RU2665072C1 - Method of reservoir water area localization of pollutants entering reservoir from tributaries and drains - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: environmental protection.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of environmental protection and is intended for the restoration of ponds, lakes and reservoirs, as well as reducing the level of pollution and siltation of their main volume by depositing and localizing pollutants (suspended particles, anthropogenic debris, plant debris) in a limited area of the reservoir, falling into the reservoir from tributaries and with sewage from sewage and storm collectors, including permanent and emergency discharges of contaminants. Invention can also be used to stop the degradation of the basin, if this reservoir has lost the ability to support the self-cleaning process. Way of localization in the water area of the reservoir of pollutants entering the reservoir from tributaries and drains includes the erection of water-blocking water flow of hydraulic structures with a regulated culvert regime. Disinfecting hydraulic engineering structures are carried out in the form of a bulk dam closed on the shore of the reservoir, placing it in the water area of the reservoir opposite the mouth of the tributary or drain, covering the whole width of the estuary. Inside the fenced enclosing dam the parts of the reservoir deepen the bottom, extracting, at least, base sediments and transporting them to the shore of the reservoir. In the enclosing dam and / or the fenced part of the reservoir, drainage hydraulic structures are built.EFFECT: technical result of the proposed method is expressed in a significant decrease in the intake of suspended particles, pollutants, anthropogenic debris and plant residues in the main water area of the reservoir and their localization in confined fenced areas of ponds (ponds, lakes and reservoirs), that makes it possible to reduce the material and energy costs of cleaning water from pollution, and also significantly improve the ecological and sanitary condition of the reservoir and reduce the rate of its degradation, and in some cases restore its ability to self-purification, especially for overgrown and overgrown lakes.10 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection and is intended for the restoration of ponds, lakes and reservoirs, as well as to reduce the level of pollution and siltation of their bulk by sedimentation and localization in a limited area of the reservoir of pollutants (suspended particles, anthropogenic debris, plant debris) falling into reservoir from tributaries and with drains from sewer and storm sewers, including permanent and emergency discharge of pollutants. The invention can also be used to stop the degradation of the basin of the reservoir, if this reservoir has lost the ability to support the self-cleaning process.

There is a method of cleaning a river bed, including the construction in the river bed of blocking hydraulic structures with adjustable culverts, the accumulation of water in ponds or reservoirs above the locations of structures and the formation of water waves in the channel below the locations of structures by opening culverts in the structures. The opening of culverts is carried out sequentially and with priority, starting from the structure located in the lower reaches of the river, and ending with the construction located in the upper river, and with a small filling of ponds or reservoirs with reverse order, starting from the construction located in the upper river and ending with the construction located downstream. The river is cleaned by washing off silt and bottom sediments. (RU 2086729 C1, IPC Е02В 3/02, 08/10/1997).

The disadvantages of this method include, first of all, that washed away bottom sediments (sludge) are transferred from the upper river to the lower river, and then to the reservoir in which washed bottom sediments accumulate. This leads to a significant increase in the layer of bottom sediments and the level of pollution of the reservoir near the mouth of the river. This method does not provide for the removal of anthropogenic debris and plant debris, which also leads to an increase in the negative environmental load on the water body. In addition, the creation of a large number of blocking hydraulic structures along the riverbed requires significant investment of material and financial resources.

Closest to the technical nature of the present invention is a method of activating self-cleaning processes of water of small rivers from suspended mineral particles and pollutants by arranging ponds or reservoirs of bio-settlers in the upper and middle parts of the flow of small rivers. For this purpose, dams are erected from local building materials with a height of 3-7 meters, which are partially or completely filtered and organize a spillway with a high threshold in them, which ensures continuous drainage of the upper layers of clarified and purified water from ponds or reservoirs of bio-settlers. At the same time, the remains of aquatic vegetation accumulated in ponds in bio-settlers and reservoirs are removed. (Smetanin V.I. Restoration and purification of water bodies. - M .: Kolos, 2003. - P. 88-95).

The disadvantages of the method include the need to create a large number of expensive hydraulic structures (dams) along the entire river bed. With a significant number of tributaries of water bodies, the arrangement of treatment facilities at each of them is not economically feasible, and often difficult because of the inaccessibility of the channels of the tributaries, for example, when flowing through swampy lowlands.

The technical result of the proposed method is expressed in a significant reduction in the intake of suspended particles, pollutants, anthropogenic debris and plant debris in the main water body of the reservoir and their localization in limited fenced areas of water bodies (ponds, lakes and reservoirs), which allows to reduce material and energy costs for cleaning water bodies from pollution, as well as significantly improve the ecological and sanitary condition of the reservoir and reduce the rate of its degradation, and in some cases restore It has its ability to cleanse itself, especially for overgrown and overgrown lakes.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of localization in the water area of the reservoir of contaminants entering the reservoir from tributaries and drains, including the construction of hydraulic structures blocking the water stream with an adjustable culvert mode, in contrast to the known hydraulic structures blocking them in the form of a bulk enclosed on the shore of the reservoir enclosing dam, placing it in the water area of the reservoir opposite the mouth of the tributary or runoff, covering the entire width of the mouth, and inside the enclosed enclosing dams th bottom part of the reservoir deepen, extracting at least sediments and transporting them to the shore of the reservoir, wherein a partition dam and / or fenced building water taking part of the reservoir waterworks; to fill the enclosing dam, soil is used that is taken out when the bottom of the fenced part of the reservoir is deepened; the crest of the enclosing dam is poured not lower than the level of the reservoir during the flood; the crest of the enclosing dam is poured below the minimum level of the reservoir, but above the level of bottom sediments adjacent to the enclosing dam in the unfenced part of the water body of the reservoir; when deepening the bottom of the body of the pond enclosed by a dam, at least one trench is formed, and / or at least one soil parapet, and / or at least one concrete protrusion is created, the axial line of which is perpendicular to the direction of flow of water flowing out from the mouth of a drain or tributary; drainage hydraulic structures are performed in the form of at least one channel in the enclosing dam, and / or at least one drainage well installed on the enclosed part of the reservoir, with a water outlet outside the enclosing dam, and / or at least one channel in the enclosing dam, equipped with at least one dam with an adjustable drain; the boundary dam is made of materials that provide water filtration through it; natural zeolites and / or permutites are added to the materials used to fill the filtering dam wall; pollution accumulated in the fenced part of the reservoir (bottom sediments, anthropogenic waste, plant debris) is periodically removed and stored and / or processed and / or disposed of on the shore of the reservoir; removal of bottom sediments, and / or deepening of the bottom and / or erection of drainage hydraulic structures in the fenced part of the reservoir is carried out after blocking the flow of water into it and pumping it out of the fenced part of the reservoir.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

Fig 1. The initial state of the bottom of the reservoir near the mouth of the river;

FIG. 2. The initial state of the bottom of the reservoir at the outlet of the collector pipe for storm and sewage;

FIG. 3. The shape of the bottom of the fenced part of the reservoir with a protecting dam, the crest of which is above the water level;

FIG. 4. The bottom shape of the fenced part of the reservoir with the enclosing dam, the crest of which is below the minimum water level, but above the level of bottom sediments;

FIG. 5. The plan view of the enclosing dam with drainage channels and the deepening of the bottom inside it;

FIG. 6. Plan view of the enclosing dam at the mouth of the tributary with trenches, parapets and concrete ledges;

FIG. 7. Section BB in FIG. 6 bottom profile of the fenced part of the reservoir with trenches, parapets and concrete ledges;

FIG. 8. The plan view of the enclosing dam and drainage structures in the form of wells;

FIG. 9. Section BB in FIG. 8 drainage system in the form of wells with spillway pipes;

FIG. 10. Section AA in FIG. 5 drainage channel in the enclosing dam;

FIG. 11. The plan view of the enclosing dam and drainage channels from the channels of tributaries and drains with technological blocking dams;

FIG. 12. Cross-section GG in FIG. 11 from the drainage channel with a concrete gutter.

In accordance with the proposed method, in the mouth 1 (Fig. 1) of the tributaries 2 of reservoirs 3 (ponds, lakes and reservoirs), as well as in places of drains 4 coming from collectors 5 (Fig. 2), including storm and sewage, a closed enclosing wall is poured dam 6 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10, Fig. 11), covering the mouth 1 of the influx 2 or drain 4. Enclosing the dam 6 (Fig. 5) is formed starting from the shore 7 on one side of the mouth 1 of the tributary 2 or reservoir 3 on both sides of the mouth 1 of the tributary 2, as well as the drain 4 of the collector 5 (Fig. 3). For the entrance of construction equipment to the beginning of the enclosing dam 6, roads are equipped. Fence dam 6 is sprinkled with soil or inert building materials (sand, gravel, gravel, rubble) wide enough to move freight vehicles and construction equipment along it. Depending on the degree of contamination of the water entering the reservoir 3 from tributaries 2 and drains 4, as well as the depth of the bottom 8 of the reservoir 3 in the area of the mouth 1, the two types of enclosing dam 6 are filled in height. If it is necessary to exclude the direct ingress of pollutants from the tributaries 2 and drains 4 into the main body of the reservoir, the dam 6 (Fig. 3, Fig. 7) is sprinkled with a height not lower than the maximum water level (max HC) in the reservoir during the flood period. The crest 9 of the enclosing dam 6 is poured below the minimum level (min HC) (Fig. 4) of the reservoir 3, but above the level of bottom sediments 10 adjacent to the dam 6 in the unenclosed part of the reservoir 3 when the depth of the reservoir 3 in the vicinity of the mouth 1 of the influx 2 is small , there is a significant level of bottom sediments 10 and a significant part of the reservoir 3 behind the enclosing dam 6 is overgrown with aquatic plants 11 (reeds, cattail, etc.). To exclude the destruction of the ridge 9 of the enclosing dam 6 during the ice drift and the spring flood, it is strengthened not lower than the minimum level (min HC) of water in the reservoir using traditional engineering measures, for example, by filling the upper part of the enclosing dam 6 with rubble and / or boulders and / or concrete blocks 12 with sprinkling of sand and gravel (Fig. 10). In addition, it is possible to strengthen the upper part of the enclosing dam 6 with concrete or metal piles with pouring them with concrete or filling them with rubble and concrete blocks 12.

Before dumping the enclosing dam 6, or during the dumping process or before dumping from the area of the enclosed section of the reservoir 3, or at least from the bottom area under the enclosing dam 6, bottom sediments 10 to the main rocks of the bottom 8 of the reservoir 3 are removed. Cleaning the bottom of the 8 enclosed section of the reservoir 3 from the bottom sediments 10 is carried out, for example, using dredgers or other equipment used to deepen the bottom of water bodies (rivers, ponds, lakes, reservoirs). The bottom sediments 10 extracted from the bottom of the reservoir 8 are loaded onto barges or into receiving bins of dredgers and transported to storage or disposal sites. In addition, bottom sediments 10 removed from the bottom 8 of the reservoir 3 can be transported to storage or disposal sites via slurry pipelines. After removing bottom sediments 10 from the fenced part of the reservoir 3, if necessary, the bottom 8 is deepened to the required depth. The area, shape and depth of the enclosed part of the reservoir 3 should provide conditions for the deposition of suspended particles of a given size (usually more than 10-20 micrometers) entering the reservoir 3 from tributaries 2 and drains 4.

The filling of the enclosing dam 6 can be carried out using materials, technologies and designs that ensure its filtering properties, that is, a partially or completely filtering dam 6 is constructed (Fig. 3, Fig. 7). In the construction of filtering dams 6, special materials can be used, natural or artificial adsorbents that interact with substances containing in water, for example, natural zeolites or permutites (artificial microporous aluminosilicate structures).

After the dam 6 is erected or during its filling, the bottom 8 of the enclosed part of the reservoir 3 is deepened. The soil produced when the bottom 8 is deepened, depending on its physicomechanical properties, can be used to fill the enclosing dam 6, and if the technical characteristics do not allow the use of recoverable soil in the dumping of the enclosing dam 6 it is transported to the storage location. When deepening the bottom 8 of the enclosed part of the reservoir 3 after completion of the filling of the enclosing dam 6, two basic technologies can be used.

In the first case, the deepening of the bottom 8 is carried out without removing water from the fenced part of the reservoir 3, using dredgers or other equipment used to deepen the bottom of water bodies.

In the second case, use the "dry" method. Therefore, the method of the water of tributary 2 or runoff 4 is diverted to a reservoir 3 outside the boundary dam 6. For river tributaries 2 above their mouth 1, a blocking dam 13 is placed at the most convenient place for the channel (Fig. 11), after connecting the channel of the tributary above dam 13 with a pond 3 using temporary or permanent drainage channels 14. The drainage channels 14 can be made using earthmoving equipment in the form of trenches 15 (Fig. 12), the required section to ensure the discharge of the entire volume of water coming from the channel of the tributary 2. Dependent spans from the surface profile in the laying area of the drainage channel 14 (Fig. 11), the drainage channel 14, all or part of it, can be made of sectional collapsible or permanent reinforced concrete gutters 16 (troughs) (Fig. 12). After the water supply to the fenced part of the reservoir 3 is stopped, water is pumped out of it through the enclosing dam 6 into the reservoir 3, and earthmoving equipment is delivered to the drained bottom 8 using bulk or removable ramps. Recoverable soil in this case is taken out of the fenced part of the reservoir 3 by road. After completion of the deepening and formation of the bottom 8 of the fenced part of the reservoir 3 according to the "dry" method, the dam 13 is blocked off and the dam 13 is torn off at the source of the drainage channel 14 and a dam 17 is constructed (Fig. 11). Removing bottom sediments 10 and deepening the bottom 8 from the fenced dam 6 of the reservoir 3 by the “dry” method can also be performed in the winter months, having previously pumped water from the fenced part of the reservoir 3. Deepening the bottom of the fenced portion of the reservoir 3 is carried out after freezing of the soil and bottom sediments 10 to a depth sufficient for the movement of earthmoving equipment and vehicles.

If the bottom 8 deepens in a “dry” way in the enclosed part of the reservoir 3, where drains 4 from the collector 5 enter, then drainage of the outlet 4 outside the enclosed part of the reservoir 3 is carried out using a drainage collector connected to the collector 5. or drainage channels 14 are arranged (trenches 15) or form a channel from sectional collapsible troughs 16. At the same time, the outlet pipe of the initial collector 5 is closed, and the water is discharged through the drainage collector outside the fenced part of the reservoir 3. Removing soil from the fenced hour These pond 3 after pumping out water is performed by any of the methods described above.

At the bottom 8 of the enclosed and deepened part of the reservoir 3 (Fig. 4, Fig. 10) a special at least one hydraulic engineering object is formed that intensifies the processes of sedimentation of pollutants coming into the water from drains 4 or tributaries 2. For example, they can precipitate suspended particles barriers blocking the direction of water flow are used (Fig. 9). Barriers can be made in the form of soil parapet 18 (Fig. 9, Fig. 10) or concrete protrusions 19 (Fig. 10), for example, T-shaped. In this case, the axial line of the blocking parapet 18 or concrete protrusion 19 should be perpendicular along the entire length to the direction of the water velocity vector in this section of the barrier. A blocking parapet 18 or a concrete protrusion 19 can cover the entire mouth 1 of the tributary 2 from coast to coast or run on the site with the highest flow rates.

Other hydraulic facilities that are carried out at the bottom of the fenced part of the reservoir 3 include transverse trenches 20 (Fig. 9). The axial line of the transverse trenches 20 should also be perpendicular to the direction of flow of the water 4 or tributary 2. The bottom and walls of the transverse trenches 20 can be reinforced with concrete or reinforced concrete structures.

Depending on the characteristics of the water flows of the tributary 2 or runoff 4 at the bottom 8 of the enclosed part of the reservoir 3, all types of hydraulic engineering objects (parapet 18, concrete ledges 19, trenches 20) and each of them individually or in any combination can be used. The sequence of arrangement of trenches 20, concrete ledges 19 and parapet 18, as well as their shape is determined based on the hydrodynamics of the flows, the amount and type of pollutants contained in the water of the tributaries 2 and drains 4.

During the filling of the enclosing dam 6, and / or the deepening of the bottom 8 of the enclosed part of the reservoir 3 and / or after the completion of the filling of the enclosing dam 6, hydraulic structures are constructed to discharge the inflowing water from the enclosed part of the reservoir 3. Such drainage hydraulic structures include, for example, channels or a shaft-type dam in the enclosing dam 6. If the mouth 1 of the full-flowing river tributaries 2 is enclosed, then water is diverted from the enclosed part of the reservoir 3 using at least one drainage channel 21. (Fig. 5, ig. 6), made in the enclosing dam 6. The bottom of the drainage channel 21 should not be higher than the minimum water level (min HC) in the reservoir 3. The walls and the bottom of the drainage channel 21 may consist of soil, dumping material of the enclosing dam 6 or be concrete, when this section of the channel 21 should provide unhindered water drainage during the spring flood. The drainage channels 21, made in the enclosing dam 6, can be equipped with dams 22 (Fig. 8), for example, dams with an upper water pass and an adjustable cross-section of culverts or shaft type dams, equipping a shaft outlet with a flat gate in the dam. The axis of the drainage channels 21 in the enclosing dam 6 should be as perpendicular as possible to the main flow of the tributary 2.

If the mouth of the shallow tributaries 2 is enclosed, or the sewage zone 4 of storm or sewer collectors 5 is enclosed, then drainage wells 23 can be used as drainage hydraulic structures (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) In this case, install on the bottom 8 of the enclosed part of the reservoir 3, at least one drainage well 23 connected to spillways 24. As such drainage wells 23, for example, wells may be used, the construction of which is described in the book: Smetanin V.I. Restoration and purification of water bodies. - M .: Kolos, 2003, S. 129-131. Such wells, as a rule, have a square section and contain rack-piles having grooves for laying sandor, which in plan are positioned at the corners of the square. The walls of the drainage well, formed by the sandor, serve as weirs, through which the clarified water from the fenced part of the reservoir 3 is poured into the drainage well 23. In the lower part, the drainage well 23 is connected to a drain pipe 24.

The spillway pipes 24 of the drainage well 23 are made of thick-walled steel pipes, since they are subjected to heavy loads during the filling of the enclosing dam 6.

Drainage wells 23 are placed on the fenced part of the reservoir in areas with minimal turbulence and water flow rate. At the same time, the total cross section of the drainage wells 23 should provide a drain of the maximum volume of water coming from the collector 5. The outlet of the spillway 24 is located in the main water area of the reservoir 3 behind the dyke 6. At a high level of bottom sediments 10, in the place of the outlet of the spillway 24 above the outlet a hole is installed vertical mine open or closed on top of the outlet 25 to prevent clogging of the spillway 24 bottom sediments 10.

If the height of the enclosing dam 6 is lower than the minimum water level (min HC) (Fig. 4), then the enclosing dam 6 and the enclosed part of the reservoir 3 may not be provided with drainage hydraulic structures, since the overflow character of the enclosing dam 6 provides sufficient drainage from the enclosed part of the reservoir 3 .

The process of purifying water from contaminants entering the water area of a reservoir 3 from tributaries 2 and drains 4, as well as the localization of these pollutants when using this method, is as follows.

Water entering the reservoir 3 from the river tributaries 2 and drains 4 through the mouths of the rivers 1 or the outlet of the collectors 5 falls into the part of the reservoir 3 enclosed by the enclosing dam 6. On the bottom 8, it flows into the recess of the enclosed part of the reservoir 3 and spreads over its area gradually losing speed. The most intense deceleration of the flow occurs at the slope of the enclosing dam 6. A change in the nature of the flow of water in the zone of deepening of the bottom 8 of the enclosed part of the reservoir 3 and the enclosing dam 6 leads to an increase in the deposition rate of suspended particles and non-floating debris. And rafting, (plant debris discharged from tributaries and floating debris) accumulate at the slope of the enclosing dam 6. A sharp decrease in the speed of the water flow, a change in the direction of its flow leads to the fact that the upper layer of water located in the fenced part of the reservoir 3 is cleaned and through the drainage hydraulic structures (canals, dams, drainage wells) fall into the main body of the reservoir. At the same time, suspended particles and non-floating debris are deposited on the bottom 8 of the enclosed part of the reservoir 3, and floating debris and rafts, as a rule, accumulate at the slopes of the enclosing dam 6. Thus, the main part of the pollution entering the reservoir 3 from tributaries 2 and drains 4 is localized within the enclosed dyke 6 part of the reservoir 3. This allows for low economic costs to reduce the level of pollution of the main part of the reservoir 3, as well as conduct periodic removal of accumulated pollution in the enclosed part and pond 3.

To intensify the processes of sedimentation of suspended particles at the mouth 1 of the tributaries 2, parapettes 18 or concrete ledges 19 are constructed, which dramatically change the nature of the flow from laminar to turbulent, which contributes to a more rapid deposition of suspended particles, and also improves aeration of water. In addition, the use of trenches 20 located perpendicular to the direction of the flow of water and working, for example, according to the principle of the sand traps (Smetanin V.I. Restoration and cleaning of water bodies. - M .: Kolos, 2003, p. 94) also contributes to a more intensive separation suspended particles. When a filtering type dam 6 is installed, additional purification of water that is filtered through the dam from fine particles of less than 10 micrometers and partial neutralization of chemical compounds in the water by zeolites contained in the dumping array of the dam dam 6 are performed. It is advisable to use filtering dam blades 6 when enclosing sewage mouths 4 collectors 5 and the presence of overflow drainage hydraulic structures, for example, drainage wells.

Changing the direction of the flow of water in the fenced part of the reservoir 3, is carried out by choosing the location of the drainage hydraulic structures on the dam and in the fenced part of the reservoir, accelerates the deposition of suspended particles from the water. For example, changing the direction of the flow velocity vector of the influx 2 by 90 degrees due to the location of the drainage channel 21 in the boundary dam 6 perpendicular to the direction of the flow of the influx 2, provides additional deposition of suspended particles at the internal slopes of the boundary dam 6.

Water purification and localization of contaminants when using an overflow enclosing dam 6, the crest 9 of which is located below the water level, but above the level of bottom sediments 10 adjacent to the enclosing dam 6 from the outside, is carried out similarly to the deposition process in the enclosed part of the reservoir 3 equipped with the enclosing dam 6, the comb 9 which is higher than the maximum water level. Overflow enclosing dams 6 may not be equipped with drainage channels 21. In this case, the water of tributaries 2 and drains 4 falling into the fenced part of the reservoir 3 is gradually settled, and the upper purified layer of water overflows through enclosing dam 6. The overflowing water through enclosing dam 6 is additionally filtered with using aquatic plants 11 (macrophytes), which are planted on the crest of the dam and on the bottom sediments adjacent to the external slope of the dam 10. The width of the protective plant strip depends on the required level of water treatment from contaminants coming from tributaries 2 and drains 4. Filtering aquatic plants 11 (macrophytes) can be periodically removed from the water body of a reservoir, stored on shore or disposed of.

Accumulated bottom sediments 10, anthropogenic debris, plant debris (rafting) are periodically removed from the fenced part of the reservoir 3, stored and / or processed, and / or disposed of on the shore 7 of the reservoir 3.

As a result of the application of this method, a significant part of suspended particles, anthropogenic debris, and chemical pollution is localized in the fenced part of the reservoir 3, thereby significantly reducing pollution of the main water area of the reservoir 3, which can significantly improve the ecological situation in the reservoir and helps to normalize or restore the self-cleaning regime of the reservoir 3. In addition, the localization of all these types of pollution in the fenced part of the reservoir 3 can significantly reduce the cost of cleaning the entire water but from dirt and sediment, as it allows to use for the periodic removal of sediment 10 "dry" method of removal of sediments, as well as dramatically reduce transport costs.

Thus, the proposed method of localization in the water area of the reservoir of contaminants entering the reservoir from tributaries and drains can dramatically reduce the level of pollution of the main water area of the reservoir, reduce the rate of increase in the layer of bottom sediments in it, improve the conditions of existence and development of benthos, reduce the distribution area of blue-green algae by reducing the content of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds in the main body of water. This method allows to reduce the degree of urgency of carrying out expensive water protection and water treatment measures on tributaries 2 and drains 4 without significant environmental degradation of the reservoir. In reservoirs with a very low average water level (less than one and a half meters) and a significant amount of bottom sediment, for example, such as about. Nero deepening of the bottom in the mouths of the tributaries, an increase in the oxygen content in the water passing through the hydraulic structures in the fenced part of the reservoir, allows you to save or improve the condition of fish resources. The emergence of deep-water zones in shallow water bodies, where the application of this method is most effective, also contributes to this.

In deep-water lakes, in the presence of shallow-water areas in river mouths, this method can also be used to reduce the discharge of pollution into the main volume of the lake.

The above shows that this method can significantly reduce the flow of suspended particles, pollutants, anthropogenic debris and plant debris into the main water body of the reservoir and their localization in limited fenced areas of water bodies (ponds, lakes and reservoirs), which allows to reduce material, energy costs by cleaning water bodies from pollution, and for other sanitary and meliorative measures.

Claims (10)

1. The method of localization in the water body of the contaminants entering the body of water from tributaries and drains, including the construction of blocking the water flow of hydraulic structures with adjustable culvert mode, characterized in that the blocking hydraulic structures perform in the form of a bulk enclosed dam on the shore of the reservoir, placing it in the water area of the reservoir opposite the mouth of the tributary or runoff, covering the entire width of the mouth, and inside the fenced enclosure of the dam part of the reservoir deepens the bottom, removing, along the edge her least sediments and transporting them to the shore of the reservoir, while in the levees and / or fenced part of the reservoir building water taking waterworks. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that to fill the enclosing dam using soil, taken out when deepening the bottom of the fenced part of the reservoir. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the crest of the enclosing dam is poured not lower than the level of the reservoir during the flood. 4. The method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the crest of the enclosing dam is poured below the minimum level of the reservoir, but above the level of bottom sediments adjacent to the enclosing dam in the unfenced part of the reservoir. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when deepening the bottom of the fenced dam part of the reservoir, at least one trench is formed, and / or at least one soil parapet, and / or at least one concrete protrusion, the center line of which is perpendicular to the direction of the flow of water flowing from the mouth of the drain or tributary. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drainage hydraulic structures are performed in the form of at least one channel in the enclosing dam, and / or at least one drainage well installed on the enclosed part of the reservoir, with a water outlet the limits of the enclosing dam, and / or at least one channel in the enclosing dam, equipped with at least one dam with an adjustable drain. 7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the enclosing dam is made of materials that provide water filtration through it. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that natural zeolites and / or permutites are added to the materials used to fill the filtering dam wall. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pollution accumulated in the enclosed part of the reservoir (bottom sediments, man-made debris, plant debris) is periodically removed and stored, and / or processed and / or disposed of on the shore of the reservoir. 10. The method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the removal of bottom sediments, and / or the deepening of the bottom, and / or the construction of drainage hydraulic structures in the fenced part of the reservoir is carried out after blocking the flow of water into it and pumping it out of the fenced part of the reservoir.

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