RU2664353C2 - Vibration exciter, processing device, mixing device and pumping device therewith - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: reception or transmission of mechanical vibrations.

SUBSTANCE: vibration exciter comprising a housing is provided; at least one operating element, mounted in the housing on at least one elastic element, is oscillatable; at least one electromagnet mounted in the body, capable of periodically applying force to the at least one operating member to oscillate this working member; at least one additional operating element, which is mounted in the housing on at least one additional elastic element, is oscillatable; at least one additional electromagnet mounted in the body with the ability to periodically apply force to said at least one additional operating member to oscillate this additional working member; and a working zone formed in the housing between said working bodies with the possibility of receiving a substance therein, wherein said working bodies are configured to act on said substance in the work area.

EFFECT: in addition, a processing device for processing the material, a mixing device for mixing the materials and a pumping device for pumping a fluid containing such a vibration exciter are provided.

25 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of vibration devices used for grinding hard and soft materials of various kinds in dry and liquid or gaseous media, mixing soft and liquid materials in a liquid or gaseous medium, pumping fluid through pipelines, and also for rolling and forging plastic materials . In particular, the present invention relates to a vibration exciter, as well as to a processing device for processing a material, a mixing device for mixing materials and a pumping device for pumping a fluid, each of which contains such a vibration exciter.

BACKGROUND

In the prior art, various devices for exciting vibrations are known which are configured to vibrate a substance.

The closest analogue of the present invention is a vibration crusher (SU 15637 A1, V02C 1/02, 05/15/1990), comprising a housing, a working body mounted in the housing on at least one elastic element with the possibility of oscillations, an electromagnet mounted in the housing with the possibility periodic application to the working body of the force for oscillation of this working body, an additional working body mounted in the housing on at least one additional elastic element with the possibility of oscillations, an additional electromagnet um installed in the housing with the possibility of periodically applying efforts to the additional working body to oscillate this additional working body, and a working area formed in the housing between these working bodies with the possibility of supplying substances into it, while these working bodies are made with the possibility of influencing said the substance in the working area, and the vibration crusher also contains a control circuit connected to electromagnets with the ability to control their operation.

One of the disadvantages of the vibratory crusher according to SU 15637 is the possibility of its failure due to overheating, which can occur due to the fact that after supplying the substance to the working area of such a crusher, there is a sharp damping of the oscillations of the working bodies interacting with the supplied substance, so that to maintain the operability of such a crusher requires a continuous increase in the power of the electromagnets used, which as a result leads to a significant increase in energy costs.

Another disadvantage of the vibratory crusher according to SU 15637 is that its elastic elements are used exclusively for fastening the working bodies to the crusher body, that is, only as a support, and do not provide the possibility of using the energy excited by electromagnets when they apply force to the working bodies, which are mounted on these elastic elements, as potential.

In general, the above-described disadvantage of the vibratory crusher according to SU 15637 is characteristic of all other vibratory machines of a similar type currently existing in the prior art.

Therefore, an urgent problem is the development of a vibration pathogen that overcomes at least the above-mentioned disadvantage of the known vibratory crusher.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide a vibration pathogen that solves at least the above problem.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the case of the pathogen of vibrations containing at least one working body mounted in the body of at least one elastic element with the possibility of oscillation, at least one electromagnet installed in the case with the possibility of periodic application to the specified at least one working body efforts to oscillate this working body, at least one additional working body mounted in the housing on at least one additional elastic an element with the possibility of oscillation, at least one additional electromagnet installed in the housing with the possibility of periodically applying to the specified at least one additional working body efforts to oscillate this additional working body, a control circuit connected to these electromagnets with the ability to control their operation, and the working area formed in this building between the specified working bodies with the possibility of the entry of substances into it, while these working bodies you are filled with the possibility of influencing the specified substance in the working area, the control circuit ensures that the electromagnets give the specified current pulses to control the operation of the electromagnets in such a way that the forces periodically applied by the electromagnets to the working bodies provide oscillation of the working bodies with a resonant frequency when the working bodies act on the substance fed into the working area, wherein said at least one elastic element and said at least one additional elastic element pr dvaritelno compressed in the housing with self-locking and the wedges are made each in the form of an elastic ring mounted on the corresponding working body and sealed to the housing, and the housing further pre-compressed from the outside thereof.

The proposed vibration pathogen provides a technical result in the form of increasing the efficiency of the vibration pathogen, in particular due to the fact that the working bodies oscillate with a resonant frequency when exposed to a substance supplied to the working zone, as a result of which the majority of the energy of the pulsed forces applied by electromagnets to working bodies, it is spent precisely on work, that is, on the impact directly on the substance in the working area, and not on internal heat loss. In addition, the efficiency of the vibration pathogen is further enhanced due to the fact that the elastic elements in the vibration pathogen are used not only as a support for installing the working bodies in the pathogen body, but also to provide high-level potential energy as a result of the efforts of the electromagnets to the working bodies, together with elastic elements forming oscillating elastic-mass systems.

In addition, the proposed vibration pathogen provides an additional technical result in the form of increasing the efficiency of exposure to the substance and increasing the productivity of the vibration pathogen itself, in particular due to the fact that the working area in which the working bodies act on the substance is essentially limited by the dimensions of the casing of the specified pathogen, In this connection, there is no need to move the working bodies to act on the substance in this working area or in another area other than the working area, etc. the possibility of exposure of the substance to the outside of the working zone is eliminated, and the impact of the external environment on the working bodies, the substance exposed and the process of exposure to the substance as a whole is minimized.

In addition, the proposed vibration pathogen also provides an additional technical result in the form of increasing the safety of operation of the specified pathogen, in particular due to the fact that the exposed substance does not extend beyond the casing of the specified pathogen during the action of its working bodies on this material. Thus, in the vibration exciter according to the present invention, the possibility of injury to the user of such an vibration exciter that can occur, for example, due to a rebound or a part of the substance to be exposed to it, is prevented.

In addition, the proposed vibration pathogen provides an additional technical result in the form of reducing the noise impact of the vibration pathogen on the environment, as well as on people who are in close proximity to the specified pathogen.

The proposed pathogen also provides an additional technical result in the form of increased reliability and service life of the working bodies and the specified pathogen as a whole due, in particular, to prevent moisture from entering its working bodies.

Oscillations of the working bodies with a resonant frequency in the proposed pathogen provide another additional technical result, which consists in improving the efficiency of the proposed pathogen. The elastic elements made in the proposed exciter of oscillations in the form of elastic rings provide another additional technical result, which consists in reducing the energy loss of the pulsed action provided by the electromagnets in the elastic rings, due to the relative movement between the masses and the elastic rings on the one hand and the elastic rings and the body on the other hand, with little or no friction. It should also be noted that the decrease in energy losses is due to an improvement in the distribution of forces inside elastic rings and an improvement in the uniformity of energy processes in an elastic-mass system formed by elastic rings and working bodies. Reducing energy losses, in turn, additionally provides energy conservation for processing the substance in the working area of the pathogen, which leads to a significant increase in the efficiency of the pathogen.

Pre-compression of the housing in the proposed vibration exciter provides another additional technical result, which consists in preventing surges in tensile stresses during operation of the vibration exciter.

Pre-compression of the elastic rings in the proposed vibration exciter provides another additional technical result, which consists in preventing the penetration of external sound waves into the housing of the vibration exciter while ensuring the stability of the elastic elements on their peripheral side with respect to the housing of the vibration exciter and allowing the passage of working sound waves, excited by electromagnets.

The pre-compressed housing and the pre-compressed elastic elements in the proposed vibration exciter provide another additional technical result, which consists in ensuring the structural integrity of the vibration exciter and reducing internal friction in this vibration exciter.

In one of the embodiments of the present invention, the working bodies of the pathogen may be located symmetrically with respect to the working area.

In another embodiment of the present invention, each of the working bodies of the pathogen may have a predetermined natural frequency of vibration.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the working bodies of the pathogen may have the same natural frequency.

In other embodiments of the present invention, the control circuit of the oscillation pathogen can be configured to provide predetermined current pulses to the electromagnets to control their operation in such a way that the duration of the pulsed action of the electromagnets is less than the period of natural vibrations of the working bodies.

In still other embodiments of the present invention, the control circuit of the oscillation pathogen can be configured to provide predetermined current pulses to the electromagnets to control their operation in such a way that the frequency of the pulsed action of the electromagnets is equal to the frequency of the natural vibrations of the working bodies.

In still other embodiments of the present invention, the control circuit of the oscillation pathogen can be configured to provide predetermined current pulses to the electromagnets to control their operation in such a way that the duration of the pulsed action of the electromagnets is two times less than the period of natural vibrations of the working bodies.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the control circuit of the oscillation pathogen can be configured to provide predetermined current pulses to the electromagnets to control their operation in such a way that the duration of the pulsed action of the electromagnets is three, four, five or more times less than the period of natural vibrations of the working bodies.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the control circuit of the oscillation pathogen can be configured to provide predetermined current pulses to the electromagnets to control their operation so that the frequency of the pulsed action of the electromagnets is an integer number of times less than the frequency of the natural vibrations of the working bodies.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the control circuit of the oscillation pathogen can be configured to provide predetermined current pulses to the electromagnets to control their operation in such a way that the electromagnets simultaneously apply forces to the working bodies.

Thus, in some embodiments of the present invention, the resonance of the working body and the additional working body in the pathogen can be achieved with a certain duration of the pulsed action of the electromagnets associated with the period of natural vibrations of the elastic-mass system operating under load, that is, when the substance is fed into the working zone. It should also be noted that the power of the pulsed action exerted by each of the electromagnets of the vibration exciter is calculated depending on the design mass of the substance supplied to the working area, while the mass of the substance corresponds to the attenuation of the elastic-mass system during one period of its oscillations, and the pulse power is consumed to cover the attenuation of the elastic mass system during one period of its oscillation. In the “idle” mode, when the substance has not yet been supplied to the working zone, the elastic-mass system will perform a non-harmonic periodic oscillation with an eigenfrequency corresponding to the “near-resonance frequency”, while the main harmonic oscillation will be excited depending on the duration of the pulse exposure or tone, as well as one of the non-principal harmonic oscillations or overtone, the supply of the substance of the design mass to the working zone will lead to the attenuation of the oscillatory process in the “idle” mode, etc. and this attenuation sequence in the elastic-mass system occurs in a stepwise manner from weak to powerful, that is, from overtone to tone. In the “operating mode”, when a substance is supplied to the working zone, the elastic-mass system performs harmonic oscillations, while depending on the duration of the pulse action, the main harmonic oscillation or tone and one of the non-principal harmonic oscillations or overtone are excited. When the working zone is fully loaded with material, the attenuation of the elastic-mass system occurs within the overtone, while from two harmonics (tone and overtone), the overtone, as the weakest, disappears (almost completely attenuates), and the tone remains unchanged during the transition from one oscillation period to the next period of oscillation, that is, the attenuation of the tone does not occur. Thus, in the “idle” mode, most of the pulse energy is spent on maintaining the overtone, and its small part is spent on maintaining the tone (internal heat loss), and in the “operating mode”, most of the pulse energy is spent on the work, and a small part of it is spent on internal heat loss (non-attenuation), so that with harmonic vibrations of the elastic-mass system we get a very powerful force acting on a substance in the working area, and tion damping, while expending minimal power.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the number of working bodies of the pathogen can be installed on the same number of elastic elements, comprising at least three.

In other embodiments of the present invention, all the elastic elements of the working bodies in the pathogen can be made essentially identical.

In some other embodiments of the present invention, the working bodies in the pathogen and their corresponding elastic elements can be located symmetrically with respect to the working area.

In one of the embodiments of the present invention, at least one elastic element and at least one additional elastic element in the pathogen may each be made in the form of an elastic ring.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the elastic rings in the vibration pathogen can be rigidly fixed to the corresponding working body and rigidly fastened to the wall of the body of the vibration pathogen from its inner side.

In other embodiments, the implementation of the present invention, every two adjacent elastic rings in the pathogen can be separated from each other by a washer.

In addition, the task is solved in a processing device for processing material containing one of the above embodiments of the exciter, the housing of which is provided with at least one inlet and at least one outlet, and the processing device is arranged to feed into the working area through the specified inlet of the specified substance, which is the material being processed, the working bodies are made in such a way that the specified impact on and the substance in the working area provides the processing of the processed material, and the processing device is additionally configured to drain the processed material from the working area through the specified outlet. The proposed processing device also provides the above technical results.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the processing device may be further configured to supply a liquid medium to the work area.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the working bodies of the processing device may have a shape suitable for at least temporarily holding the processed material in the working area, which increases the processing efficiency of the processed material in the working area, since the process of passing the processed material through the working area is slowed down, as well as decreases the amount of material that has not been processed at all or has a degree of processing insufficient to achieve the desired effect, after e passing through the work area.

The problem is also solved in a mixing device for mixing materials, containing one of the above embodiments of the pathogen, the housing of which is provided with at least one inlet and at least one outlet, and the mixing hole is configured to feed into the working area through the specified inlet the hole of the specified substance, which serves as at least one mixed material, the working bodies are made in such a way that the decree This effect on the substance in the working area provides mixing of the mixed material or mixed materials, and the mixing device is configured to release the mixed material or mixture of materials from the working area through the specified outlet. The proposed mixing device also provides the above technical results.

Further, the problem is also solved in a pumping device for pumping a fluid containing one of the above embodiments of the exciter, in the housing of which at least one inlet is provided, equipped with an inlet valve, and at least one outlet, equipped with an outlet valve, the pumping device is configured to feed into the working area through the specified inlet of the specified substance, which is the pumped fluid a, the working bodies are made in such a way that the specified effect on the substance in the working area provides an alternating increase and decrease in pressure in the working area, and the pumping device is additionally configured to open and close these valves to supply the specified substance, which is the pumped fluid into the working area under reduced pressure through the specified inlet and the release of fluid from the working area under increased pressure through the specified outlet rstie.

In addition, the presence of at least one inlet and at least one outlet in the housing of the processing device, mixing device or pumping device provides an additional technical result in the form of an increase in the speed of processing the material to be processed, mixing of the materials being mixed or pumping of the pumped fluid in particular due to the fact that the process of supplying such materials to the housing of the corresponding device is simplified and otsess their release from the body of said device, and also due to the fact that there is no need to move the device, respectively, for processing a new batch of material to be treated, a new batch of stirred mixing materials and pumping new fluid volume pumped.

Further, the problem is also solved in a method of exciting oscillations, according to which the substance is supplied to the working area of the oscillation pathogen according to one of the above described embodiments, and also, by means of a control circuit, given current pulses to the electromagnets to control the operation of the electromagnets in such a way that the forces periodically applied by electromagnets to the working bodies, provide oscillation of the working bodies with a resonant frequency when exposed to working bodies on the supplied substance. The proposed method of exciting oscillations also provides the technical results formulated above.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of a material shredder according to the present invention for grinding various types of materials in a dry environment.

In FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the dynamic and energy states of the material shredder of FIG. 1 in the “idle” mode, as well as in the “operating mode”.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows a graph illustrating the vibro-microwave processes in elastic-mass systems of a material shredder operating in the “idle” and “operating modes”.

In FIG. 4 schematically shows one embodiment of the working body of the material shredder of FIG. one.

In FIG. 5 shows one embodiment of a material shredder according to the present invention for grinding various types of materials in a liquid medium.

In FIG. 6 shows a part of one embodiment of a pumping device for pumping a fluid according to the present invention.

In FIG. 7 shows one embodiment of a device for rolling or forging a plastic material according to the present invention.

In FIG. 8 illustrates one embodiment of a mixing device for mixing materials according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The oscillation causative agent according to the present invention comprises a housing, one or more working bodies mounted in the housing on one or more elastic elements with the possibility of oscillations, one or more electromagnets installed in the housing with the possibility of periodically applying forces to these working bodies to oscillate these working bodies, one or more additional working bodies installed in the housing on one or more elastic elements with the possibility of oscillations, and one or more additional electromagnets installed in the housing with the possibility of periodically applying to these additional working bodies the forces to oscillate these additional working bodies, as well as the working area formed in the housing between these working bodies with the possibility of the substance entering it, moreover, these working bodies are made with the possibility of exposure to the specified substance in the working area. The above vibration exciter performs the mechanical mechanical transfer of masses of materials of various types in a closed working area and can be used to create a processing device for processing the material (for example, for grinding material in a solid or liquid medium, rolling plastic materials, forging plastic materials, etc. .), a mixing device for mixing materials, as well as for creating a pumping device for pumping a fluid or fluid material . The design of the vibration exciter according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention and its other possible embodiments, as well as the principles of its operation, are described below on the example of a processing device for processing material, implemented in the form of a material shredder. It should be noted that in cases where it is applicable, the implementation options described below for the material shredder should also be considered as options for the implementation of the pathogen.

In FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of a material shredder according to the present invention for grinding or crushing brittle materials in a dry environment, in particular rocks, minerals, solid waste, industrial waste, construction waste, household waste, and the like.

The material shredder of FIG. 1 comprises a cylindrical body 1 made of durable material and having a cylindrical cavity. The housing 1 is equipped with an inlet 2, configured to feed through it the crushed material 4 into the housing 1 of the grinder, and an outlet 3, configured to discharge through it the crushed material 5 from the housing 1 of the grinder, and the inlet 2 and the outlet 3 are made, respectively in the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 1 so that these holes are located opposite each other on a common central axis 11, while the diameter of the inlet 2 is larger than the diameter of the outlet Version 3.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, each of the inlet 2 and the outlet 3 made in the housing 1 of the material shredder of FIG. 1 is made with the possibility of its controlled opening, as well as with the possibility of its controlled closing with the provision of a tight seal.

In the cylindrical cavity of the housing 1, a working body 13.1 is installed, made in such a way that it has an acting part 6.1, and a working body 13.2, made in such a way that it has an acting part 6.2, each of the working parts 6.1, 6.2 has the shape of a different trapezoid in a vertical section along the central axis 11. The working bodies 13.1, 13.2 are made essentially identical (have identical construction and identical parameters) and are installed in the cavity of the housing 1 so that their identical acting parts 6.1, 6.2 are facing each other and are located symmetrically with respect to the axis 11 with the formation of a working zone 7 between them, used to grind the material to be crushed in it 4. Thus, the working part 6.1 of the working body 13.1 and the working part 6.2 of the working body 13.2 are located in the cavity of the housing 1 is symmetrical with respect to the working area 7 along the length of the elongated housing 1.

In another embodiment, the implementation of the present invention, the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 of the material chopper can be located on the opposite sides with respect to the working area 7 is not symmetrical with respect to the Central axis 11 and the working area 7.

The working area 7 is located in relation to the inlet 2 so that the crushed material 4 fed into the housing 1 through the inlet 2, under the influence of its own weight, enters the working area 7, in which the fed crushed material 4 is crushed by mechanical action the acting part 6.1 on the one hand and the mechanical impact of the acting part 6.2 on the other opposite side. The working area 7 is also located with respect to the outlet 3 so that the crushed material 5 from the working area 7 is supplied under its own weight to the outlet 3. In this case, the acting parts 6.1, 6.2 are oriented with respect to the central axis 11 so that the working area 7 narrows along the axis 11 from the inlet 2 towards the outlet 3, if you look at the view in a vertical section made along the center line 11, while the material that has reached the required degree of grinding, then e If the crushed material 5 is withdrawn from the narrowest part of the working area 7 with its subsequent release from the housing 1 through the outlet 3. Thus, the crushed material 4 entering the working area 7 is held for a certain period of time by means of the acting parts 6.1. 6.2 in the working area 7 until the degree of grinding of at least a portion of this crushed material 4 reaches a certain value, which will allow the removal of the crushed material 5 from the working area 7.

The working bodies 13.1, 13.2 are located on a common central axis 12, perpendicular to the central axis 11, and each of these working bodies 13.1,13.2 is equipped with elastic elements in the form of identical elastic rings of spring steel, located symmetrically with respect to the central axis 11 and the working area 7 The working body 13.1 is equipped with 5 elastic rings 8.1, and the working body 13.2 is equipped with 5 elastic rings 8.2, moreover, the elastic rings (8.1 and 8.2) are identical (that is, have identical structures and identical parameters), and each elastic ring is made of elastic olets 8.1 and the corresponding elastic ring 8.2 of the elastic rings are placed in cavities of the body 1 symmetrically with respect to the central axis 11 and the working area 7.

The elastic rings 8.1 are rigidly fixed on the working body 13.1, and the elastic rings 8.2 are rigidly fixed on the working body 13.2 so that each of the working bodies 13.1,13.2 has a fixed position in the cavity of the housing 1, while the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 provide the opportunity fluctuations of the working body 13.1 and the working body 13.2, respectively, when external force is applied to the working body 13.1 and the working body 13.2, respectively. Each two adjacent elastic rings of five elastic rings 8.1 or of five elastic rings 8.2 are separated from each other by steel washers (not shown), so that the elastic rings 8.1 or elastic rings 8.2 are located along the length of the working body 13.1 or working body 13.2, respectively, at an equal distance apart from each other.

In one of the embodiments of the present invention, the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 can be tightly fitted respectively on the working body 13.1 and working body 13.2. In another embodiment of the present invention, the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 can be placed with a tight seal, respectively, on the working body 13.1 and working body 13.2. In another embodiment, the implementation of the present invention, each of the elastic rings 8.1 and each of the elastic rings 8.2 can be welded to the corresponding one of the sections of the outer side, respectively, of the working body 13.1 and working body 13.2. In another embodiment of the present invention, the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 can be made in one piece, respectively, with the working body 13.1 and the working body 13.2.

Each of the elastic rings 8.1 and each of the elastic rings 8.2 are also rigidly fastened to the corresponding one of the parts of the elongated wall of the housing 1 from its inner side.

In one embodiment of the present invention, each of the elastic rings 8.1 and each of the elastic rings 8.2 can be sealed with a tight seal from the corresponding one of the parts of the elongated wall of the cylindrical body 1 from its inner side. In another embodiment of the present invention, each of the elastic rings 8.1 and each of the elastic rings 8.2 can be welded to the corresponding one of the parts of the elongated wall of the cylindrical body 1 from its inner side. In some embodiments of the present invention, the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 may be integral with the elongated wall of the cylindrical body 1.

In another embodiment, the implementation of the present invention, each of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 can be equipped with at least three elastic rings rigidly fixed to the corresponding working body, tightly mounted on it or placed on it with a tight seal so that at least some of these elastic rings are located along the central axis 12 at a predetermined distance with respect to each other. In another embodiment of the present invention, each of the elastic rings 8.1 and each of the elastic rings 8.2 can be tightly pressed in the cylindrical cavity of the housing 1 to the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 1 on its inner side, so that each elastic ring of the elastic rings 8.1 is hermetically separated from the adjacent with it another elastic ring of elastic rings 8.1 with the formation of a sealed space between them, and each elastic ring of elastic rings 8.2 is hermetically separated from another adjacent elastic ring of elastic 8.2 x rings to form a sealed space therebetween.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the material shredder housing 1 of FIG. 1 can be pre-compressed from the outside, in particular from the outside of the elongated wall of this housing 1, using external steel rods or cables, which prevents tensile stresses during operation of this material shredder.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the working body 13.1 and the working body 13.2 can be pre-compressed using internal steel rods or cables, which prevents tensile stresses during operation of this material shredder.

In yet other embodiments of the present invention, the adjacent surfaces of the structural components in the material shredder can be pre-compressed using "self-locking wedges", which ensures the tightness and integrity of the entire structure of this material shredder.

The working body 13.1 in combination with elastic rings 8.1 rigidly fixed to this working body 13.1, and the working body 13.2 in combination with elastic rings 8.2 rigidly attached to this working body 13.2, are two separate identical elastic-mass systems (i.e. identical parameters and designs) located symmetrically with respect to the central axis 11 and the working zone 7 and having substantially equal values of the natural frequency of oscillations, previously determined using devices known in the prior art I determine the natural frequency of oscillation. Reducing the mass of the working body 13.1 or reducing the mass of the working body 13.2 will provide an increase in the natural frequency of oscillation of the corresponding one of these elastic-mass systems.

The material shredder of FIG. 1 also contains two electromagnets 9.1, 9.2, which are identical (that is, have identical construction and identical parameters), while each of the electromagnets 9.1, 9.2 is mounted on the corresponding short wall of the housing 1 so that they are located on the central axis 12 and are located in the cavity of the housing 1 symmetrically with respect to the Central axis 11 and the working area 7.

In one of the embodiments of the present invention, the oscillation shredder may contain more than two working bodies mounted in the housing 1 with the possibility of oscillations. In another embodiment of the present invention, the material shredder of FIG. 1 may contain an even number of working bodies, for example four, six, eight, ten, etc. working bodies installed in pairs in the housing 1 in such a way that the working bodies of each pair are located on opposite sides with respect to the central axis 11 and the working area 7 and are symmetrical to them, that is, all working bodies form two, three, four, five and etc. similar pairs of working bodies.

As shown in FIG. 1, an extreme elastic ring of elastic rings 8.1 and an extreme elastic ring of elastic rings 8.2, rigidly fastened to the elongated wall of the housing 1 on its inner side and rigidly fixed to one end of the working body 13.1 and working body 13.2, respectively, which is distant to the Central axis 11 and the working area 7, limit the corresponding part of the internal cavity of the housing 1 with the formation of the cavities 15.1, 15.2, in which there are, respectively, the electromagnet 9.1 and the electromagnet 9.2. Thus, each of the cavities 15.1, 15.2 formed in the housing 1 is bounded by a corresponding one of the opposite short walls of the housing 1, a corresponding part of the elongated wall of the housing 1, adjacent directly to the specified short wall, and the corresponding one of the above extreme elastic rings.

In other embodiments of the present invention, in which the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 are hermetically fastened to the elongated wall of the cylindrical body 1 on its inner side and hermetically fastened to the working body 13.1 and working body 13.2, respectively, the extreme elastic ring of elastic rings 8.1 and the extreme an elastic ring of elastic rings 8.2, mounted on one end respectively of the working body 13.1 and working body 13.2, which is distant with respect to the Central axis 11 and the working area 7, provide a sealant w cavity respectively 15.1 and 15.2 of the cavity formed in the housing 1.

In one of the embodiments of the present invention, a vacuum is created in the sealed cavities 15.1,15.2, in which the electromagnets 9.1, 9.2 are located.

As shown in FIG. 1, another extreme elastic ring of elastic rings 8.1 and another extreme elastic ring of elastic rings 8.2, rigidly fastened to the elongated wall of the cylindrical body 1 from its inner side and rigidly fixed to the other end of the working body 13.1 and working body 13.2, which is the nearest relative to the Central axis 11 and the working area 7, limit part of the internal cavity of the housing 1 with the formation of the Central cavity 14, in which there are acting parts 6.1, 6.2 and the working area 7 formed between them.

In other embodiments of the present invention, in which the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 are hermetically fastened to the elongated wall of the cylindrical body 1 on its inner side and hermetically fastened to the working body 13.1 and working body 13.2, respectively, another extreme elastic ring of elastic rings 8.1 and another extreme elastic ring of elastic rings 8.2, fixed at one end respectively of the working body 13.1 and working body 13.2, which is proximal to the Central axis 11 and the working area 7, providing sealing the central cavity 14 formed in the housing 1.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the inlet 2 and the outlet 3 can be closed so that they can be sealed, thereby sealing the central cavity 14 of the housing 1, in which the acting parts 6.1, 6.2 and the working area 7 formed between them are located , from the side of the elongated wall of the cylindrical body 1.

The electromagnet 9.1 contains a solenoid (not shown), a stator (not shown) attached to the solenoid, and an armature 10.1 connected to the stator by means of elastic elements made in the form of tension-compression springs, and configured to interact with the working body 13.1, while the movable core of the solenoid is attached to the armature and pre-inserted into the solenoid by a predetermined gap value. The electromagnet 9.2 has a design identical to the design of the electromagnet 9.1 described above.

In one embodiment of the present invention, each of the material shredder electromagnets 9.1, 9.2 may comprise a solenoid, a stator attached to the solenoid, and an armature inserted into the solenoid with a predetermined gap to ensure freedom of oscillation and connected respectively to the working body 13.1 or working body 13.2 .

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the material shredder electromagnets 9.1, 9.2 can be made in the form of a solenoid placed inside a closed stator, that is, without using an armature and a gap in the construction of each of these electromagnets 9.1, 9.2, as shown in FIG. 4. Moreover, in this embodiment of the present invention, the electromagnet 9.1 and the electromagnet 9.2 are fixed respectively inside the working body 13.1 and the working body 13.2 made of ferro-magnetic material, so that they are located in the corresponding end parts of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2, remote in relation to the working area 7 and the Central axis 11 and located symmetrically in relation to them. The pulsed nature of the work of the electromagnets 9.1, 9.2 of the material chopper will provide the possibility of creating, respectively, in the working body 13.1 and working body 13.2 surges of internal voltage and internal discharge, which will ensure the swinging or oscillation of these working bodies 13.1, 13.2.

Thus, the electromagnet 9.1 and the electromagnet 9.2 are installed in the housing 1 of the material shredder respectively in the cavity 15.1 and cavity 15.2 of the housing 1 with the possibility of periodic application of force to the working body 13.1 and working body 13.2, respectively, by the pulsed action of the armature 10.1 of the electromagnet 9.1 and the armature (10.2) of the electromagnet 9.2, respectively, on the working body 13.1 and working body 13.2 to ensure fluctuations in the working body 13.1 and working body 13.2, respectively.

The material shredder shown in FIG. 1 also contains a control circuit (not shown) connected to each of the electromagnets 9.1, 9.2.

The control circuit (not shown) used in the material shredder of FIG. 1, contains a power supply connected to a power source of industrial frequency and containing a voltage stabilizer to automatically maintain a given electric current in the control circuit when the load in the supply network changes, and also contains one of the current rectification schemes known in the art , for example, in the form of a half-wave diode bridge to provide half-wave rectification of a stabilized alternating electric current, which is sinusoidal гармон harmonic signal (that is, a harmonic signal that changes its amplitude and polarity according to a sinusoidal law), having positive and negative half-periods (positive and negative half-waves). The half wave diode bridge of the control circuit of the material shredder shown in FIG. 1, "cuts off" the negative half-wave of the input sinusoidal signal. In addition, the control circuit also contains a chopper, which interrupts the rectified current to obtain specified current pulses with the necessary frequency and duration parameters.

The above-described control circuit provides the issuance of the above pulses of a certain frequency to both electromagnets 9.1, 9.2 to control their operation in such a way that they have a substantially simultaneous pulse effect on the working body 13.1 and working body 13.2, respectively, while the duration of the pulse action of each of the electromagnets 9.1, 9.2 is half the predefined period of natural vibrations of any of the above elastic-mass systems.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the duration of the pulsed action of each of the material shredder electromagnets 9.1, 9.2 can be three, four, five, or more times less than the predefined period of natural vibrations of any of the above elastic-mass systems, which reduces stray energy losses in the elastic-mass systems and solenoids under certain operating conditions of the material mill and, thus, increases the efficiency of the material mill as a whole.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the duration of the pulsed action of each of the material shredder electromagnets 9.1, 9.2 may be less than a predetermined period of natural vibrations of one of the above elastic-mass systems.

In other embodiments of the present invention, in the cavity 15.1 and cavity 15.2 of the housing 1 of the oscillation shredder shown in FIG. 1, respectively, two or more electromagnets 9.1 and two or more electromagnets 9.2 can be placed, each of which is made with the possibility of applying force to the working body 13.1 and working body 13.2, respectively, with a frequency controlled by the above-described control circuit connected to all these electromagnets 9.1 and all these electromagnets 9.2.

In one of the embodiments of the present invention, the material shredder may contain two or more working bodies 13.1 and two or more working bodies 13.2, as well as two or more electromagnets 9.1, each of which is made with the possibility of periodic application of force to at least one of these working bodies 13.1, and two or more electromagnets 9.2, each of which is made with the possibility of periodic application of force to at least one of these ra side organs 13.2.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the inlet 2 and the outlet 3 can be made respectively in opposite short walls of the elongated body 1 of the material grinder, while the mass of material crushed in the working area 7 to the required degree of grinding is removed from it by replacing the specified mass with a new one the mass of crushed material supplied through the inlet 2 to the working area 7 by using feed means known in the art.

It should also be noted that in the material shredder shown in FIG. 1, due to the fact that its design is symmetrical with respect to the central axis 11 and the working area 7, there are no unbalanced vibrations and vibrations in its structural units and components (i.e., the material shredder of Fig. 1 is a balanced system), which increases reliability and the service life of the structural components of such a material shredder, in particular its working bodies 13.1, 13.2, and the entire material shredder as a whole, and also prevents the need to increase the mass of the material shredder and / or its rigid attachment to the Earth or fixation on the foundation to ensure its stable operation.

Using the material shredder shown in FIG. 1, consists in connecting the grinder to the mains supply, as a result of which the control circuit of this grinder gives out pulses of a certain frequency and duration to the electromagnets 9.1, 9.2, which causes a magnetic field to appear in the coil of the corresponding solenoid, which interacts with the moving core of the solenoid, which leads to the creation of traction force pulling the movable core into the solenoid. The retraction of the movable core into the solenoid ensures that the armature 10.1 is attracted to the stator, which causes deformation of the tension-compression springs. At the same time, when the current supplied to the electromagnet 9.1 and, accordingly, the traction force are equal to zero, the tension-compression springs drop the anchor 10.1 from the stator, which thus periodically applies force to the corresponding working body from the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 of the material shredder. Thus, the electromagnets 9.1, 9.2, the operation of which is controlled by a control circuit, essentially simultaneously exert, by means of the anchors 10.1, 10.2, the periodic pulse action illustrated in FIG. 2 by means of curve A2, respectively, to the working body 13.1 and working body 13.2. In this case, the electromagnets 9.1, 9.2 and the control circuit are configured in such a way that the duration of the pulsed action of each of these electromagnets 9.1, 9.2 is two times less than the predefined period T _{C of} natural vibrations of any of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2.

The electromagnets 9.1, 9.2 provide oscillation, respectively, of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 of the material shredder, and in the “idle” mode, when the ground material 4 is not yet fed into the working zone 7, each of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 will oscillate, as illustrated in FIG. 2 by means of curve A1, with an eigenfrequency of oscillations corresponding to “near the resonant frequency” and exceeding the frequency of the forcing oscillations given by the electromagnets 9.1, 9.2. In this case, the excess of the natural vibration frequency in the “idle” mode over the natural vibration frequency in the “operating mode” is determined depending on the mass of the material being ground in the working zone 7. In the “operating mode”, when the ground material 4 is fed into the working zone 7, the mass of the supplied material is attached to the working mass of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2, while each of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 will oscillate, as illustrated in FIG. 2 by means of curve A3, and the natural frequency of oscillation of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 will decrease from “near the resonant frequency” to “resonant frequency” as the working zone 7 is filled with crushed material 4 and reaches the value of the “resonant frequency” (that is, the natural frequency of oscillations of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 will be equal to the frequency of the forced oscillations specified by the electromagnets 9.1, 9.2 of the material chopper) when the working zone 7 is completely filled with chopped material 4, that is, when loading the working zone 7 according to the “under the blockage” type. Moreover, upon reaching the natural frequency of oscillation of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 of the value of the "resonant frequency", there will be a slight decrease in the amplitude of the vibration of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 by ΔL and ΔL1 and a phase shift by ΔТ (as shown in Fig. 2 and 3).

In FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating a model of wave motion in any of the above elastic-mass material shredder systems operating in the “idle” and “operating modes” under the action of a forcing force provided by the corresponding one of the electromagnets 9.1, 9.2, on the specified elastic mass system, and also in the absence of the action of the specified driving force from the side of the corresponding one of the electromagnets 9.1, 9.2 on the specified elastic-mass system (free vibrations) to assess the ratio of energy forces new potential (energy of the fundamental tone) and the energy expended for the production of work and replenishment of unproductive losses of the material mill (energy of the 1st overtone). In FIG. 3, curve B1 illustrates the vibrating microwave process of the elastic mass system of the material shredder of FIG. 1 operating in the “idle” mode, in which the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 oscillate with their own oscillation frequency corresponding to “near the resonant frequency”, and curve B2 illustrates the vibrating process of this elastic-mass material mill system of FIG. 1, operating in "operating mode" when loading the working zone 7 of the type "under the blockage", when the natural frequency of the oscillations corresponds to the "resonant frequency". According to the Fourier theorem, any periodic oscillation with a period T can be represented as the sum of harmonic oscillations with periods equal to T, T / 2, T / 3, etc., that is, with a frequency f, 2f, 3f, 4f, etc. d. Moreover, the non-harmonic periodic pulsed action of electromagnets 9.1, 9.2 with period T on the corresponding elastic-mass system of the material shredder corresponds to the simultaneous action of harmonic forces with frequencies that are multiples of the most powerful (low) frequency f = 1 / T, i.e. f, 2f, 3f, 4f etc. In the material shredder of FIG. 1 for the production of work using the energy of the first overtone (2f), the second overtone (3f), the third overtone (4f), etc., while the fundamental energy (f; first harmonic) is not expended and plays the role of a high potential, but all harmonics are excited and supported by electromagnets 9.1, 9.2.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the control circuit can control the electromagnets 9.1, 9.2 in such a way that the frequency of the pulsed action of each of these electromagnets is equal to the frequency of the natural vibrations of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2, calculated when loading the working area 7 by the type of "blockage", when own the oscillation frequency of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 reaches the "resonant frequency".

There is also an option in which the controller controls the electromagnets 9.1, 9.2 in such a way that the frequency of the pulsed action of each of these electromagnets is an integer number less than the frequency of the natural vibrations of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2, calculated when loading the working area 7 according to the “under the blockage” type, when the natural frequency of oscillation of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 reaches the "resonant frequency".

A prerequisite for the stable operation of the material shredder of FIG. 1 is that the force potential of each of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 should provide maximum pressure surges, many times exceeding the limit values of the elastic stresses of the material being crushed 4, so that the growth rate of pressure of each of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 on the crushed material is many times higher than the speed growth of the elastic reaction of the crushed material, and the pressure drop rate, respectively, exceeded the rate of occurrence of the elastic reaction of the crushed material when the working bodies stop 13 .1, 13.2 before the next cycle of work. Thus, depending on the parameters of the material shredder of FIG. 1, the crushed material 4 can be converted in the working zone 7 into a liquid or even gas.

The crushed material 4 supplied through the inlet 2, under the action of its own weight, enters the working area 7, in which the mass of the crushed material 4 moves both downward from the entrance to the working area 7 to exit from it due to the action of gravitational forces, and horizontal movement due to the oscillating working bodies 13.1, 13.2, acting on both sides of this mass of crushed material 4, that is, all the material fed into the working area 7 is in constant motion and in interaction with adjacent parts or objects forming this material. In other words, the material located in the working area 7 is crushed not only in the area directly adjacent to the working surfaces of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2, interacting with the crushed material, but also as a result of pressing the parts or objects forming the crushed material into each other , their friction against each other and / or their collisions with each other.

In the working zone 7 there is a complex stepwise movement of the mass of material being crushed with the replacement of the mass of material crushed to the required degree of grinding and withdrawn from the working zone 7 for subsequent release from the body 1 of the material grinder through the outlet 3, with a new mass of crushed material 4 fed through the inlet 2.

Thus, the oscillation of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 of the material shredder with the above-described "resonant frequency" ensures the creation of powerful pressure surges and rarefaction in the working zone 7, into which the crushed material 4 is fed, which ensures highly efficient grinding or crushing of the material located in the working zone 7 , while consuming a relatively small amount of energy to ensure the operability of the material shredder according to the present invention. In other words, the working area 7 is an enclosed space in the central part of the inner cavity of the housing 1 of the material shredder of FIG. 1, in which the crushed material is under constant pressure of the weight of its vertical column and under the action of forced pressure exerted on both sides by the working bodies 13.1, 13.2, as a result of which a high concentration of fracture energy in the working zone 7 is ensured, which can be brought to the energy level the explosion.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 can be fixed in the cavity of the housing 1 so that they are perpendicular to the central axis 12, resulting in a grinding force acting on the grinding material in the working area 7, in General perpendicular to the surface of the particles of the crushed material, which ensures the grinding of this crushed material due to flattening. In another embodiment of the present invention, the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 can be fixed in the cavity of the housing 1 so that they are parallel to the central axis 12, as a result of which the grinding force acting on the grinding material in the working area 7 is generally directed tangentially to the surface of the particles of the crushed material, which ensures the grinding of this crushed material due to abrasion or grinding. In other embodiments of the present invention, the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 can be fixed in various intermediate positions at a predetermined angle to the central axis, that is, in the positions between the position in which they are perpendicular to the central axis 12 and the position in which they located parallel to the Central axis 12, which ensures the grinding of the crushed material in the working area 7 by performing complex grinding, that is, at the same time by flattening, prevailing in orientation the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 are closer to the position in which they are perpendicular to the central axis 12, and the abrasion / grinding prevailing when the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 are closer to the position in which they are parallel to the central axis 12. The above described embodiments of the working bodies can be used to ensure the most efficient grinding of materials of various kinds.

According to the above description of the design and operation of the material shredder of FIG. 1, this material shredder is formed from an oscillation pathogen containing the housing 1 described above, the working bodies 13.1, 13.2, equipped with elastic rings 8.1 and elastic rings 8.2, electromagnets 9.1, 9.2, respectively, installed in the housing so that the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 can oscillate, and also the working area 7, formed in the housing 1 between the working bodies 13.1, 13.2, while the housing 1 of this pathogen is equipped with an inlet 2 made with the possibility of feeding through it the crushed material 4 into the working area 7 , the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 are made in such a way that they provide the possibility of grinding the supplied material in the working area 7 and the removal of the crushed material from this working area 7, and the housing 1 is additionally equipped with an outlet 3 made with the possibility of discharging through it the crushed material from work area 7.

In one alternative implementation of the present invention, the processing device for processing the material can be implemented in the form of a material shredder intended for grinding hard and soft materials, in particular hard and soft materials of plant or organic origin, such as cellulose, as well as for grinding production waste , construction waste, household waste and / or the like, in a liquid medium. An embodiment of a processing device according to the present invention, implemented as a material shredder for grinding material in a liquid medium, is shown in FIG. 5. In general, the material shredder of FIG. 5 has the same construction as the above material shredder of FIG. 1. For grinding material in a liquid medium into the working area 7 of the material grinder of FIG. 4, a liquid medium, for example water, is supplied through an inlet 2, which is mixed with the ground material 4 supplied to this working zone 7. The liquid medium is supplied to the working zone 7 using one or more supply nozzles equipped with a control valve for regulating the flow of the feed liquid medium. During operation of the material shredder of FIG. 5, the oscillation of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 with a "resonant frequency" will ensure that the liquid medium is pressed into the microcracks of the crushed material 4 located in the working zone 7 with a sharp pressure jump, as well as a break in the crushed material 4 from the inside with a sharp pressure drop. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the liquid medium may be supplied to the working area 7 while feeding the crushed material 4 through a special hole for supplying the liquid medium made in the housing 1 of the material grinder of FIG. 5. In another embodiment of the present invention, the working area 7 of the housing 1 of the material chopper of FIG. 5 can be hermetically isolated from the rest of the central cavity 14 of the housing 1, in which the acting parts 6.1, 6.2 and the working zone 7 formed between them are located. In some embodiments of the present invention, the inlet 2 of the housing 1 of the material shredder of FIG. 5 can be made with the possibility of its periodic tight closing and opening, respectively, for the implementation of the grinding stage of the crushed material 4 in the working area 7 in a liquid medium and for feeding into the working area 7 a new volume of the crushed material 7 and / or liquid medium for the subsequent implementation of the new grinding stage and the outlet 3 can also be made with the possibility of periodic hermetic closure and opening, respectively, for the implementation of the grinding stage of the crushed material 4 working area 7 in a liquid medium, and outputting the chopped material 5 mixed with a residual volume of liquid medium (a part of the liquid medium, which was not pressed into the material to be ground) from the working area 7 and, respectively, from the casing 1 shredder material of FIG. 5.

Thus, according to the above description of the design and operation of the material shredder of FIG. 5, this material shredder is formed from an oscillation pathogen containing the housing 1 described above, the working bodies 13.1, 13.2, equipped with elastic rings 8.1 and elastic rings 8.2, electromagnets 9.1, 9.2, respectively, installed in the housing so that the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 can oscillate, and also the working area 7, formed in the housing 1 between the working bodies 13.1, 13.2, while the housing 1 of this pathogen is equipped with an inlet 2 made with the possibility of feeding through it the crushed material 4 and the liquid medium the working area 7, the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 are made in such a way that they provide the ability to grind the supplied crushed material in the working area 7 by pressing in the supplied liquid medium and removing the crushed material from this working area 7, and the housing 1 is additionally equipped with an outlet 3 made with the possibility of output through it of shredded material allotted from the working area 7.

In yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention, the processing device for processing the material may be implemented as a device for rolling or forging plastic material (shown in FIG. 7), generally having the same construction as the above-described material shredder of FIG. 1 and designed for rolling or forging plastic material from the size of the inlet 2 through which such plastic materials can be fed into the working area 7 for rolling or forging as a result of the above-described process of oscillation of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 with a "resonant frequency" to size an outlet 3 through which the material forged or rolled can be discharged from the housing 1 of such a device. For feeding plastic material to inlet 2, feeding mechanisms 19 known in the art can be used, and receiving mechanisms 20 known in the art can be used for outputting material forged or rolling through outlet 3 20. Device for rolling or forging plastic material according to this alternative embodiment of the present invention, shown in FIG. 7 can be used to reconfigure or harden the surfaces of metal sheets, to make foil, and the like.

Thus, according to the above description of the design and operating principles of the device for rolling or forging plastic material, this device is formed from an exciter of oscillations containing the above-described case 1, working bodies 13.1, 13.2, equipped respectively with elastic rings 8.1 and elastic rings 8.2, electromagnets 9.1, 9.2 installed in the housing with the possibility of oscillation of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2, as well as the working area 7 formed in the housing 1 between the working bodies 13.1, 13.2, while the housing 1 of this pathogen swings is equipped with an inlet 2 made with the possibility of feeding plastic material 4 through it into the working area 7, the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 are made in such a way that they allow rolling or forging of the supplied plastic material in the working area 7 and the possibility of removal of the processed by rolling or forging material from this working area 7, and the housing 1 is additionally equipped with an outlet 3, configured to output through it processed by rolling or forging material removed from the working area us 7.

In yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention, the above-described vibration pathogen can be used to create, on its basis, a mixing device for mixing soft or liquid materials in a liquid medium or with other soft or liquid materials. In general, the mixing device has the same construction as the above material shredder of FIG. 1. A mixing device according to this alternative embodiment of the present invention can also be used to mix organic liquids in water, mix materials with water that usually cannot be mixed with water, for example, to mix petrochemicals and water.

In FIG. Figure 8 shows one embodiment of a mixing device for mixing materials used to mix one liquid material, two liquid materials with each other, or three liquid materials with each other. To mix the three liquid materials with each other through the inlet 2 into the working area 7 of the mixing device serves all three mixed materials, which are subsequently mixed with each other in the working area 7 with the formation of a mixture of materials. It should be noted that each of the three mixed materials is fed to the inlet 2 using respectively one of the three supply nozzles 24, 25, 26, each of which is equipped with its own regulating inlet valve to regulate the amount of the corresponding liquid material supplied, while the supply nozzles 24, 25 , 26 are connected to the elongated wall of the housing 1 of the mixing device so that around the inlet 2 on the outer side of the elongated wall of the housing 1 a sealed cavity 23 is formed, in which All three mixed materials, respectively, come from the supply pipes 24, 25, 26 for pre-mixing with each other and from which these pre-mixed materials enter through the inlet 2 into the working zone 7. During the operation of the mixing device, the oscillation of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 with a "resonant frequency" will provide further mixing of the pre-mixed liquid materials fed into the working zone 7 with each other in the event of alternating sharp pressure surges and rarefaction Eden. Thus obtained mixture of materials is discharged from the working area 7 through the outlet 3 and then removed using a discharge pipe 27 provided with an outlet valve 22 used to control the residence time of the mixed materials in the working area 7 or the speed of emptying the working area 7. In other embodiments of the present invention, the housing 1 of the stirring device of FIG. 8 may be connected to four or more supply nozzles to provide, through the inlet 2 to the working area 7, respectively, four or more mixed liquid materials.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the miscible liquid materials may be fed into the work area 7 while at least one of the remaining liquid materials is fed into it, then or before.

In another embodiment of the present invention, for mixing materials in a liquid medium, a liquid medium is supplied through the inlet 2 to the working zone 7 of the mixing device, which is mixed with soft and / or liquid materials supplied to this working zone 7. The liquid medium is fed to the working zone 7 using one or more external supply nozzles, each of which is equipped with a control valve for regulating the flow of the supplied liquid medium, and soft and / or liquid materials mixed with idkoy medium is also fed into the working area 7 by use of one or more external supply pipes, each of which is provided with a regulator valve for regulating the flow fed soft and / or liquid materials. During the operation of the mixing device, the oscillation of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 with a "resonant frequency" will ensure the mixing of soft and / or liquid material with a liquid medium located in the working area 7, with sharp pressure and vacuum surges. In another embodiment, the implementation of the present invention, the liquid medium can be fed into the working area 7 while feeding into it soft and / or liquid materials through a special hole for supplying a liquid medium, made in the housing 1, and / or through the inlet 2, after which before that.

Thus, according to the above description of the design and operating principles of the mixing device for mixing materials, this mixing device is formed from an exciter of oscillations containing the above-described housing 1, working bodies 13.1, 13.2, equipped respectively with elastic rings 8.1 and elastic rings 8.2, electromagnets 9.1, 9.2 installed in the housing with the possibility of oscillation of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2, as well as the working area 7 formed in the housing 1 between the working bodies 13.1, 13.2, while the housing 1 is about the causative agent of vibrations is equipped with an inlet 2 made with the possibility of feeding through it the mixed materials 4 into the working area 7, the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 are made in such a way that they provide the ability to mix the mixed material fed into the working area 7, and the possibility of removal of the mixed material from this working area 7, and the housing 1 is additionally equipped with an outlet 3 made with the possibility of output through it of mixed material withdrawn from the working area 7.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the central cavity 14 of the housing 1 of the mixing device, in which are located part 6.1 of the working body 13.1 and part 6.2 of the working body 13.2 used to carry out the process of mixing materials, and the working area 7 formed between them can be pre-filled through the inlet hole 2 or a special hole in the housing 1, designed to supply a liquid medium to the Central cavity 14, a predetermined volume of the liquid medium used for mixed I, for example with water, so that in the working area 7 is at least part of the liquid medium, the outlet opening 3 is sealed. After supplying a predetermined volume of soft and / or liquid materials that need to be mixed through the inlet 2 to the working area 7 with the fluid in it, the inlet 2 is closed to ensure complete sealing of the central cavity 14 with the working area 7, oscillation of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 of a mixing device with a "resonant frequency" will provide mixing of the supplied materials in a liquid medium. After completion of the mixing process, the resulting liquid mixture can be withdrawn from the housing 1 of such a mixing device through an open outlet 3, which is then closed again to ensure its sealing to begin the next cycle of operation of the mixing device. In another embodiment of the present invention, the working area 7 of the housing 1 of the mixing device can be hermetically isolated from the rest of the Central cavity 14 of the housing 1, which contains part 6.1 of the working body 13.1 and part 6.2 of the working body 13.2 used for mixing materials, and formed between them the working area 7, so that essentially all the liquid medium supplied through the inlet 2 enters the working area 7.

In yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention, the above-described oscillating agent can be used to create, on its basis, a pumping device for pumping a fluid, in particular a liquid or gaseous medium, which serves as a pumped material, for example oil or natural gas. In general, the pumping device has the same construction as the above material shredder of FIG. 1. The working area 7 of one embodiment of the pumping device according to the present invention is shown schematically in FIG. 6. A pumping device according to this alternative embodiment of the present invention can be used for pumping liquid and / or gaseous media serving as pumped materials from one part of a pipeline to another part of this pipeline or from one pipeline to another pipeline. In this alternative embodiment, the inlet 2 of the housing 1 is provided with an inlet ball valve 16 with an elastic plate 18, the outlet 3 of the housing 1 is equipped with an outlet ball valve 17 with an elastic plate 18, and the central cavity 14 of the housing 1, in which the acting parts 6.1, 6.2 are located and the working zone 7 formed between them is sealed. During the operation of such a pumping device, the above-described process of oscillation of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 with a "resonant frequency" will be carried out, as a result of which a vacuum jump in the working zone 7 will ensure the opening of the inlet ball valve 16 and, accordingly, the inlet opening 2 (in this case, when the vacuum jump the outlet ball valve 17 and, accordingly, the outlet 3 remain closed), which will lead to the suction of the pumped fluid through this inlet 2 to ensure its supply to the working area 7. The pressure jump in the working zone 7 will ensure the opening of the outlet ball valve 17 and, accordingly, the outlet 3 (in this case, when the pressure jump inlet ball valve 16 and, accordingly, inlet 2 remain closed), which will lead to the expulsion of the fluid from the working zone 7 to ensure its withdrawal from the housing 1 of such a pumping device through the outlet 3. Thus, the pumping device according to this alternative embodiment of the present invention can be used o for pumping gaseous and / or liquid products, such as gas or oil, through pipelines. In another embodiment of the present invention, the working area 7 of the housing 1 of the pumping device can be hermetically isolated from the rest of the central cavity 14 of the housing 1, in which the acting parts 6.1, 6.2 and the working area 7 formed between them are located.

Thus, according to the above description of the design and operation of the pumping device for pumping a fluid, this pumping device is formed from an exciter of oscillations containing the housing 1 described above, the working bodies 13.1, 13.2, equipped respectively with elastic rings 8.1 and elastic rings 8.2, electromagnets 9.1, 9.2 installed in the housing with the possibility of oscillation of the working bodies 13.1, 13.2, as well as the working area 7 formed in the housing 1 between the working bodies 13.1, 13.2. In the housing 1 of this oscillation pathway, an inlet 2 is provided, provided with an inlet ball valve 16, and an outlet 3, provided with an outlet valve 17, while the working bodies 13.1, 13.2 are made so that they provide the ability to control the opening and closing of the ball valves 16, 17 for supplying fluid to the working area 7 through the inlet 2 and discharging the fluid through the outlet 3.

Claims (48)

1. The causative agent of fluctuations, containing: case at least one working element mounted in the housing on at least one elastic element with the possibility of oscillations, and at least one electromagnet mounted in the housing with the possibility of periodically applying to the at least one working body the force for oscillation of this working body, at least one additional working body mounted in the housing on at least one additional elastic element with the possibility of oscillations, at least one additional electromagnet mounted in the housing with the possibility of periodically applying to the at least one additional working body the force to oscillate this additional working body, and the working area formed in the housing between the specified working bodies with the possibility of supplying substances into it, while these working bodies are made with the possibility of impact on the specified substance in the working area, a control circuit connected to these electromagnets with the ability to control their operation, characterized in that the control circuit ensures that the electromagnets give predetermined current pulses to control the operation of the electromagnets in such a way that the forces periodically applied by the electromagnets to the working bodies provide oscillation of the working bodies with a resonant frequency when the working bodies act on a substance supplied to the working area, this the specified at least one elastic element and the specified at least one additional elastic element are pre-compressed in the housing using self-locking wedges and each made in the form of an elastic ring mounted on a corresponding working body and fastened to the housing, and the housing is additionally pre-compressed from its outer side. 2. The causative agent of vibrations according to claim 1, wherein said elastic elements are attached to the housing in such a way that each of the electromagnets is located in a corresponding sealed cavity of the housing. 3. The causative agent of oscillations according to claim 1, in which the control circuit is configured to create predetermined current pulses and to issue them to said electromagnets to control their operation in such a way that these working bodies, when they do not affect the substance supplied to the working zone, vibrations with a natural vibration frequency exceeding the frequency of the forced vibrations specified by the corresponding electromagnet by a predetermined value depending on the mass of the substance supplied to the working zone, while these working bodies, when they act on the substance supplied to the working zone, oscillate with their own frequency of oscillations, reaching the frequency of the forced oscillations specified by the corresponding electromagnet, as the mass of the substance fed into the working zone increases. 4. The causative agent of oscillations according to claim 1, in which the control circuit is configured to create predetermined current pulses and to issue them to said electromagnets to control their operation in such a way that these electromagnets excite and support harmonic vibrations of these working bodies when these working bodies act the substance fed into the working zone, while harmonic vibrations are a combination of tone and at least one overtone, depending on the duration of the pulse effects, indicated electromagnets. 5. The causative agent according to claim 1, in which these working bodies are located symmetrically with respect to the working area. 6. The causative agent according to claim 1, in which each of these working bodies has a predetermined natural frequency of oscillation. 7. The causative agent according to claim 1, in which these working bodies have the same natural frequency of oscillation. 8. The causative agent according to claim 1, in which the control circuit is configured to issue specified current pulses to the electromagnets to control their operation in such a way that the duration of the pulsed action of the electromagnets is less than the period of natural vibrations of the working bodies. 9. The causative agent according to claim 1, in which the control circuit is configured to issue specified current pulses to the electromagnets to control their operation in such a way that the frequency of the pulsed action of the electromagnets is equal to the frequency of natural vibrations of the working bodies. 10. The causative agent according to claim 1, in which the control circuit is configured to issue given current pulses to the electromagnets to control their operation in such a way that the duration of the pulsed action of the electromagnets is two times less than the period of natural vibrations of the working bodies. 11. The causative agent according to claim 1, in which the control circuit is configured to issue specified current pulses to the electromagnets to control their operation in such a way that the duration of the pulsed action of the electromagnets is three, four, five or more times less than the period of natural vibrations of the working bodies. 12. The causative agent according to claim 1, in which the control circuit is configured to issue given current pulses to the electromagnets to control their operation in such a way that the frequency of the pulsed action of the electromagnets is an integer number of times less than the frequency of the natural vibrations of the working bodies. 13. The causative agent according to any one of paragraphs. 8-12, in which the control circuit is configured to issue given current pulses to the electromagnets to control their operation in such a way that the electromagnets simultaneously apply forces to the working bodies. 14. The causative agent according to claim 1, in which the working bodies are installed on the same number of elastic elements, comprising at least two. 15. The causative agent according to p. 14, in which all the elastic elements of these working bodies are made essentially identical. 16. The causative agent according to p. 15, in which these working bodies and their respective elastic elements are located symmetrically with respect to the working area. 17. The causative agent of claim 1, wherein said at least one elastic element and said at least one additional elastic element are each made in the form of an elastic ring. 18. The causative agent according to claim 17, in which the elastic rings are rigidly fixed to the corresponding working body and rigidly fastened to the wall of the pathogen body from its inner side. 19. The causative agent according to claim 17, in which every two adjacent elastic rings of these elastic rings are separated from each other by a washer. 20. A processing device for processing material, comprising: pathogen according to any one of paragraphs. 1-19, the housing of which is provided with at least one inlet and at least one outlet, and the processing device is configured to feed into the working area through the specified inlet of the specified substance, which is the material being processed, the working bodies are made in such a way that the specified effect on the substance in the working area provides processing of the processed material, and the processing device is further configured to divert the treated material from the working area through the specified outlet. 21. The processing device according to p. 20, which is additionally made with the possibility of supplying a liquid medium to the working area. 22. The processing device according to p. 20 or 21, in which the working bodies have a shape suitable for at least temporarily holding the processed material in the working area. 23. A mixing device for mixing materials, containing: pathogen according to any one of paragraphs. 1-19, the housing of which is provided with at least one inlet and at least one outlet, and the mixing device is configured to feed into the working area through the specified inlet of the specified substance, which is at least one mixed material, the working bodies are made in such a way that the specified effect on the substance in the working area provides mixing of the mixed material or mixed materials, and the mixing device is further configured to discharge the mixed material or mixture of materials from the working area through the specified outlet. 24. A pumping device for pumping a fluid containing: pathogen according to any one of paragraphs. 1-19, in the housing of which at least one inlet is provided, provided with an inlet valve, and at least one outlet, provided with an outlet valve, wherein the pumping device is configured to feed into the working area through the specified inlet of the specified substance, which is the pumped fluid, the working bodies are made in such a way that the specified effect on the substance in the working area provides alternating pressure increase and decrease in the working area, and the pumping device is additionally configured to open and close said valves for supplying said substance, which is pumped fluid, to the working area at reduced pressure therethrough through said inlet and for releasing the fluid from the working area at high pressure therethrough specified outlet. 25. A method of exciting vibrations, according to which: feed the substance into the working area of the pathogen according to any one of paragraphs. 1-19, give, by means of a control circuit, to the electromagnets predetermined current pulses for controlling the operation of the electromagnets in such a way that the forces periodically applied by the electromagnets to the working bodies provide oscillation of the working bodies with a resonant frequency when the working bodies are exposed to the supplied substance.

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