RU2670871C1 - Heat treatment plant for wastewater polluted with biological agents of pathogenicity group i-iv - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to wastewater heat treatment. Heat treatment plant for wastewater polluted with biological agents of pathogenicity group I–IV includes CIP-wash 13, cooling unit 11, common sewerage system 12, connecting pipelines, sensors, valves, automated process control unit, as well as two production lines, each of which includes accumulation tank 1, 6, metering pump-grinder 2, sterilizer 3, 8, pump sterilizer 4, steam generator 5. Plant is configured to be switched to manual process control. Capacities of process lines are interconnected with the ability to transport wastewater between the lines: storage tank 1 of the first process line is interconnected with sterilizer 8 of the second process line, storage tank 6 of the second production line is interconnected with sterilizer 3 of the first production line, storage tanks 1, 6 of both lines, and sterilizers 3, 8 of both lines are interconnected.EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase the reliability of equipment operation, ensure the possibility of transporting wastewater between containers and switching to manual control, as well as increase the service life of the plant.1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of heat treatment of effluents, namely for heat sterilizing treatment of effluents contaminated with biological agents of pathogenicity groups I-IV. The installation can be used to ensure the work of enterprises working with pathogenic biological agents (PBA), such as: veterinary institutions, vivariums; infectious diseases hospitals and departments; microbiological laboratories for product quality control; research centers and industries involved in virology, bacteriology, epidemiology, biotechnology, genetic engineering, vaccine and serum production; laboratories with a hazard level of BSL 2-3-4.

The content of wastewater is determined mainly by the composition of the discharged water at the exit of the washing machines (for processing laboratory or hospital glassware), sanitary inspection rooms and disinfection showers, liquid waste from the vivarium of infected animals, and sewage from toilets of “infectious” zones.

Known METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR THERMAL DISPOSAL OF WASTE AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR TREATMENT OF WASTE WITH A HIGH CONTENT OF WATER according to the patent for invention No. 2353590 (Published: April 27, 2009 Bul. No. 12; Patent holder: BIO ZD APPLICAC F02 FR (11) 7/04). The invention relates to the processing and disposal of waste. The thermal waste management system includes a column for thermal pyrolysis of waste, a combustion chamber for burning thermal pyrolysis gases, a device for thermal cleaning and cracking of gases coming from the combustion chamber, a heat exchanger containing a device for condensing water and a device for concentrating elements contained in the exhaust gas formed in a device for thermal cleaning and cracking, a device for condensing carbon dioxide CO2, a device for cooling hot parts of systems and installation for cogeneration. The invention also relates to the use of the above system, in particular for the treatment of sludge from wastewater treatment plants or livestock waste. EFFECT: disposal of waste with a high water content. A disadvantage of the known installation is the limited scope.

A DEVICE FOR THERMAL DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE is known according to the patent for invention RU No. 2629721 (Patent holder: Chernin Sergey Yakovlevich (RU); IPC F23G 5/027; B01D 53/32; B09B 3/00). The invention relates to a device for the thermal disposal of hazardous waste, as well as sorted organic components of solid household waste, carbon and hydrocarbon-containing waste, including oil sludge, organic synthesis waste, sludge from sewage treatment plants, waste from medical and medical institutions and others combustible, biodegradable waste. The technical result is an increase in the degree of neutralization (mass of the neutralized residue relative to the initial mass of hazardous waste) up to 90-95%, in reducing operating costs, in the possibility of combined loading and processing of solid, liquid and paste-like wastes that are heterogeneous in composition, in increasing the productivity of reactors, in improving energy efficiency. For this, a device for thermal disposal of hazardous waste, which contains a sequentially connected storage hopper, a thermolysis reactor with a loading feeder and a lower unloading device, a container for cooling (extinguishing) the carbon residue of thermolysis of waste, a hopper for temporary storage of carbon residue with a sampling system for express toxicity analysis and installation of a plasma afterburn of carbon residue with a receiving slag bath, as well as a fractionation line with a nozzle scrubber, adsor berry and column apparatus for the separation of a liquid hydrocarbon fraction of thermolysis products and non-condensed synthesis gas used as secondary fuel in a thermolysis reactor, a water treatment system for industrial wastewater, a three-stage purification of flue gases of a thermolysis reactor. The thermolysis reactor contains at least one thermolysis chamber, the gas purification system contains three stages of purification with extraction of heavy metal oxides, and the water purification system includes three stages of physicochemical purification. The disadvantage of the known device is the high level of energy consumption.

Known INSTALLATION FOR DISPOSAL OF MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WASTE according to the patent for utility model RU No. 173484 (Published: 08/29/2017 Bull. No. 25; Patent holder: Joint Stock Company "G.M. Krzhizhanovsky Energy Institute" (RU); IPC F23G 5 / 027; A61L 11/00). The utility model relates to the field of thermal utilization of waste containing organic matter. The technical problem to be solved is the mechanization of the loading process, an increase in the shift capacity of the installation, a decrease in specific fuel consumption and ensuring the environmental safety of the environment and maintenance personnel.

The installation comprises a recycling chamber, including drying and burning zones, equipped with loading and burner devices, a afterburner, a heat exchanger, a gas purification system and a smoke exhauster. The disposal chamber of the installation is equipped with a mechanized loading device, the waste drying zone is located in its upper part, has a rectangular section in plan and is equipped with a rotary tray oriented along the length, equipped with a gas tight bottom, and the horizontal projection of the bottom with minimal tolerances corresponds to the horizontal section of the drying zone, the distance from the axis turning the tray to its bottom is equal to half the width and depth of the chamber, and the drive of the loading device can be turned on only when the position is "Head down" gating tray. The disadvantage of the known installation is the high level of energy consumption.

Known INSTALLATION FOR CLEANING WASTE WATERS AND TECHNOLOGICAL LIQUIDS according to the patent for utility model RU No. 124672; Posted: 02/10/2013 Bull. No. 4; IPC C02F 1/00). The utility model relates to the field of environmental protection and resource conservation, mainly to multistage methods for wastewater treatment, process liquids containing oil products, oils, fats, organic pollutants and suspended solids, can be used for wastewater treatment at engineering enterprises, as well as for regeneration and cleaning, used coolant, cleaning solutions for reuse. The technical result provided by the given set of features is to simplify and cheapen the processes of cleaning and regeneration of emulsions and washing solutions, a high degree of purification of liquids due to coalescence, electroflotation purification and post-treatment of liquids using a composite fluoroplastic sorbent, the ability to purify liquids with various degrees of contamination.

The installation consists of a tank with an inclined bottom, with internal horizontal and vertical partitions and nozzles for supplying the initial liquid and discharge, separated by a sediment outlet and a collection chamber for oil products, the installation contains three parts connected in series with each other, each of which is designed with the necessary built-in or removable devices. In the first part, liquid coalescence is carried out. In the second part, thin-layer separation (coalescence) of liquid is carried out on a removable module from inclined thin-layer polymer plates, electroflotation cleaning using non-consumable electrodes, magnetic cleaning of metal particles is also carried out, and the separated pollutants are continuously removed from the liquid through an overflow baffle to the oil sump. In the third compartment, liquid post-treatment in composite carbon-fluoroplastic sorbents takes place, clean liquid is discharged through a communicating vessel, which is the final end of the installation. A disadvantage of the known installation is the limited scope.

Known DISINFECTION SYSTEM OF MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL HAZARDOUS AND POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS WASTE USING MICROWAVE RADIATION according to patent for invention RU No. 2480242 (Published: 04/27/2013 Bulletin No. 12; Patent title: Copyright: 2 12; A61L 11/00). The invention relates to the disinfection of medical and biological waste. The system for disinfecting medical and biological wastes contains a microwave chamber including a working chamber and magnetrons installed outside the working chamber, a sealed container with a lid placed inside the working chamber to accommodate water-wetted waste, and the lid of the sealed container has an opening equipped with a fitting with a hose for steam removal . Outside the working chamber, a means of cooling the steam leaving the container and a temperature measuring sensor of the leaving steam connected to the microprocessor control board are installed. A hole was made in the container for installing a thermocouple to measure the temperature of the disinfected waste, immersed to the bottom of the container in the disinfected waste and connected to the microprocessor control board. In this case, the magnetron power is controlled by one of the measured parameters, namely the temperature of the steam leaving the container or the temperature of the disinfected waste, which first reached the value set by the operator. The invention improves the safety and accuracy of regulation of the process of disinfection of waste, and also eliminates the possibility of fire disinfected waste. The disadvantage of the known installation is the high level of energy consumption.

The closest technical solution The wastewater treatment plant, regulated by SP 1.3.3118-13 ON APPROVAL OF SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RULES OF SP 1.3.3118-13 "SAFETY OF WORK WITH MICRO-ORGANISMS OF I-II PATHOGENICITY (HAZARDS) GROUPS". A wastewater treatment plant is a complex of equipment that provides for the collection, neutralization, cooling and discharge of wastewater into external sewage networks.

The basic requirements for the need for a special sewage system, collection and treatment of effluents of the premises of the "infectious" zone are normalized by sections 2.3, 2.4 of the Rules. To fulfill the requirements specified in the regulatory documentation, the special sewage and wastewater treatment systems must ensure: compliance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation, as well as fire safety standards and rules; thermal (continuous or cyclical) treatment of wastewater from the premises of the "infectious" zone; non-pressure discharge of treated wastewater into the sewer with a temperature not exceeding 40 ° C; biological safety during transportation of transported media from the premises of the "infectious" zone to the premises of the "clean" zone.

Wastewater from technological equipment and premises of “infectious” zones is discharged through independent pipeline networks depending on their pressure (gravity and pressure) and the level of contamination. Discharge of pressure wastewater from technological equipment and communications is carried out in separate prefabricated capacitive devices, their discharge into devices for gravity wastewater is not allowed.

High-temperature process effluents before entering the prefabricated capacitive apparatuses must be cooled to a temperature not exceeding 80 ° C and introduced into the apparatuses under a liquid mirror.

The special sewage network device should eliminate the clogging of the system and provide the ability to clean the access hatches. The gravity drainage network is cleaned through revisions or water seals of the sink receivers (with the removal of glasses creating a siphon). When performing these and other repair work, personnel should be in protective clothing, the type of which is determined in accordance with the requirements of biological safety. In case of repair, the internal sewer network is subjected to appropriate disinfecting treatment.

Final disinfection of the gravity sewer network is carried out by filling it with a disinfectant solution. Networks are filled in by the floor, starting from the first floor with air removal and installation of plugs at each sink receiver.

Special sewage networks should be tight, closed, connected to the air of the premises of the “infectious” zone with a line equipped with one stage of air purification filters. The frequency of checking these filters is before each work cycle and at least 1 time in 6 months. Neutralization of air purification filters installed on the air lines of devices and on the air line of the special sewage network is carried out by chemical or thermal methods.

Wastewater heat treatment is carried out in systems operating on a cyclic or continuous principle (respectively in tanks - STOS or in continuous wastewater treatment plants - ULOS).

The collection of wastewater during cyclic treatment is carried out in separate, specially designed for this purpose, capacitive apparatuses. Combining in one wastewater collection tank and the heat treatment process at the same time is not allowed.

Prefabricated tanks for receiving effluents, heaters and holders for heat treatment, as well as pumps for pumping effluents should be located in the "infectious" zone.

A system for monitoring parameters and controlling the technological process of wastewater treatment should provide:

- remote automatic control of equipment;

- light and sound alarms, registration and automatic maintenance at a given level of the main technological parameters of the process (steam pressure supplied to the sewage treatment plant, flow rate of the effluent before the heater, sterilization temperature and pressure after the incubator with the continuous processing method, temperature and exposure of the treatment in case of cyclic method, the level of wastewater in containers for collecting waste water).

The control and management scheme should provide for the presence of protective automatic blocking, which excludes the release of untreated wastewater in case of violation of the sterilization regime, and their return to reprocessing. Information on changes in technological parameters, equipment operation and violation of technological modes of wastewater treatment should be displayed on mimic diagrams. The disadvantage of the wastewater treatment plant is the insufficient level of reliability of the equipment.

The objective of the invention is to increase the reliability of the equipment due to the introduction of a second production line, the possibility of moving wastewater between containers and, if necessary, switching to manual control. It also provides increased plant life.

The problem is solved as follows. The installation of heat treatment of effluents contaminated with biological agents of the I-IV pathogenicity group, including a storage tank, a sterilizer, a sterilizer pump, a steam generator, a cooling unit, a general sewer, connecting pipelines, sensors and valves, as well as an automated process control unit, according to the invention, is made with the ability to switch to manual process control, additionally includes a CIF sink and contains two production lines, each of which includes a drive the capacity, the metering pump-grinder, the sterilizer, the sterilizer pump, the steam generator, the capacities of the technological lines are interconnected with the possibility of moving drains between the lines, the storage capacity of the first technological line is interconnected with the sterilizer of the second technological line, the storage capacity of the second technological line is interconnected with the sterilizer of the first technological lines, storage capacities of both lines, as well as sterilizers of both lines are interconnected.

The system of pipelines, pumps and valves provides the ability to move wastewater between the lines: from one storage tank to another; from a selected storage tank to a selected sterilizer; from a selected sterilizer to a selected storage tank; from one sterilizer to another.

The design, composition and operation of the installation comply with the requirements of the following regulatory documents: SP 1.3.3118-13 “Safety of work with microorganisms of I-II pathogenicity (danger) groups”; SP 1.3.2322-08 “Safety of work with microorganisms of the III-IV pathogenicity (danger) groups and pathogens of parasitic diseases”; TP TS 032/2013 "On the safety of equipment operating under excessive pressure"; as well as most sections and clauses of GOST 31598-2012 “Large steam sterilizers. General technical requirements and test methods".

The execution of the installation for heat treatment of effluents completely eliminates any contact of infected effluents with the premises and personnel, and excludes the possibility of draining untreated effluents into the sewer.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

in FIG. 1 schematically shows the installation of heat treatment of effluents contaminated with biological agents of the I-IV pathogenicity group (normal mode);

in FIG. 2 shows the pipelines involved in normal operation;

in FIG. Figure 3 shows the pipelines used when draining wastewater from the storage tank (HE1) of one line to the sterilizer (C2) of the other line;

in FIG. 4 shows the pipelines used when draining wastewater from the sterilizer (C1) of one line to the storage tank (HE2) of the other line;

in FIG. 5 shows the pipelines used when draining wastewater from a storage tank (HE1) of one line to a storage tank (HE2) of another line;

in FIG. Figure 6 shows the pipelines used when draining effluents from the sterilizer (C1) of one line to the sterilizer (C2) of the other lines.

The following notation is used in the figures:

1. Storage capacity of HE-1;

2. The dosing pump grinder NI-1;

3. The sterilizer C-1;

4. The pump of the sterilizer H-1;

5. Steam generator PG-1;

6. Storage capacity of HE-2;

7. The dosing pump grinder NI-2;

8. The sterilizer C-2;

9. The pump of the sterilizer H-2;

10. Steam generator PG-2;

11. The cooling unit;

12. General sewage;

13. CIP wash.

The installation consists of two parallel lines that can operate and be controlled independently of each other or together. Each line has a storage tank for drains 1 and 6 (HE-1 and HE-2), a metering pump-grinder 2 and 7 (NI-1 and NI-2), a sterilizer 3 and 8 (S-1 and S-2) with a steam generator 5 and 10 (PG-1 and PG-2), a sterilizer pump 4 and 9 (N-1 and N-2), a system of sensors and automatic valves; the installation also includes a CIP-sink 13, and connecting pipes not shown in the figure and an automated process control unit (hereinafter referred to as self-propelled guns).

CIP (Cleaning In Place) CIP-sink is a station consisting of containers, of various applications and types, designed for washing the product, washing and disinfecting, non-separable, hard-to-reach places, such as pipes and closed containers, which cannot be washed manually their design features.

In normal mode, the lines work, periodically changing each other.

For both lines of the installation, the following is used: the wastewater cooling unit 11 (includes a chiller, antifreeze pump, sterilized wastewater pump, external cooling unit), CIP-sink 13, self-propelled guns.

The installation is located below the places of formation of effluents to ensure their gravity flow. If necessary, drains can be supplied under pressure.

Installation works as follows.

In the basic version, contaminated effluent flows by gravity from the places of its formation located above to the storage capacity of the line operating in this cycle. Drains from the metering pump-grinder are metered into the sterilizer. The organic residues contained in the effluent are disintegrated in the metering pump-grinder. In the sterilizer, the drains go through the heating stage, then they are kept in it at the sterilization temperature and pressure (135 ° C, 3.5 atm) for the specified sterilization time (90 min.), After sterilization, the sterilizer pump circulates the drains between the sterilizer and the cooling unit, sterile effluents are cooled to a temperature of no more than 35 ° C and are sent to the general sewer.

The storage capacity of each line is calculated on the daily volume of effluents, equipped with control filling sensors.

The sterilization cycle includes filling the sterilizer, heating the liquid by direct injection of steam to the sterilization temperature, holding at the sterilization temperature, cooling and draining the sterilized effluents.

After heat treatment, sterile effluents circulate through an internal-type heat exchanger of the cooling unit, the heat transfer agent of which (water with glycol) transfers heat to the atmosphere in the outdoor heat exchanger.

The tanks and the drain line are equipped with sterilizable samplers for objective monitoring of sterilization completeness.

For periodic maintenance or troubleshooting, access to the internal surfaces of the equipment is provided. Before this, a controlled discharge is carried out, then a chemical washing and sterilization of the equipment being serviced using the CIP sink, which is part of the waste heat treatment plant.

The process of accumulation of effluents, filling the sterilizer, sterilization, cooling and draining takes place automatically, according to a given program. ACS monitors the operational status of all installation elements, documents the process, stops it in case of emergency. If necessary, a transition to manual process control is possible. The progress of the wastewater treatment is visualized in the form of diagrams and graphs on the control panel monitor.

To increase reliability, the installation consists of two parallel lines that can be controlled and operated independently of each other or together. Each line has a tank for accumulating wastewater, a metering pump-chopper, a sterilizer with a steam generator, a sterilizer pump, a system of sensors, pumps and automatic valves. In normal mode, the lines work, periodically changing each other.

On the pipeline between the storage tank and the sterilizer is a metering pump-grinder (on each line).

The beginning and end of the supply of effluents to the sterilizer is controlled programmatically and depends on:

- the presence of a sufficient amount of effluents in the storage tank,

- the end of the previous sterilization cycle and the release of the sterilizer from the previous batch of effluents.

The supply stops if the sterilizer is full or if no drains are left in the storage tank.

Unit productivity - 4 m3 / day (with one line).

According to the adopted technical solution, the installation lines automatically work alternately, each for one day, each can provide a capacity of 4 m3 / day (a mode of line change in each cycle is possible.

Thus, software both lines work together and are constantly maintained in working condition.

It is possible to put into operation the work program of one line without changing it to another (for example, turn off another line), i.e. lines can be independent of each other.

All metal parts of the installation are made of stainless steel. All surfaces that are heated during operation above 35 ° C are protected against accidental contact.

For each serviced object, the installation is designed individually.

The layout and spatial solution of the installation may vary in accordance with the particular application in each individual case.

The performance of each installation line is calculated on the sterilizing treatment for 24 hours of the maximum daily volume of effluents of the serviced object.

Structurally, the possibility of moving wastewater between the installation lines is provided:

- from one storage tank to another;

- from the selected storage tank to the selected sterilizer;

- from the selected sterilizer to the selected storage tank;

- from one sterilizer to another.

By switching valves and pumps accordingly, it is possible to pump effluents from any tank to any other.

Transfer may be required for regular or extraordinary maintenance of individual pieces of equipment, without stopping the operation of the installation as a whole, i.e. to improve performance and reliability.

In FIG. 2 shows the pipelines involved in normal operation.

The installation in normal mode occurs automatically.

On one line, the storage capacity receives drains.

Then they enter the sterilizer, undergoes the sterilization process, then cooling and draining.

Again, the sterilizing container is filled, sterilized, cooled, drained, and so on.

One of the lines works during the day in this mode, then the program switches to another line the next day.

When a program crashes or upon an operator command, program execution is stopped.

For example, when the time comes for scheduled maintenance on any equipment, and one of the lines is not used for several days, the operator enters into use a program for using only one line.

Also, if it is necessary to move the drains from the tanks of one line to the tanks of another, the operator stops the automatic process and manually gives instructions on the panel to open, close the valves and operate the pumps.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the pipelines used to move drains from the storage tank (HE1) of one line to the sterilizer (C2) of the other line.

In FIG. Figure 4 shows the pipelines used when draining the effluent from the sterilizer (C1) of one line into the storage tank (HE2) of the other line.

In FIG. Figure 5 shows the pipelines used to move drains from a storage tank (HE1) of one line to a storage tank (HE2) of another line.

In FIG. Figure 6 shows the pipelines used when draining effluents from the sterilizer (C1) of one line to the sterilizer (C2) of the other lines.

The basic installation of heat treatment of wastewater is designed for decontamination of 4 m of biohazardous wastewater per day. The overall dimensions of the installation are not more than 4000 × 8000 × 5000 mm (W × D × H), the weight of the dry installation is not more than 8 tons, the power consumption is not more than 200 kW.

Claims (1)

The installation of heat treatment of effluents contaminated with biological agents of the I-IV pathogenicity group, including a storage tank, a sterilizer, a sterilizer pump, a steam generator, a cooling unit, a general sewer, connecting pipelines, sensors and valves, as well as an automated process control unit, characterized in that made with the ability to switch to manual process control, additionally includes a CIP-sink and contains two production lines, each of which includes accumulation the capacity, the metering pump-grinder, the sterilizer, the sterilizer pump, the steam generator, the capacities of the technological lines are interconnected to move the wastewater between the lines: the storage capacity of the first production line is interconnected with the sterilizer of the second technological line, the storage capacity of the second technological line is interconnected with the sterilizer of the first technological lines, storage capacities of both lines, as well as sterilizers of both lines are interconnected.