and is fixed by means of a thread in the blind hole of the corresponding ball joint;

- an elastic compensator and a conical washer are installed under each screw head, resting on its spherical surface on a spherical surface formed in the area for accommodating the head of the corresponding fixing screw;

- each center of the convex corresponding spherical surface coincides with the center of the corresponding spherical support.

As an elastic compensator, a disk spring or a gear lock washer, or a Grover washer can be used.

The cylindrical section for placing the screw shaft in cross section can be made in the form of a circle.

The cylindrical section for placing the screw shaft in cross section is made in the form of an ellipse.

The spherical surface formed in the area for accommodating the head of the fixing screw may be the surface of the spherical washer located in the through hole in this area.

The spherical surface formed in the area for accommodating the head of the first fixing screw may be part of the profile of the first through hole.

The groove in the cross section can be made in the form of a rectangle with rounded sides.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a top view of a joining part of a connecting block for joining a part on two ball bearings;

in FIG. 2 shows a drawing of a conical washer (under the screw head); cross-sectional view and top view;

in FIG. 3 shows a drawing of a convex spherical washer; cross-sectional view and top view;

in FIG. 4 shows a drawing of a thrust conical washer; cross-sectional view and top view;

in FIG. 5 shows a through-hole complex profile in a part for assembly A of Embodiment 1;

in FIG. 6 shows a section of the connecting block in the node A according to embodiment 1, wherein the convex spherical surface is a spherical washer;

in FIG. 7 shows a section through a 3D model of a connecting block in a node A according to embodiment 1;

FIG. 8 illustrates the ability to move a ball bearing relative to a part with a change in the direction of the axis of the mounting screw relative to the part to be joined for option 1 of node A;

in FIG. 9 shows a section of a connecting block in a node A according to embodiment 1, wherein the convex spherical surface is a convex spherical bottom made in a cylindrical recess;

in FIG. 10 shows a through-hole complex profile in a part for assembly A of Embodiment 2;

in FIG. 11 shows a section through a connection block in a node A of Embodiment 2, the convex spherical surface being a spherical washer;

in FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a 3D model of a connecting block in a node A according to embodiment 2;

FIG. 13 illustrates the ability to move the ball bearing relative to the part with a change in the direction of the axis of the mounting screw relative to the part to be joined for option 2 of node A;

in FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the connecting block in the assembly A according to embodiment 2, wherein the convex spherical surface is a convex spherical bottom made in a cylindrical recess;

in FIG. 15 shows a complex through hole in a part for assembly B;

in FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view of an assembled connecting block in assembly B;

in FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of an assembled connecting block in assembly B;

in FIG. 18 is a sectional view of a 3D model of a connection block in assembly B;

in FIG. 19 shows the possibility of displacement (movement) of the ball bearing relative to the part in the node In;

in FIG. 20 is a plan view of a joining part of a connecting block for joining a part on three ball joints;

in FIG. 21 shows a complex through hole in a part for assembly C;

in FIG. 22 is a longitudinal sectional view of an assembled connecting block at a node C;

in FIG. 23 is a sectional view of a 3D model of an assembled connecting block in a node C;

in FIG. 24 shows the possibility of moving the ball joint relative to the part in the assembly C;

in FIG. 25 shows a device for controlling the mutual orientation and relative position of measuring instruments, having the form of a triangular pyramid;

in FIG. 26 shows a device for controlling the relative orientation and relative position of measuring instruments with three devices mounted on its side faces.

The positions in the drawings indicate:

100 - a flat base on which ball bearings are fixed;

1 (1A, 1B, 1C) - ball bearing;

2 (2A, 2B, 2C) - a complex through-hole;

3 (3A, 3B, 3C) - a convex spherical washer;

4 (4A, 4B, 4C) - a conical washer under the screw head;

5 (5A, 5B, 5C) - mounting screw;

6 (6A, 6B, 6C) - the gap between the shaft of the screw 5 and the through hole 8;

7 (7A, 7B, 7C) - cylindrical recess (recess);

8 (8A, 8B, 8C) - a through hole for the mounting screw 5;

9 (9A, 9B, 9C) - a blind threaded hole in the ball joint 1 for the mounting screw 5;

10 (10A, 10B, 10C) - elastic compensator;

11 - detail;

12A is a conical recess in the part 11, based on a ball bearing 1A [option 1 for node A];

13A is a convex spherical bottom in a cylindrical recess 7A;

14A is a cylindrical recess (recess) with a flat bottom for a conical washer 15A [option 2 for node A];

15 (15A, 15B, 15C) - supporting class washer;

16B - indoor cool groove;

17C is a flat surface of a part 11 to which a supporting conical washer 15C is pressed;

18 - a device for monitoring the relative orientation and relative position of measuring instruments;

19 - stellar orientation sensor;

20 - direction sensor to the sun;

21 - the base of the device (pyramid);

22 - displacement sensor;

R ₁ (R _1A , R _1B , R _1C ) is the radius of curvature of the corresponding ball bearing (1A, 1B, 1C);

R _2A is the radius of curvature of the convex spherical surface (convex spherical bottom 13A or spherical washer 3A);

R _2B , R _2C is the radius of curvature of the convex spherical washer 3B, 3C;

O (O _A , O _B , O _C ) is the center of the corresponding spherical support (1A, 1B, 1C) coinciding with the center of the convex spherical surface (convex spherical bottom 13A or the corresponding spherical washer 3).

The implementation of the invention

Connection block for connecting parts on two ball joints

The connecting block for connecting the part on two ball bearings contains: part 11 and, accordingly, two ball bearings 1A and 1B. The component 11 is connected to the ball bearing 1A by means of a node A, and to the ball bearing 1B by means of a node B. The component 11 can be made in any shape, for example, flat (plate, plate), etc.

Ball bearings can in turn be rigidly fixed to the base 100. The base 100 may be the base of the device for controlling the relative orientation of the devices or the support of such a device or the base of the target equipment, etc.

The node And connecting the part 11 and the corresponding ball bearing 1A can be made in two variants of execution and is arranged as follows.

Option 1 run node A.

The assembly A connecting the part 11 and the ball joint 1A includes: a fastening element, an elastic compensator 10A, a conical washer 4A and a convex spherical surface (3A, 13A).

The fastener is made in the form of a screw 5A containing a head and a threaded rod.

For this assembly A, a complex through hole 2A (Fig. 5) of variable diameter, designed to accommodate a screw 5A, is made in part 11, and this through hole includes a part for mating the part with a ball bearing (conical recess 12A), a cylindrical section for accommodating the screw shaft 5A (through hole 8A) and a portion for receiving the head of the fixing screw 5A (cylindrical recess 7A). The through hole 8A has a cylindrical portion for receiving a 5A screw shaft; this cylindrical section in cross section can be made in the form of a circle or an ellipse. The through hole 8A is coaxial to the recess (recess) 7A. Between the hole 8A and the screw rod 5A located inside it, there is a gap 6A, which provides the angular displacement (rotation) of the ball joint 1A together with the screw 5A relative to the part 11 - FIG. 8.

The surface of the conical recess 12A has the ability to slide (move) over the surface of the ball joint 1A, and the conical surface of the washer 4A, on which the screw head 5A rests, along the spherical surface of the washer 3A or of the spherical bottom 13A. The rotation is carried out around the center (point O _A ) of the ball joint 1A. The angular displacement is limited by the size of the gap 6A, the diameter of the cylindrical recess 7A, the diameter of the washer 4A and the diameter of the spherical surface (3A, 13A).

In the ball bearing 1A itself, a threaded blind radial hole 9A is provided for mounting the shaft of the fixing screw 5A. Thus, the shaft of the screw 5A is secured by threading to the blind hole 9A of the ball joint 1A.

The complex through hole 2A in the part 11 and the hole 9A in the ball joint 1A are aligned.

To install the ball bearing 1A in the part 11, a conical recess 12A is made, coaxial to the through hole 8A (and, accordingly, the cylindrical recess 7A). Thus, the profile of the through hole at the interface between the part 11 and the ball bearing 1A has the shape of a truncated cone (recess 12A), expanding towards the ball bearing 1A and in contact with the ball bearing.

The contact of the part 11 with the ball bearing 1A is carried out through the aforementioned conical recess 12A.

Under the screw head 5A, an elastic compensator 10A and a conical washer 4A are installed, resting on its spherical surface 3A or 13A, formed on the site for holding the head of the fixing screw 5A, with its internal (concave) conical surface, and it (the washer 4A) is facing with the external (flat) surface to the compensator 10A. The screw head 5A, the compensator 10A, the conical washer 4A and the spherical surface 3A or 13A are located in the recess 7A. The shaft of the screw 5A passes through the compensator 10A, the conical washer 4A and the spherical surface 3A or 13A, as well as through the holes 8A and 9A.

The spherical surface formed in the portion for accommodating the head of the fixing screw 5A may be the surface of the spherical washer 3A located in the complex through hole 2A, and specifically in the portion in the recess 7A - FIG. 6. Either the spherical surface formed in the area for accommodating the head of the fixing screw 5A may be a part of the profile of the through hole 2A, and specifically a part of the profile of the recess 7A, forming a convex spherical bottom 13A - FIG. 9.

When making a spherical surface in the form of a spherical washer 3A: the flat side of the washer 3A will face the indentation 7A (towards the ball joint 1A), and a conical concave washer 4A is installed on the convex spherical side of the washer 3A with the inside (concave) side.

The elastic compensator 10A ensures the compression of the entire package of the connecting block in the node A with a calibrated force and, as a result, provides constant friction between the moving elements of the described block in the node A. As such an elastic compensator, a disk spring, a gear lock washer or a washer-groove can be used.

The radius of curvature R _{2A of the} convex spherical surface (convex spherical bottom 13A or spherical washer 3A) is selected so that the center of the convex spherical surface (washer 3A / spherical bottom 13A) coincides with the center of the ball joint 1A (incl. O _A ).

Option 2 execution node And

In this embodiment of the assembly A, instead of the conical recess 12A in the part 11, a cylindrical recess 14A is made, which is also a part of the complex through hole 2A, and this section is in contact with the ball bearing 1A. All other structural elements and their relationship compared to option 1 - remained unchanged.

Thus, to install the ball bearing 1A in the part 11, a cylindrical recess 14A with a flat bottom is made. A conical washer 15A is installed in the cylindrical recess 14A, which contacts its inner conical surface with the spherical surface of the ball joint 1A. The cylindrical recess 14A is aligned with the through hole 8A (and, accordingly, the cylindrical recess 7A). The diameter of the conical washer 15A and the diameter of the through hole in this section (cylindrical recess 14A) are cool.

A part element is called cool (for example, the outer diameter of the washer, the inner diameter of the hole / recess, etc.) if its size satisfies a certain accuracy class. The accuracy class is a set of tolerances, the value of which depends on the nominal size, and which correspond to the same degree of accuracy for all nominal sizes. In Russia, accuracy qualifications are defined in GOST 25346-89.

The surface of the recess 14A has the ability to slide (move) along the surface of the ball joint 1A by means of the washer 15A, and the conical surface of the washer 4A, on which the screw head 5A rests, on the spherical surface of the washer 3A or of the spherical bottom 13A. The rotation is carried out around the center (point O _A ) of the ball joint 1A. The angular displacement is limited by the size of the gap 6A, the diameter of the cylindrical recess 7A, the diameter of the washer 4A and the diameter of the spherical surface (3A, 13A).

Those. the contact of the part 11 with the ball bearing 1A is carried out on the washer 15A located in the recess 14A. Such a contact allows the movement of the ball joint 1A relative to the part 11 with a fixed position of its center and with constant contact of the part 11 with the support 1A. The outer diameter of the washer 15A coincides with the inner diameter of the recess 14A, which is why there is no play of the washer 15A relative to the part 11. Typically, option 2 of node A is used if the material of part 11 does not have the necessary qualities to slide on ball bearing 1.

Thus, this connection of the part 11 with the ball joint 1A by means of the assembly A will allow the ball joint 1A to be moved relative to the part 11 due to the simultaneous shift of the conical washer 4A along the convex surface of the spherical surface (washer 3A / spherical bottom 13A) and the shift of the conical recess 12A along the surface of the ball joint 1A (option 1) or the shift of the washer 15A in the recess 14A along the surface of the ball joint 1A (option 2). In this case, the axis direction of the fixing screw 5A relative to the part 11 varies within the limits determined by the diameters of the holes in the spherical surface 3A (13A) and the diameter of the through hole 8A in the part 11. An illustration of the movement of the ball joint 1A together with the screw 5A relative to the part 11 is shown in FIG. 8 and 13.

The assembly B of the connecting part 11 and the corresponding ball bearing 1B is arranged as follows.

The assembly B of the connecting part 11 and the ball joint 1B includes: a fastener, an elastic compensator 10B, a conical washer 4B, a spherical washer 3B and a supporting conical washer 15B. The supporting conical washer 15B is made with a cool outer diameter.

The fastening element is made in the form of a screw 5B containing a head and a threaded rod.

For this assembly B, in the part 11, a complex-shaped through hole 2B of variable diameter is made for accommodating a 5B screw, while this through hole includes a part for mating the part with a ball bearing (groove 16B), a cylindrical section for accommodating the screw shaft (through hole 8B), and a portion for accommodating the head of the fixing screw (cylindrical recess 7B). The through hole 8B has a cylindrical portion for receiving the shaft of the screw 5B; this cylindrical section in cross section can be made in the form of a circle or an ellipse. The through hole 8B is coaxial to the recess (recess) 7B.

Between the hole 8B and the screw rod 5 located inside it, there is a gap 6B, which ensures the angular displacement (rotation) of the ball joint 1B together with the screw 5B relative to the part 11.

In the ball bearing 1, a threaded blind radial hole 9B is provided for mounting the 5V fixing screw. Thus, the shaft of the screw 5B is secured by threading to the blind hole 9B of the ball joint 1B.

The complex through hole 2B in the part 11 and the hole 9B in the ball joint 1 are aligned.

The through hole in the interface of the part 11 with the ball bearing 1B is made in the form of a closed groove 16B. Those. To install the ball bearing 1B in the part 11, a closed groove 16B with a flat horizontal bottom is made. The groove 16B in the cross section has a predominantly rectangular shape, however, this rectangle can be with rounded sides (see Fig. 1), while the width (short side) of the groove 16B is made cool. Accordingly, this closed groove 16B is designed to accommodate a support conical washer 15B with a cool outer diameter.

The length (long side) of the rectangular class groove 16B is greater than the class diameter of the conical washer 15B, due to this a gap is formed that allows the washer 15B to be displaced along the length of the groove B6B. The width (short side) of the rectangular groove 16B is set with class accuracy and is equal to the external class diameter of the conical washer 15B installed in the groove 16B (see Fig. 17). In this case, the flat side of the washer 15B is directed inside the groove 16B to its flat horizontal surface, and the (inner) concave conical side of the washer 15B is directed and rests on the ball bearing 1B. The outer cool cylindrical side of the washer 15B is in contact with the sides of the cool groove 16B in the part 11.

The groove 16B is made coaxially with the through hole 8B (and, accordingly, the cylindrical recess 7B). Thus, the contact of the part 11 with the ball bearing 1 is carried out along the groove 16B. Such a contact allows the movement of the ball bearing 1B relative to the part 11 with a fixed position of its center and with constant contact of the part 11 with the support 1B.

The diameter of the recess 7B allows a spherical washer 3B and a conical washer 4B to be inserted into it with a gap. This gap allows the washers 3B and 4B to be offset within the displacement (movement) of the washer 15B along the groove 16B when the ball joint 1B is moved relative to the part 11.

Under the screw head 5B, an elastic compensator 10B and a conical washer 4B are installed, the concave conical surface of which rests on the convex spherical washer 3B, and a flat surface that faces the compensator 10B. The flat surface of the washer 3B faces the indentation 7B (towards the ball joint 1B), and the conical concave washer 4B is installed on the convex spherical surface of the washer 3B. The 5B screw head, compensator 10B, conical washer 4B, and spherical washer 3B are located in recess 7B. The shaft of the screw 5B passes through the compensator 10B, the conical washer 4B, the spherical washer 3B, through the holes 8B and 9B, and also through the washer 15B.

The elastic compensator 10B provides compression of the entire package of the connecting block in the node In a calibrated force and, as a result, provides constant friction between the movable elements of the described block. As such an elastic compensator 10B, a Belleville spring, a gear lock washer or a Grover washer can be used.

The radius of curvature R _{2B of the} convex spherical washer 3B is chosen so that the center of the convex spherical washer 3B coincides with the center of the ball bearing 1 (including O _B ).

The holes made in the conical 4B and in the spherical 3B washers, as well as the through hole in the part 8B, have diameters exceeding the diameter of the fixing screw 5B (for free passage of the rod). The diameters of the washers 3B and 4B are smaller than the internal diameter of the recess 7B.

In the connecting block for connecting the part 11 on two ball bearings 1A, 1B, a cool groove 16B, designed to install one ball bearing 1B, is made in the part 11 so that the longitudinal axis (long side) of the groove 16B continues through the center of the recess (conical 12A or cylindrical 14A), designed to install another ball joint - 1A (and accordingly passed through the axis of the screw 5A, and, therefore, through the center of contact of the part 11 with the first ball joint 1A) - see the dash-dot line in FIG. 1 and 20.

In the connecting block for connecting the part on two ball bearings 1A, 1B, the position of the part 11 in space will be determined by the position of the two ball bearings 1A and 1B even when their position is changed.

Thus, the connection of the part 11 with the ball joint 1B through the assembly B will allow the ball joint 1B to be moved relative to the part 11 due to the simultaneous shift of the conical washer 4B along the convex surface of the spherical washer 3B and the conical washer 15B along the groove 16B. The direction of the axis of the fixing screw 5B relative to the part 11 varies within the limits determined by the diameters of the holes in the washers 4B, 3B and the diameter of the through hole 8B in the part 11. An illustration of the possible movement of the ball joint 1B together with the screw 5B relative to the part 11 is shown in FIG. 19.

As a result of this, in the connecting block for connecting the part 11 on two ball bearings 1A and 1B (by means of the respective nodes A and B), it will be possible to move the ball bearings 1A and 1B relative to the part 11.

At node B, it is also possible to move the ball joint 1B relative to the part 11 as follows: the ball joint 1B together with the screw 5B and the washers 15B, 3B, 4B moves (moves) along the long side of the closed class groove 16B in the part 11 (i.e., movement in the groove 16B, as shown by the arrows in Fig. 16). The amount of movement is limited by the length of the groove 16B.

In this case, the flat side of the conical washer 15B slides (moves) along the flat horizontal surface of the groove 16B. And the flat side of the spherical washer 3B is on the flat bottom of the recess 7B. The screw 5B is not shifted towards the short side of the groove 16B (across the groove) because the width of the cool groove 16B is very small that the outer class diameter of the conical washer 15B is very small and there is practically no play.

So, with the uniform expansion or contraction of the part 11, for example, due to a change in its temperature, the conical washer 15B in the assembly B, resting on the ball bearing 1B, moves (moves) along the cool groove 16B. At the same time, elastic stresses and strains do not occur in the part 11. The positioning of the part 11 relative to the ball bearings 1A and 1B, defined by the line passing through the middle of the groove 16B of the node B and through the center of the recess 12A or 14A (and, accordingly, through the axis of the screw 5A) of the node A in the part 11, which is parallel to the line passing through the centers of the ball supports 1A and 1B, does not change.

Additionally, such a connecting unit for connecting the part 11 and the two ball joints 1A and 1B does not require exact coincidence of the distances between the centers of the nodes A and B on the part 11 or the distances between the centers of the ball bearings 1A and 1B. The difference in these distances is compensated by the displacements of the support washer 15B of node B along the cool groove 16B.

Connection block for connecting parts on three ball joints.

The connecting unit for connecting the part on three ball bearings contains: part 11 and, accordingly, three ball bearings 1A, 1B and 1C. Part 11 is connected to the ball bearing 1A through the node A, to the ball bearing 1B through the node B, and with the ball bearing 1C through the node C. (Fig. 20)

Ball bearings can in turn be rigidly fixed to the base 100. The base 100 may be the base of the device for controlling the relative orientation of the devices or the support of such a device or the base of the target equipment, etc.

The design of the nodes A and B and their relationship completely coincides with the above nodes for the connecting block of the part and two ball bearings (the only difference is the additional node C).

The node C connecting the part 11 and the corresponding ball bearing 1C is arranged as follows.

The assembly C connecting the part 11 and the ball joint 1C includes: a fastener, an elastic compensator 10C, a conical washer 4C, a convex spherical washer 3C and a conical washer 15C.

The fastener is made in the form of a screw 5C containing a head and a threaded rod.

For this assembly C, in part 11, a complex-shaped through hole 2C of variable diameter is made for accommodating a screw 5C, while this through hole includes a cylindrical section for accommodating the screw shaft (through hole 8C) and a section for accommodating the head of the fixing screw (cylindrical recess 7C ) The through hole 8C has a cylindrical portion for accommodating the shaft of the screw 5C; this cylindrical section in cross section can be made in the form of a circle or an ellipse. The through hole 8C is coaxial to the recess (recess) 7C.

Between the hole 8C and the inside of the shaft of the screw 5C there is a gap 6C, which provides the angular displacement (rotation / movement) of the ball joint 1C together with the screw 5C relative to the part 11. This offset is shown in FIG. 24.

In the ball bearing 1C, a threaded blind radial hole 9C is provided for mounting the fixing screw 5C. Thus, the shaft of the screw 5C is secured by threading to the blind hole 9C of the ball joint 1C.

The complex through hole 2C in the part 11 and the hole 9C in the ball joint 1C are aligned.

The contact of the part 11 with the ball bearing 1C occurs along a flat portion of the surface 17C of the part 11 by means of a conical washer 15C through which the shaft of the screw 5C passes. Those. for installing the ball bearing 1C in the part 11, a flat surface portion 17C is made by means of a conical washer 15C located between the part 11 and the ball bearing 1C. The flat side of the washer 15C faces the flat horizontal surface 17C of the part 11, and the concave (inner) conical side (surface) contacts the spherical surface of the ball joint 1C.

Under the screw head 5C, an elastic compensator 10C and a conical washer 4C are installed, the concave (inner) conical side (surface) of which rests on the convex spherical washer 3C, and the flat side, which faces the compensator 10C. The flat side of the washer 3C faces the indentation 7C (towards the ball joint 1C), and the conical concave washer 4C is installed on the convex spherical side of the washer 3C. The screw head 5C, the compensator 10C, the conical washer 4C and the spherical washer 3C are located in the recess 7C. The shaft of the screw 5 passes through the compensator 10C, the conical washer 4C, the spherical washer 3C, as well as through the holes 8C and 9C and the washer 15C.

The elastic compensator 10C provides compression of the entire package of the connecting block in the node With a calibrated force and, as a result, provides constant friction between the moving elements of the described block. As such an elastic compensator 10C, a disk spring, a gear lock washer or a groove washer can be used.

The radius of curvature R _{2C of the} convex spherical washer 3C is selected so that the center of the convex spherical washer 3C coincides with the center of the ball bearing 1C (incl. O _C ).

The holes made in the conical 4C and in the spherical 3C washers, as well as the through hole 8C in the part 11, have diameters exceeding the diameter of the fixing screw 5C (for free passage of the rod). The diameters of the washers 3C and 4C are smaller than the inner diameter of the recess 7C.

In the connecting block for connecting the part 11 on three ball bearings (1A, 1B, 1C), the centers of all three complex-shaped holes 2A, 2B, 2C do not lie on one straight line. Those. three screws 5A, 5B, 5C installed in the recesses 7A, 7B, 7C of the nodes A, B and C of part 11 are located so that their axes do not lie in the same plane.

With this connection, the position of the part 11 in space will be determined by the position of the three ball bearings 1A, 1B and 1C even when they are moved.

In this node C, it is possible to move the ball joint 1C relative to the part 11. This movement occurs due to the simultaneous shift of the conical washer 4C along the convex surface of the spherical washer 3C and the conical washer 15C along the surface of the ball joint 1C. The direction of the axis of the fixing screw 5C relative to the part 11 varies within the limits determined by the diameters of the holes in the washers 15C, 3C and the diameter of the through hole 8C in the part 11. An illustration of the movement of the ball joint 1C together with the screw 5C relative to the part 11 is shown in FIG. 24.

As a result of this, in the connecting block for connecting the part 11 on the three ball bearings 1A, 1B and 1C (by means of the respective nodes A, B and C), it will be possible to move the ball bearings 1A, 1B and 1C relative to the part 11.

At node C, it is also possible to move the ball joint 1C relative to the part 11 as follows: the ball joint 1 together with the fixing screw 5C and the washers 15C, 3C, 4C and the elastic compensator 10C mounted on the screw can move relative to the part 11 in an arbitrary direction along the flat surface 17C. In this case, the flat surface of the conical washer 15C slides (moves) along the plane of the surface 17C of the part 11, and the flat surface of the spherical washer 3C on the opposite side of the part 11 - along the flat bottom of the recess 7C. The amount of movement is limited by the gap 6C between the shaft of the screw 5C and the hole 8C, as well as the diameters of the cylindrical recess 7C and washers 3C, 4C, respectively.

So, with the uniform expansion or contraction of the part 11, for example, due to a change in its temperature, the conical washers 15B, 15C of the nodes B, C, based on the corresponding ball bearings 1B, 1C, are displaced (moved), respectively, in the cool groove 16B ( in node B) and on a flat surface 17C (node C). At the same time, no elastic stresses and deformations occur in the part 11, but the positioning of the part 11 with respect to the three ball joints 1A, 1B and 1C, defined by the line passing through the groove 16B of the assembly B and through the center of the conical recess 12A (and, accordingly, through the axis of the screw 5A) node A in part 11 does not change.

Additionally, such a connecting unit for connecting parts on three ball bearings 1 does not require exact coincidence of the distances between the centers of the nodes A, B, C on the part 11 and the distances between the centers of the ball bearings 1A, 1B and 1C. The difference in these distances is compensated by the displacements of the nodes B and C: the support washer 15B of the node B along the cool groove 16B and the support washer 15C of the node C on the flat surface 17C of the part 11.

The number of ball bearings on part 11 should not exceed more than three, since it is precisely three points that define a single plane in space.

An example of the implementation of the connecting block on three ball bearings.

A connecting unit for connecting parts on three ball joints containing the above-described nodes A, B, C can be used in the device 18 to control the relative orientation and relative position of the measuring devices (Fig. 25). The device 18 itself is used in spacecraft orientation and navigation systems.

The device 18 has the shape of a triangular pyramid. Moreover, each side face of the pyramid is a part 11 mounted on three corresponding ball bearings 1A, 1B, 1C, by means of nodes A, B, and C, and the base 21 is the base of the pyramid.

There are four ball joints in the device 18: one at the top, three at the base. The size of the ball bearings is chosen so that the faces of the pyramid 11 (including its base) do not touch each other directly. High-precision displacement sensors 22 are installed in the gaps between the faces 11 of the pyramid (which extend along its edges), based on the readings of which the changes in the slopes of the side faces 11 for devices 19-20 relative to its base 21 and relative to each other are calculated.

The lateral faces 11 themselves are interconnected at the top of the formed pyramid by means of a single ball bearing (position 1C in Fig. 25). The corresponding three ball bearings (positions 1, 1A and 1B in Fig. 25) are rigidly fixed to the base 21 of the formed pyramid, for example, by means of bolts / screws / pins, etc. The base 21 itself can be mounted on the target equipment, for example, a spacecraft.

Moreover, the location of nodes A, B and C on each side face 11 of the pyramid relative to other faces 11 does not matter. That is, for example, at the top of the formed pyramid, faces 11 can be connected to the ball bearing (1C) by different nodes (A, B and C) or the same (for example, only nodes A) or partially coinciding (for example, two nodes A and one is C).

Measuring instruments 19, 20 are installed on the three side faces 11 of the device 18, their orientation and position relative to the base of the device (the base of the pyramid) should be monitored (Fig. 26). Measuring instruments 19 and 20 are, for example, a stellar orientation sensor 19 (2 pcs.) And a direction sensor to the Sun 20 (1 pc.).

During operation of the device 18, its side faces 11 with measuring devices 19 and 20 mounted on them, change their position in space due to external thermal and mechanical influences. As a result of these biases, the readings of the measuring instruments 19, 20 cease to be consistent with each other, and the error in their joint operation significantly increases. Getting readings from displacement sensors 22 in the device 18 and due to the possibility of displacement of the faces - parts 11 in the pyramid, it becomes possible to measure the error of the readings of these sensors (devices). And knowing these errors, it becomes possible to obtain reliable and accurate instrument readings.

Thus, the side faces 11 of the pyramid of the device 18 turn out to be free of thermoelastic deformations, while they can rotate at small angles relative to the base of the device 18. At the same time, the positioning of the part (face) relative to the ball bearings is carried out with uniform expansion or compression of the part. Also, the ball bearings can move relative to the part (the edges of the pyramid).

Claims (36)

1. The connecting unit for connecting parts on two ball bearings using two fasteners, characterized in that - fasteners are made in the form of a screw containing a head and a rod; - in each ball bearing a blind radial hole with a thread is made, designed to accommodate the screw shaft; - to connect the first ball bearing in the part, a complex-shaped through hole of variable diameter is made, designed to accommodate the first screw, while this through hole includes a section for mating the part with a ball bearing, a cylindrical section for accommodating the screw shaft and a section for accommodating the head of the fixing screw; the profile of the through hole at the interface between the part and the given ball bearing has either the shape of a truncated cone, expanding towards the ball bearing and in contact with it, or a cylindrical shape, - in this case, in the case of the profile of the through hole at the interface between the part and the given ball bearing in cylindrical shape, a conical washer is placed in the through hole of the part in contact with its inner conical surface with the spherical surface of this ball bearing, and the diameter of this conical washer and the diameter of the through hole on this site are cool; - to connect the second ball joint in the part, a complex-shaped through hole of variable diameter is also provided, designed to accommodate the second screw, while this through hole includes a section for mating the part with this ball bearing, a cylindrical section for accommodating the screw shaft and a section for accommodating the head of the fixing screw; the through hole at the interface between the part and the ball joint is made in the form of a closed groove having a rectangular section in which a conical washer is placed with a gap that allows the washer to be displaced along the length of the groove and in contact with its spherical surface with the spherical surface of the ball joint, and the diameter of the conical the washers and groove width are cool; - a cool groove is made in the part so that the continuation of its longitudinal axis passes through the center of mating of the part with the first ball bearing; - in this case, each complex-profile hole in the part is placed coaxially with the hole in the corresponding ball bearing; - the rod of each fastening screw is placed in the corresponding cylindrical section of the through hole of the part with a gap providing angular displacement of the part relative to the corresponding ball joint, and is fixed by means of a thread in the blind hole of the corresponding ball joint; - an elastic compensator and a conical washer are installed under each screw head, resting on its spherical surface on a spherical surface formed in the area for accommodating the head of the corresponding fixing screw; - each center of the convex corresponding spherical surface coincides with the center of the corresponding spherical support. 2. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that a disk spring or a gear lock washer, or a Grover washer, can be used as an elastic compensator. 3. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical section for accommodating the screw shaft in cross section is made in the form of a circle. 4. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical section for accommodating the screw shaft in cross section is made in the form of an ellipse. 5. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the spherical surface formed in the area for accommodating the head of the fixing screw is the surface of the spherical washer located in the through hole in this section. 6. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the spherical surface formed on the area for accommodating the head of the first mounting screw may be part of the profile of the through hole. 7. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the groove in cross section is made in the form of a rectangle with rounded sides. 8. The connecting unit for connecting parts on three ball bearings using three fasteners, characterized in that - fasteners are made in the form of a screw containing a head and a rod; - in each ball bearing a blind radial hole with a thread is made, designed to accommodate the screw shaft; - to connect the first ball bearing in the part, a complex-shaped through hole of variable diameter is made, designed to accommodate the first screw, while this through hole includes a section for mating the part with a ball bearing, a cylindrical section for accommodating the screw shaft and a section for accommodating the head of the fixing screw; the profile of the through hole at the interface between the part and the given ball bearing has either the shape of a truncated cone, expanding towards the ball bearing and in contact with it, or a cylindrical shape, - in this case, in the case of the profile of the through hole at the interface between the part and the given ball bearing in cylindrical shape, a conical washer is placed in the through hole of the part in contact with its inner conical surface with the spherical surface of this ball bearing, and the diameter of the conical washer and the diameter of the through hole on This site are cool; - to connect the second ball joint in the part, a complex-shaped through hole of variable diameter is also provided, designed to accommodate the second screw, while this through hole includes a section for mating the part with this ball bearing, a cylindrical section for accommodating the screw shaft and a section for accommodating the head of the fixing screw; the through hole at the interface between the part and the ball joint is made in the form of a closed groove having a rectangular section in which a conical washer is placed with a gap that allows the washer to be displaced along the length of the groove and in contact with its spherical surface with the spherical surface of the ball joint, and the diameter of the conical the washers and groove width are cool; - a cool groove is made in the part so that the continuation of its longitudinal axis passes through the center of mating of the part with the first ball bearing; - to connect the third ball joint in the part, a complex-shaped through hole of variable diameter is made, designed to accommodate the third screw, while the through hole includes a cylindrical section for accommodating the screw shaft and a section for accommodating the head of the fixing screw; between the part and the third ball bearing there is a conical washer through which the screw shaft passes and which contacts its inner conical surface with the spherical surface of the ball bearing; - the centers of three complex-profile holes do not lie on one straight line; - in this case, each complex-profile hole in the part is placed coaxially with the hole in the corresponding ball bearing; - the rod of each fastening screw is placed in the corresponding cylindrical section of the through hole of the part with a gap providing angular displacement of the part relative to the corresponding ball joint, and is fixed by means of a thread in the blind hole of the corresponding ball joint; - an elastic compensator and a conical washer are installed under each screw head, resting on its spherical surface on a spherical surface formed in the area for accommodating the head of the corresponding fixing screw; - each center of the convex corresponding spherical surface coincides with the center of the corresponding spherical support. 9. The block according to claim 8, characterized in that a disk spring or a gear lock washer or a Grover washer can be used as an elastic compensator. 10. The block according to claim 8, characterized in that the cylindrical section for accommodating the screw shaft in cross section is made in the form of a circle. 11. The block according to claim 8, characterized in that the cylindrical section for accommodating the screw shaft in cross section is made in the form of an ellipse. 12. The block according to claim 8, characterized in that the spherical surface formed in the area for accommodating the head of the fixing screw is the surface of the spherical washer located in the through hole in this area. 13. The block according to claim 8, characterized in that the spherical surface formed in the area for accommodating the head of the first fixing screw may be part of the profile of the first through hole. 14. The block according to claim 8, characterized in that the groove in cross section can be made in the form of a rectangle with rounded sides.

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