RU2663534C1 - Acoustic construction of building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: acoustics.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to industrial acoustics, particularly, to broadband acoustic suppression, and can be used in all national economy industries as a means of protection from noise. Acoustic structure of the building contains the frame of the workshop, bearing walls with fences in the form of floor and ceiling, which are lined with sound-absorbing structures, window and door openings, as well as piece sound absorbers containing a frame, in which the sound-absorbing material is located and installed above the noisy equipment, the floor is made on an elastic base, the design of the floor on the elastic base contains a mounting plate made of concrete reinforced with vibration damping material, while vibrodamping inserts are installed in the cavities of the base plates of the intermediate floor, each of which is made in the form of a cylinder of rigid vibrodamping material, inside which axisymmetrically and coaxially located elastic core with discs, along the axis of the elastic core, the damping disks are rigidly fixed along the entire length of the cylinder cavity, and the elastic core is made of a combined and consisting of an elastic part in the form of a rod and a damping part made in the form of an outer coaxial shell made of a vibration damping material, damping disks are made of combined and consisting of an elastic part in the form of oppositely fixed on the elastic core disks of solid vibration damping material, made in the form of a disk perforated frame of an elastic material filled with a mesh damping element located between the disks of a solid vibration damping material, and made in the form of a disk of soft vibration damping material, wherein the rigid damping disks are made in the form of a disk perforated frame of elastic material filled with a mesh damping element, the sound absorbers are made spherical, each of which contains sound absorbers of active and reactive types, placed on a rigid frame, which is made in a spherical shape with an internal spherical resonance cavity congruent to the frame, formed by a rigid continuous spherical shell equidistant to the outer perforated spherical shell, while the space between the spherical shells is filled with a sound-absorbing material, and the connection of the outer perforated spherical shell with the object, for example, the ceiling of the production room, is made by means of an elastic damping element, which allows to damp high-frequency oscillations, and hingedly connected to the suspension, made in the form of a rod, one end of which is connected to a hinge mounted on the resilient damping element, and the other is connected to a ring intended to be fixed to the object, the spherical resonant cavity is rigidly connected to at least one sleeve with an axial hole serving as a neck of the Helmholtz resonator, with the outer perforated spherical shell, and the space between them is filled with the sound absorber.EFFECT: technical result is to increase the strength and seismic stability of the building, as well as the effectiveness of noise control.3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to industrial acoustics.

The closest technical solution to the technical nature and the achieved result is the acoustic design according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2490400 [prototype], containing a frame on the ceiling of the building and walls with sound-absorbing lining.

The disadvantage of the technical solution adopted as a prototype is the relatively low noise attenuation efficiency due to the relatively low coefficient of vibration damping of the floor.

The technical result is an increase in the strength and seismic resistance of the building, as well as the effectiveness of sound attenuation.

This is achieved by the fact that in the acoustic structure of the structure containing the workshop frame, bearing walls with fences in the form of floor and ceiling, which are lined with sound-absorbing structures, window and door openings, as well as piece sound absorbers containing a frame in which sound-absorbing material is located, and installed above noisy equipment, and the floor structure is made on an elastic base and contains a mounting plate made of concrete reinforced with vibration damping material, which is mounted on two x, rigidly interconnected, base plates of interfloor overlap of increased strength and seismic resistance with cavities through layers of vibration damping and waterproofing material with a gap relative to the load-bearing walls of the production room, the layers of vibration damping and waterproofing material being made with a flange that is tightly adjacent to the load-bearing wall structures and the base bearing overlapping plates, and between the base plates of the interfloor overlap a layer of vibration damping material is laid, and the cavities of the base plates are staggered and filled with vibration damping material, such as foamed polymer, polyethylene or polypropylene, and the walls are lined with sound-absorbing structures.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the acoustic structure of a structure; FIG. 2 is a section through a floor of a building, in FIG. 3 - vibration damping insert for the cavities 16 and 19 of the floor, in FIG. 4 is a diagram of a piece sound absorber, in FIG. 5 is a diagram of sound-absorbing structures with which load-bearing walls 1-4 are lined.

The acoustic structure of the structure (Fig. 1) contains a workshop frame (not shown in the drawing), window 9 and door 10 openings and load-bearing walls 1, 2, 3, 4 with fences 5, 6 (floor and ceiling), which are lined with sound-absorbing structures, as well as piece sound absorbers 7 and 8, containing a frame in which sound-absorbing material is located, and installed above noisy vibroactive equipment 11. Workshop dimensions: length D, width W, height N.

The floor structure on an elastic base (Fig. 2) contains a mounting plate 12 made of concrete reinforced with vibration damping material, which is installed on two, rigidly interconnected, base plates 15 and 18 of the floor with increased strength and seismic resistance with cavities 16 and 19 respectively layers of vibration damping material 14 and waterproofing material 13 with a gap 17 relative to the bearing walls 1-4 of the production room. In order to ensure effective vibration isolation of the mounting plate 12 in all directions, the layers of the vibration damping material 14 and the waterproofing material 13 are made with a flange that is tightly adjacent to the supporting structures of the walls 1-4 and the base supporting plate 15 of the floor.

To increase the strength and seismic resistance of buildings, as well as the effectiveness of sound insulation and sound absorption in the workshops located under the floor of the cavity, a layer of vibration damping material 20 is laid between the base plates 15 and 18 of the floor, and the cavities 16 and 19 of the base plates 15 and 18 are staggered and are filled with vibration damping material, for example, foamed polymer, polyethylene or polypropylene, and walls 1-4 are lined with sound-absorbing structures.

As sound-absorbing material of sound-absorbing structures, slabs made of rockwool basalt-based mineral wool or URSA-type mineral wool or P-75 basalt wool or glass-wool lining are used, and the sound-absorbing element is acoustically lined over its entire surface transparent material (not shown in the drawing), for example, fiberglass type EZ-100 or polymer type "Poviden."

As a sound-absorbing material, a rigid porous material, for example, foam aluminum, or cermet, or a shell rock with a degree of porosity in the range of optimal values: 30–5% can also be used. As a sound-absorbing material, a material in the form of crumbs from solid vibration-damping materials, for example, elastomer, or polyurethane, or plastic compound can be used, moreover, the size of the fractions of the crumb lies in the optimal range of values: 0.3 ÷ 2.5 mm (not shown in the drawing).

Acoustic construction works as follows.

Sound energy from the equipment 11 located in the room falls on the layers of sound-absorbing material of sound-absorbing structures, which are lined with load-bearing walls 1-4 with fences 5, 6 (floor and ceiling), as well as piece sound absorbers 7 and 8, containing a frame in which sound-absorbing is located material and which are installed above the noisy equipment 11. The transition of sound energy into heat (dissipation, energy dissipation) occurs in the pores of the sound absorber, which are the Helmholtz resonator model, where the energy loss and they occur due to friction, which fluctuates with the excitation frequency, the mass of air located in the resonator neck against the walls of the neck itself, which has the form of a branched network of pores of a sound absorber. The perforation coefficient of the perforated wall is taken to be equal to or more than 0.25. To prevent the eruption of a soft sound absorber, a fiberglass fabric, for example, type EZ-100, is located between the sound absorber and the perforated wall.

When installing vibroactive equipment on plate 12, two-stage vibration protection occurs due to vibration damping inclusions in the mass of plate 12 itself, as well as due to a layer of vibration damping material 14, which can be used as: Vibrosil needle-punched mats based on silica or aluminoborosilicate fiber, material from solid vibration-damping materials, for example plastic compound, from soundproof plates based on glass staple fiber of the “Shumostop” type with a material density of 60 ÷ 80 kg / m ³ . Moreover, needle-punched mats consist of fibers having a diameter not lower than the maximum permissible hygienic value, do not contain carcinogenic asbestos and ceramic fibers, and such harmful binders as phenol are not included in their composition. Therefore, with confidence they can be attributed to the class of heat and sound insulating materials that meet high hygienic and fire safety requirements. At the same time, fiberglass materials have low thermal conductivity, are not influenced by steam, oil, water, and have high temperature stability.

The vibration-damping insert (Fig. 3) for the floors 16 and 19 of the floor is made in the form of a cylinder 21 of a rigid vibration-damping material, inside of which an elastic core 22 is axisymmetrically and coaxially located, along the axis of which the damping disks 23 are rigidly fixed along the entire length of the cavity, while extreme disks are fixed “flush” with a cylinder of vibration-damping material, the ends of which, in turn, are “flush” with the side surfaces of the base plate. The elastic core 22, axisymmetrically and coaxially located inside the cylinder 21 of the vibration damping insert, is made combined and consisting of an elastic part 27 in the form of a rod, and a damping part made in the form of an external coaxial shell 29 of vibration damping material, for example polyurethane. The damping discs 25, rigidly fixed along the entire length of the elastic core 22 of the vibration damping insert, are made combined and consisting of the elastic part in the form of disks opposite to the elastic core 25 made of solid vibration damping material, such as plastic compound such as Agate, Anti-Vibrate, Shvim and a damping part made in the form of a disk 28 of soft vibrodamping material located between the disks of a solid vibrodamping material and made of soft vibrodamping material, For example sponge rubber, non-woven vibration-damping material, polyurethane. Damping discs 25 and 26, rigidly fixed along the entire length of the elastic core 22, are arranged alternating between hard 26 and combined 25 discs. It is possible that hard damping disks 26, fixed along the entire length of the elastic core 22 and arranged alternating with combined 25 disks, are made in the form of a disk perforated frame 30 of elastic material filled with a mesh damping element. The density of the mesh structure of the mesh damping element of the disk perforated frame of the hard damping disks 26 filled with the mesh damping element is in the optimal range of values: 1.2 g / cm ³ ÷ 2.0 g / cm ³ , and the wire material of the elastic mesh elements is steel grade EI-708, and its diameter is in the optimal range of 0.09 mm ÷ 0.15 mm, while the mesh damping element is filled with an elastomer, for example polyurethane. Vibration damping insert works as follows.

The transition of sound energy into thermal energy (dissipation, energy dissipation) occurs in the pores of sound-absorbing material, which is a Helmholtz resonator model, where energy losses occur due to friction of the mass of air in the resonator neck oscillating with the excitation frequency against the walls of the mouth itself, having the form branched pore network of sound-absorbing material. Moreover, needle-punched mats consist of fibers having a diameter not lower than the maximum permissible hygienic value, do not contain carcinogenic asbestos and ceramic fibers, and such harmful binders as phenol are not included in their composition. Therefore, with confidence they can be attributed to the class of heat and sound insulating materials that meet high hygienic and fire safety requirements. We add that fiberglass materials have low thermal conductivity, are not influenced by steam, oil, water, and have high temperature stability.

In FIG. 4 is a diagram of a variant of a sound absorber over the noisiest technological equipment, made in the form of a spherical sound absorber.

The spherical sound absorber contains a rigid frame made of a spherical shape with an internal congruent frame of a spherical resonant cavity 38 formed by a rigid continuous spherical shell 36, an equidistant external perforated spherical shell 34. The space 37 between the spherical shells 34 and 36 is filled with sound-absorbing outer material, and the connection spherical shell 34 with an object, such as the ceiling of a production room, is made by means of an elastic damping element 35, which allows damping high-frequency vibrations, and pivotally connected to a suspension 32 made in the form of a rod, one end of which is connected to a hinge 33 mounted on an elastic-damping element 5, and the other is connected to a ring 31 intended for its fixation on the object.

The spherical resonance cavity 38 is rigidly connected, with at least one sleeve 39, to an axial bore, which serves as the neck of the Helmholtz resonator, with an external perforated spherical shell 34, and the space 37 between them is filled with a sound absorber.

In FIG. 5 shows a variant of the design of sound-absorbing structures with which load-bearing walls 1-4 are lined.

The sound-absorbing cladding is made in the form of a rigid wall 1 and a perforated wall 2, between which there is a two-layer combined sound-absorbing element, the layer 3 adjacent to the rigid wall 1 is made sound-absorbing, and the layer 4 adjacent to the perforated wall is made with a perforation 5 of sound-reflecting material, complex profile, consisting of evenly distributed hollow tetrahedra, allowing to reflect sound waves incident in all directions. Perforated wall 2 has the following perforation parameters: diameter of holes 3 ÷ 7 mm, percentage of perforation 10% ÷ 15%, and the shape of the holes can be made in the form of holes of round, triangular, square, rectangular or diamond-shaped profile, while in the case of non-circular holes as the conditional diameter should be considered the maximum diameter of the circle inscribed in the polygon. In this case, the sound-absorbing layer 3 is placed in an acoustically transparent material, for example, fiberglass type EZ-100, or a polymer of the type "Poviden", or non-woven material, for example, "Lutrasil".

Each of walls 1 and 2 can be made of structural materials, with a layer of soft vibration-damping material, for example, VD-17 mastic or “Gerlen-D” type material, applied on one or two sides of the material, and the ratio between the thicknesses of the material and vibration-damping coating lies in the optimal range of values: 1 / (2.5 ... 3.5).

Each of walls 1 and 2 can be made of solid, decorative vibration damping materials, for example, plastic compounds such as Agate, Anti-Vibrate, and Shvim.

As the material of the sound-reflecting layer 4, a material based on aluminum-containing alloys can be used, followed by filling them with titanium hydride or air with a density in the range of 0.5 ... 0.9 kg / m ³ with the following strength properties: compressive strength in the range of 5 ... 10 MPa, bending strength in the range of 10 ... 20 MPa, for example foam aluminum, or soundproof boards based on glass staple fiber of the Shumostop type with a material density of 60 ÷ 80 kg / m ^{3 were used} .

As the sound-absorbing material of layer 3, rockwool-type mineral wool or URSA-type mineral wool, or P-75-type basalt wool or glass wool lined with glass wool, or foamed polymer, such as polyethylene or polypropylene can be used. Moreover, the sound-absorbing material over its entire surface is lined with an acoustically transparent material, for example, EZ-100 fiberglass or Poviden polymer, or the surface of the fibrous sound absorbers is treated with special porous paints that allow air to pass through (for example, Acutex T) or coated with breathable fabrics or non-woven materials, e.g. Lutrasil.

In addition, as the sound-absorbing material of layer 3, a porous sound-absorbing material, for example, foam aluminum, or cermets, or a rock shell with a degree of porosity in the range of optimal values: 30–45%, or metal foam, or a pressed material can be used crumbs from solid vibration-damping materials, such as elastomer, polyurethane, or plastic compound such as Agate, Anti-Vibrate, Shvim, and the size of the fractions of the crumb lies in the optimal range of values: 0.3 ... 2.5 mm, and could also porous mineral piece materials were used, for example, pumice, vermiculite, kaolin, slag with cement or other binder, or synthetic fibers, while the surface of the fibrous sound absorbers is treated with special porous airborne paints, for example, Acutex T type, or coated with breathable fabrics or non-woven materials e.g. Lutrasil.

As a sound-reflecting material, a material based on a magnesian binder with a reinforcing fiberglass or fiberglass was used.

Polyester is used as a sound-absorbing material.

As a sound-absorbing material, a porous fibrous or foamy sound-absorbing material is used, which is made on the basis of basalt or glass fibers, or open-cell polyurethane foam with a protective sound-transparent sheath made of thin fiberglass or aluminized lavsan film.

Claims (3)

1. The acoustic structure of the structure, containing the workshop frame, bearing walls with fences in the form of floor and ceiling, which are lined with sound-absorbing structures, window and door openings, as well as piece sound absorbers containing a frame in which sound-absorbing material is located and installed above noisy equipment, the floor is made on an elastic base, the floor structure on an elastic base contains a mounting plate made of concrete reinforced with vibration damping material, which is installed on two tightly interconnected, base plates of interfloor overlap of increased strength and seismic resistance with cavities through layers of vibration damping and waterproofing material with a gap relative to the bearing walls of the production room, and layers of vibration damping and waterproofing material are made with a flange that is tightly adjacent to the bearing wall structures and base bearing floor slabs , a layer of vibration-damping material is laid between the base plates of the interfloor overlap, and the cavities of the base plates are arranged laid in a checkerboard pattern and filled with vibration damping material, for example, foamed polymer, polyethylene or polypropylene, the walls are lined with sound-absorbing structures, characterized in that vibration damping inserts are installed in the cavities of the base plates of the floor, each of which is made in the form of a cylinder made of hard vibration damping material, inside of which an elastic core with discs is located axisymmetrically and coaxially, along the axis of the elastic core are rigidly fixed along the entire length of the cavity cylinder damping disks, while the extreme disks are fixed “flush” with a cylinder of vibration damping material, the ends of which, in turn, are “flush” with the side surfaces of the base plate of the floor, and the intermediate damping disks are evenly spaced with a step not exceeding the inner diameter cylinder, and the elastic core, axisymmetrically and coaxially located inside the cylinder of the vibration damping insert, is made combined and consisting of an elastic part in the form of a rod, and a damper a component made in the form of an external coaxial shell of vibration-damping material, for example polyurethane, and damping disks rigidly fixed along the entire length of the elastic core are made combined and consisting of an elastic part in the form of disks opposite to the elastic core made of a solid vibration-damping material, for example plastic compound such as "Agate", "Anti-Vibrate", "Shvim", made in the form of a disk perforated frame of elastic material filled with a mesh damping element, position wedged between disks of solid vibrodamping material, and made in the form of a disk of soft vibrodamping material, for example sponge rubber, non-woven vibrodamping material, polyurethane, while the hard damping disks are made in the form of a disk perforated frame of elastic material filled with a mesh damping element, sound absorbers are made spherical, each of which contains active and reactive types of sound absorbers placed on a rigid frame; the flax is spherical in shape with an internal congruent skeleton of a spherical resonant cavity formed by a rigid continuous spherical shell, an equidistant external perforated spherical shell, the space between the spherical shells is filled with sound-absorbing material, and the connection of the external perforated spherical shell with an object, for example, the ceiling of an industrial building, is made element that allows you to damp high-frequency vibrations, and articulated connected to a suspension made in the form of a rod, one end of which is connected to a hinge mounted on an elastic damping element, and the other is connected to a ring designed to fix it on an object, a spherical resonant cavity is rigidly connected to at least one sleeve with an axial hole, performing the function of the neck of the Helmholtz resonator, with an external perforated spherical shell, and the space between them is filled with a sound absorber. 2. The acoustic structure of the structure according to claim 1, characterized in that in the vibration damping insert the density of the mesh structure of the mesh damping element of the disk perforated frame of the hard damping disks filled with the mesh damping element is in the optimal range of values: 1.2 g / cm ³ ÷ 2 , 0 g / cm ³ , and the material of the wire of the elastic mesh elements is steel EI-708, and its diameter is in the optimal range of 0.09 mm ÷ 0.15 mm, while the mesh damping element is filled with an elastomer, for example EP polyurethane. 3. The acoustic structure of the structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the sound-absorbing structures that are facing the bearing walls are made in the form of rigid and perforated walls, between which there is a multilayer sound-absorbing element, the multilayer sound-absorbing element is made in the form of two layers, one of which adjacent to the rigid wall is sound-absorbing, and the other adjacent to the perforated wall is made of sound-reflecting material of a complex profile, consisting of uniformly distributed busbars of thin tetrahedra, allowing to reflect sound waves incident in all directions, each of the perforated walls has the following perforation parameters: hole diameter 3 ÷ 7 mm, perforation percentage 10% ÷ 15%, and the shape of the holes can be made in the form of round, triangular square, rectangular or rhomboid profile, while in the case of non-circular holes, the conditional diameter should be considered the maximum diameter of the circle inscribed in the polygon, and as sound-absorbing material, use slabs of mineral wool based on rockwool basalt type, or URSA type mineral wool, or P-75 basalt wool, or glass wool lined with glass wool, and the sound-absorbing element is lined with an acoustically transparent material over its entire surface, such as fiberglass type EZ-100 or a polymer of the “Poviden” type, as a sound-absorbing material, a porous sound-absorbing material, for example, foam aluminum, or cermets, or a shell rock, with a degree of porosity located in the range of optimal values: 30–45%, or metal foam, or a material in the form of pressed crumbs from solid vibration-damping materials, for example elastomer, polyurethane, or plastic compound like “Agate”, “Anti-vibration”, “Shvim”, and the size of the fractions of the crumb lies in optimal range of values: 0.3 ... 2.5 mm, and porous mineral piece materials, for example pumice, vermiculite, kaolin, slag with cement or other binder, or synthetic fibers can be used, while the surface of the fibrous absorbers is processed with special porous paints that allow air to pass through, for example, Acutex T, or are coated with breathable fabrics or non-woven materials, such as Lutrasil, and material based on aluminum-containing alloys is used as a sound-reflecting material, followed by filling them with titanium hydride or air with a density within 0.5 ... 0.9 kg / m ³ with the following strength properties: compressive strength in the range of 5 ... 10 MPa, bending strength in the range of 10 ... 20 MPa, for example foam aluminum, or soundproofing boards based on glass a staple fiber of the Shumostop type with a material density of 60 ÷ 80 kg / m ³ , and a material based on a magnesian binder with a reinforcing fiberglass or fiberglass is used as a sound-reflecting material, the layer adjacent to the perforated wall is made with perforation of a sound-reflecting material, complex profile consisting of evenly distributed hollow tetrahedra.

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