RU2656774C1 - Grate plate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacturing technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to grate plate furnace structures and can be used as a domestic combustion chamber for combustion, for example, coal and anthracite. Grate plate includes wind blasts and at least one shaking element, wherein the shaking member is configured to pass through the blast grilles of the grate and the fuel layer in the upward direction, to clean the blowing gaps, to shuffle the fuel layer, and to push up the sintered slag pieces to the top. At least one shaking element is arranged to move it along or across the grate plate at the time of its exit from the fuel layer and the blowing slots and positioning it in a new location. At least one shaking element is configured to either change the angle of inclination or bend.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of combustion of fuel.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the construction of furnace devices with grates and can be used as a household furnace for burning, for example, coal and anthracite.

State of the art

Grate grates are known (see USSR author's certificate No. 653484, IPC: F23H 15/00, 1977) containing baking powder in the form of plates that are connected to the mechanism of their operation under the grate. When loosening, these plates rise above the grid-irons and reciprocating movements in the thickness of household garbage, rags and wastes rake it to a great height.

When turning lump fuel in this way, a decrease in the fuel level above the axis of the plates and an increase in the fuel level at the extreme points of the trajectory of the plates will appear in its layer. Such tedding will lead to an uneven flow of air through the fuel layer and its uneven combustion.

Description and criticism of the prototype

Known grate with a screwing bar and treatment discs for cleaning the blast slots of a fixed grate (see USSR author's certificate No. 1601458, IPC: F23H15 / 00, 1988). The work shows the unreliability of the screwing bar: “In many cases, when working on fossil fuels, viscous slag is obtained, as a result of which the screwing bar cannot provide the proper movement of the layer.” In the same place: “... the following shortcomings are also inherent: a) unreliability in work due to the rapid wear of the drive elements of the screwing bar; b) thermal cyclicity caused by the fact that a rustling bar with step and zigzag patterns of movement enters the layer and replenishes with fresh fuel relatively rarely; c) the difficulty of regulation due to the periodic and variable movement of the bar (requires an eye assessment of the burning process by the stoker); d) strong smoke generation and significant chemical burning, which is associated with thermal cyclicity; e) the removal of a significant amount of fuel to the outside by the drive organs of the screwing bar. ” Also, the screwing bar loosens only the lower layer of fuel adjacent to the grates, and the upper layer remains without loosening (see "Mechanical furnaces for boilers of small and medium power." Nechaev EV, Lubnin AF L.: "Energy" , 1968, 311 p., P. 32).

Cleaning disks clean only blast slots from slag, while slag from fuel combustion is also formed in its burning layer, having a thickness of 70 to 200 mm (see "Boiler installations", Roddatis KF M .: "Energy", 1977 city, 432 pp., p. 120), clogs the air intake channels that are between the pieces of fuel. The sizes of the pieces of fuel most commonly used for domestic purposes are: nut 26-50 mm; small 13-25 mm, seed 6-12 mm. The space between pieces of fuel of this size is freely filled with particles of slag and ash, which reach a pulverized size.

In the work "Boiler plants of industrial enterprises" (see. "Boiler plants of industrial enterprises". Sidelkovsky LN, Yurenev VN, M .: "Energoatomizdat", 1988, 528 p., P. 484) slag sizes and ashes are defined as follows: “More than 50% of the slag has dimensions greater than 3 mm. The bulk of the ash (up to 85%) consists of particles with a size of 0.01-0.5 mm

The origin of the slag in the work "Boiler plants" (see "Boiler plants", Roddatis KF M .: "Energy", 1977, 432 S., p. 19) is described as follows: "Ash that has passed the melting stage and high temperatures at which it partially decomposes and turns into a fused or sintered mass, called slag. "

Thus, the slag and ash in their sizes fill the channels of air movement and interfere with traction.

But the greatest harm to burning caused by ash is described in the work "Mechanical furnaces for boilers of small and medium power." Nechaev EV, Lubnin AF, L .: “Energy”, 1968, 311 pp., P. 211: “The most unpleasant is ash, which enters the structure of coal, as it prevents carbon burnout, creating melted or loose shells on fuel particles. "

The main purpose of lapping, or loosening, is precisely to free the channels of air movement from ash with slag and to destroy the fused or loose shells of solid fuel particles and, thus, to maintain the burning of lump fuel.

It is precisely this task that the grate with the screwing bar and cleaning discs cannot fully fulfill.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the efficiency of fuel combustion.

The technical result is achieved in that the grate is provided with at least one vertical screwing element, made with the possibility of passing through the blast slots of the grate and the fuel layer in the direction from the bottom up. At the same time, at least one shuruyuschey element is configured to change the angle of inclination. In this case, the grate is made with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination. At the same time, the screwing element is made with the possibility of cleaning the pieces of fuel from the slag formed on their surface during combustion. In this case, the screwing element is configured to clean the blast gaps of the grate. In this case, the screwing element is made with the possibility of pushing up the sintered pieces of slag.

Brief Description of the Drawings

FIG. 1 is a general schematic view of the claimed invention.

The implementation of the invention

A grate with a vertical screwing element is proposed, which can be used in household automatic furnaces for burning solid fuels, mainly coal and anthracite.

The furnace consists of a fixed grate 1, a heat exchanger 2, a fuel hopper 3, a coal dispenser 4, at least one screwing element 5, made, for example, in the form of a rod or plate, a drive mechanism 6, a small slag collector 7 and a large collector 8 slag.

The operation of the furnace is shown in FIG. 1. On the fixed grate 1 there is fuel, while the grate is configured to change the angle of inclination, which is selected based on specific conditions. The dispenser 4 supplies fuel, the screwing element 5, from below, through the slots in the grate, passes through the entire layer of fuel. One of its upper positions is position 5, one of its lower positions is 5a. The shuruyu element after its descent down moves a small distance along or across the grate so as to be under the slot of the grate in a new place and again pass through the fuel layer, loosening it. Thus, the screwing element constantly or with small interruptions makes passages for air movement in the fuel layer, piercing the fuel through from bottom to top, loosens it, pushes up sintered large pieces of slag, cleans the blast slots of the grate, cleans pieces of fuel from slag formed on their surface . Fine slag during shurovka wakes down into the collector 7 through the grate. Large sintered pieces of slag gradually move to the edge of the grate and fall into collector 8. This cycle is repeated constantly.

During operation of the dispenser 4 and the screwing element 5, the shape of the fuel layer takes the following form. In zone 11, the fuel dries up and heats up, burns in zone 10, and cooling slag is located in zone 9. The fuel particles constantly move from the drying and heating zone 11 through the combustion zone 10 to the slag cooling zone 9, pushed by new fuel from the dispenser and moved by the fins of element 5.

The screwing element can be made with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination of the screwing element and with the possibility of bending. Position 12 of the screwing element with a tilt or bend towards the dispenser provides an increase in the speed of fuel movement along the grate, and position 13 of the screwing element with a tilt or bend to the side of the dispenser slows down the movement of fuel. The screwing element can be made in the form of, for example, a screwing plate of different widths and thicknesses with different shapes of the upper edge. The configuration of the screwing element is selected depending on the natural rate of combustion of the fuel and the required rate of combustion.

Claims (4)

1. Grate, having blast slots and at least one blasting element, characterized in that the at least one blasting element is configured to pass through the blast slots of the grill and the fuel layer from the bottom up, cleaning blast slots, layer lining fuel and pushing up the caked pieces of slag. 2. The grate according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one screwing element is arranged to move it along or across the grate at the moment of its exit from the fuel layer and blast slots and its location in a new place to clean the entire grate grids and linings of the entire area of the fuel layer 3. The grate according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one screwing element is configured to change the angle of inclination. 4. The grate according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one screwing element is made with the possibility of bending.

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