RU2671270C1 - Explosively formed projectile with fire-based pit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ammunition for combat armored vehicles, including robotic armored vehicles. Explosively formed projectile consists of an explosive blasting substance with a spherical recess located at the front end of the charge and lined with sheet metal, the fuse and the device for remote detonation of the charge, located on the opposite second end of the charge, the outer case, the head fairing and the head sensor of the pulse-to-electric pulse transducer for self-detonating the ammunition connected to the fuse by means of an electrical conductor. Tight-fitting metal spherical recess is made of several layers. Inner layer adjacent to the explosive material is made in the form of a thin sheet metal of copper or its alloy. Second layer is made of an alloy of nickel forming boron hydride Ni(BH₄)₂, and of a set of thin sheets. Outer metal layer is made of copper or its alloy, the thickness of which is many times greater than the first inner layer; outer surface of the explosively formed projectile is formed of it.

EFFECT: invention improves the efficiency and reliability of accurate aiming.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition for combating armored vehicles, including robotic armored vehicles, and can be used for the needs of the Ministry of Defense.

A device is known "Warhead type" shock core "of the combat element of precision aiming. Application No. 94010341.23.03.1994 IPC F42B 12/18 (1995.01).

The invention relates to the field of artillery weapons and can be used in combat elements for precise aiming of cluster artillery shells in the warheads of cluster unguided rockets.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency and reliability of the impact of combat elements of precise aiming when defeating armored vehicles.

This goal is achieved by the fact that, in order to increase armor penetration by increasing the speed of the striking element, the first cumulative charge is made like a "shock core" and is designed to form a striking element, the second cumulative charge, which serves to impart extra speed to the striking element, is located in front of the first and separated from it by a liner with a Central hole, and the second charge is triggered by the impact on the means of initiation of this charge formed lesions pad during passage inside the charge. The effectiveness of the proposed BETP warhead is increased by more than 150-200%, primarily due to an increase in the speed of the striking element and an increase in armor penetration in this regard.

The disadvantage is the low incendiary ability when hitting a target.

A device is known “30 MM CARTRIDGE WITH AN ARMOR BURNING - IGNITION APPARATUS". Application: 2014135082/11, 08/28/2014. Patent No. 153222. IPC F42B 1/00 (2006.01).

The utility model, a 30 mm cartridge with an armor-piercing incendiary projectile, relates to ammunition for automatic guns, is made in the form of a sleeve with a projectile containing a composite punch, the solid head of which is made of tungsten carbide or hardened steel, and the tail part is made of high-energy material. The leading girdle and centering thickening are combined into a single whole - the master device. The fairing is mounted on the head of the punch. The location of the elements on the punch ensures the preservation of the correct geometric shape of each element and their stable position relative to the axis of the projectile, both during installation and when moving along the barrel. Manufacturability is ensured by a fairly simple form of elements; during their installation, a stable position of the center of mass of the projectile is ensured due to higher accuracy and correctness of the geometric shape of the base element. The projectile has more energy punching and blocking action compared to the prototype. Accuracy is achieved by mounting the elements on a composite punch using a hot seat. Additional energy at the target, which determines the high breakdown and straddle action of a given projectile, occurs after a projectile hits an obstacle and provides a powerful straddle action, including ignition of heavy fuel of the target being hit. Compared to standard shells, the mass of the shell decreases, the initial velocity can be increased, the recoil momentum can be reduced, and the ratio of the mass of the breakdown element to the mass of the shell can be increased.

The disadvantage is the relatively small thickness of the armor pierced by this ammunition. As well as high performance requirements for weapons to obtain a high velocity projectile.

The technical result is the property of the impact core not only to penetrate the armor and create high pressure of gases, striking elements in the form of fragments of armor and fragments of the impact core inside the armor space, but also the property in the form of an additional striking effect - incendiary with a high combustion temperature.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the metal covering the spherical recess is made of several layers, namely: the inner layer adjacent to the explosive material is in the form of a thin metal, for example, copper or its alloy, the second layer is an alloy in the form of nickel hydride saturated with electrochemical hydrogen method, moreover, this layer is made of a set of thin sheets of tin, and the thickest outer layer of metal is made of copper or its alloy, because it is from it that the outer surface of the impact core is formed. When the charge is undermined, the impact core during its formation heats up in the range from 500 to 600 degrees (the ignition temperature of hydrogen in air is 510 ° С). At this temperature, atomic hydrogen is released from nickel hydride. Atomic hydrogen during an explosion of 0.0005 s does not have time to recombine into a molecule, and its ability to ignite in temperature becomes significantly lower. Therefore, atomic hydrogen is the combustible material that forms a temperature of about 2000 ° C during combustion.

To electrochemically form nickel borohydride containing hydrogen in hydride form, a nano-forming boron additive is used, which, depending on the percentage of boron in the alloy, creates a controllable set of defects in the structure of the alloy, which are traps for hydrogen, thereby ensuring its accumulation in the alloy. In the obtained Ni-B-H electrochemical system, in which, by varying the amount of boron, it is possible to provide a mass percentage of accumulated hydrogen of the order of 9 wt. % This is clearly confirmed by calculations.

Nickel Borohydride Formula - Ni (BH ₄ ) ₂

Molar masses of alloy components:

Ni - 58.694 am.u. (g / mol)

B - 10.821 amu (g / mol)

H - 1.008 amu (g / mol)

The atomic composition of borohydride is: Ni - 1 atom; B - 2 atoms; H - 8 atoms.

Molecular Weight of Nickel Borohydride

Ni (BH ₄ ) ₂ = 58.694 + 21.054 + 8.054 = 88.4 (g / mol).

1 kg (1000 g) of the mass of the alloy contains

1000: 88.4 = 11.312 mol of nickel borohydride

Mass fraction of hydrogen in nickel borohydride

(1.008 × 8): 88.4 × 100% = 9.122%

Mass of hydrogen

1000 × 0.09122 = 91.22 g, which corresponds to the amount of hydrogen

91.22: 2.016 = 45.248 mol.

Under normal conditions, 1 mol of gas is contained in 22.4 liters, so the volume of molecular hydrogen contained in 1 kg of borohydride is

45.248 × 22.4 liters / mol = 1013.5 liters (1.0135 m ³ ), and atomic, respectively, 2 times more - 2027 liters (2.027 m ³ ).

In an anti-tank mine, TM-83, developed in 1983 (http://raigap.livejournal.com/366659.html) and designed to incapacitate an enemy’s wheeled and tracked vehicles by piercing side armor with an impact nucleus, the weight of the attack nucleus is copper is 3000 grams.

Consequently, if copper (approximately 2 kg) is partially replaced by Ni (BH ₄ ) ₂ borohydride, then the atomic hydrogen content in this core will be 4054 liters. The combustion of this volume is enough to completely destroy the entire control system of a robotic armored device. In this case, the hydrogen accumulated in the hydride form in the nickel - boron composite, at a temperature exceeding 200 ° C, regardless of the method of introducing hydrogen into it, begins to actively desorb from it, and during combustion, hydrogen will be completely released from the borohydride.

Currently, armored vehicles are becoming robotic. The absence of a crew reduces the damaging properties of a conventional strike nucleus, because control units in armored vehicles are very easy to additionally armor from fragments of armor and fragments of the impact core. In this case, even if there are numerous holes in the armor formed by shock nuclei, the combat properties of robotic armored vehicles may not be reflected. The presence in the fragments of the shock core of a flammable hydrogen gas with enormous penetrating power of this gas, which creates a burning temperature of about 2000 ° C, allows this hot gas to penetrate control units protected by additional armor and to disable these control units at such a high combustion temperature.

The list of positions.

1. charge

2. explosive blasting substance

3. spherical recess,

4. the end of the charge,

5. second end

6. fuse

7. remote blasting device

8. outer casing

9. head fairing

10. head shock sensor

11. electrical conductor

12. inner layer

13. next layer

14. hydrogen saturated nickel hydride

15. outer layer of metal

The drawing shows a shock core with an incendiary core. Impact core, consisting of a charge (1) of explosive blasting substance (2) with a spherical recess (3) coated with sheet metal, on the side of the front end part (4) of the charge, located on the opposite second end (5): charge fuse (6) (1) and a device for remote blasting (7) of charge (1), the outer casing (8), the head fairing (9), and the head sensor of the shock pulse transducer (10) into an electric pulse for self-detonating the charge (1) associated with the fuse ( 6) using an electrical conductor (11), while covering a spherical In the recess (3), the metal consists of several layers, namely, the inner layer (12) facing the charge (1) in the form of a thin layer of copper or its alloy, and the next layer (13) is an alloy of Ni (BH ₄ ) ₂ obtained by the electrochemical method with hydrogen accumulated in it (14) and consisting of a set of thin sheets of tin, the outer metal layer (15) is made of copper or its alloy and is the thickest relative to other layers, because it is from it that the outer surface of the impact core is formed. When the charge is blown up, the shock core during its formation and collision with armored vehicles heats up to a temperature of 500 to 600 degrees, and the ignition temperature of molecular hydrogen in air is 510 ° С. At this temperature, desorption of Ni (BH ₄ ) ₂ from the metal takes place in the form of atomic hydrogen. Atomic hydrogen during an explosion of 0.0005 s does not have time to recombine and form a molecule, so its ignition occurs at a lower temperature. Hydrogen in atomic form is the combustible material which, when burned, creates a temperature of about 2000 ° C in the reserved space. The saturation of nickel with hydrogen occurs during the deposition of the alloy by an electrochemical method. Preference is given to Ni (BH ₄ ) ₂ because the desorption of hydrogen from this alloy begins at a temperature of 375 ° C, and at a temperature of 510 ° C there is a complete extraction of atomic hydrogen. Spontaneous leakage of hydrogen from the alloy is impossible, since to ensure the desorption of hydrogen from the alloy, it is necessary to ensure a certain temperature regime.

The invention works as follows. Once in the armored vehicles, the impact core breaks through the armor, itself collapses into fragments, and the fragments of the Ni (BH ₄ ) ₂ alloy, which contain hydrogen in hydride form, scatter across the reserved space, hydrogen ignites, creating high temperature, and all combustible materials ignite and control systems of armored vehicles located in the reserved space are disabled.

The technology for the production of nickel-boron electrochemical composites forming Ni (BH ₄ ) ₂ borohydrides includes the use of nickel-plating sulfamate electrolyte and the use of boron compounds of the class of higher polyhedral borates Na ₂ B ₁₀ H ₁₀ . The percentage of boron in the sample was (from 0.1 to 2) wt. % Thin layers of the alloy allow for faster and more complete hydrogen saturation.

A feature of the structure of electrolytic alloys is their large heterogeneity at the macro and micro levels. These inhomogeneities give rise to structural defects, through which the interaction of hydrogen with metal is mainly carried out. Boron is an impurity trap for hydrogen atoms.

Claims (1)

Impact core, consisting of explosive blasting material with a spherical recess located on the front end of the charge and lined with sheet metal, a fuse and a device for remote charge detonation located on the opposite second end of the charge, the outer casing, the fairing and the head sensor of the impulse to electric pulse transducer for self-detonation of ammunition associated with the fuse using an electrical conductor, characterized in that the metal surrounding the spherical recess is made of several layers, an inner layer adjacent to the explosive material in the form of a thin sheet metal of copper or its alloy, a second layer of nickel alloy forming Ni (BH ₄ ) ₂ borohydride, this layer being made of a set of thin sheets, the outer layer of metal copper or its alloy, the thickness is many times greater than the first inner layer, the outer layer forms the outer surface of the shock core.

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