RU2656458C1 - Trap for harmful evaporations and fumes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: trap for harmful evaporations and fumes refers to engineering, in particular to a mechanical device that protects the environment and personnel, for example, the service points/places of loading or picking up fuel for automobile and other engines using gasoline, diesel fuel, etc. It can be car service stations, points of filling fuel into tanks or draining it from them, places of filling fuel into fuel cans, etc. Similarly, invention allows you to separate other bad-smelling substances from inhaling them by humans and/or getting them into the atmosphere. Trap for harmful evaporations and fumes contains a reservoir in which the carcinogenic environment is in gas form and/or evaporation. Trap contains a system of two communicating vessels/receptacles/reservoirs. Inside the vessels/receptacles/reservoirs, thin, gas-tight, and impervious to liquid and media-resistant films with valves are tightly attached at their top along the perimeter. Films form technically "bags" that do not reach the bottom of the system. Above, the two communicating parts of the system are tightly closed with covers that have in the upper parts of the opening for possible movement of clean air. Supply of harmful gases or liquids is carried out under the film. Invention makes it possible to fully protect the habitat from the intrusion of unwanted gases and/or evaporations into it and into the human body. At the same time, the design of a mechanical system for trapping gases and/or evaporations that are undesirable for the environment and humans has been greatly simplified.

EFFECT: additional positive effects from the introduction of this development are the following: the probability of ozone hole formation decreases; greenhouse effect is prevented; proposed technical solution is simple in execution and cheap; ecology of the environment is significantly improved; retains a healthy air environment for personnel work.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to a mechanical device that protects the environment and personnel, for example, serving points / places for loading or taking fuel for automobile and other engines using gasoline, diesel fuel, etc. It can be car service stations, filling points fuel into the tanks or pouring it out of them, fuel filling places in cans, etc. Similarly, the development allows one to separate other foul-smelling substances from inhalation by a person and / or their ingress into the atmosphere.

The main disadvantage of the existing technological process of loading or taking liquid fuel or storing badly smelling substances / compositions is the volatility of a carcinogenic product into the atmosphere, environmental pollution and harm to the human body, in particular. Similarly, we have processes with toxic or foul-smelling artificial or natural vaporizing gases.

There are various devices using filters and methods for neutralizing toxic gases or fumes, which do not guarantee a high degree of protection of the environment (air) and people. For example. Filtering non-woven material (patent RU 2166016), which is used for the manufacture of filtering elements of gas collecting units. The technical result is an increase in the protective properties of the material for acid gases. The effect is not universal, since the chemical composition of the emitted elements into the atmosphere is extremely different. There are similar disadvantages in patents (RU 2161217) with the same name and class D04H 13; according to the patent (RU 2205256) - Non-woven material. In addition, such materials are short-lived and quickly polluted by emissions.

The PLAZKAT-aero air purification unit performs gas purification and deodorization of indoor air. Plasma-catalytic technology is based on two methods of decomposition of gaseous pollutants into elementary compounds: plasma-chemical and catalytic. As a result of their complex effect, organic substances consisting of a set of atoms of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon are converted into completely harmless compounds - carbon dioxide and water, which are released in gaseous form.

The absorption method is also used, which consists in dividing the gas-air mixture into its constituent parts by absorbing one or more gas components of this mixture with an absorber (called an absorbent) to form a solution. The absorbed liquid (absorbent) is selected from the condition of solubility of the absorbed gas in it, the temperature and the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid.

The absorption and chemisorption methods used to clean industrial emissions are called wet methods. The advantage of absorption methods is the ability to clean large quantities of gases and the implementation of continuous technological processes. The main disadvantage of wet methods is that before cleaning and after its implementation, the temperature of the gases greatly decreases, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the efficiency of dispersion of residual gases in the atmosphere.

The adsorption method is based on the physical properties of some solids with ultramicroscopic porosity to selectively extract and concentrate individual components from the gas mixture on its surface. Simple and complex oxides (activated alumina, silica gel, activated alumina, synthetic zeolites or molecular sieves), which have a higher selectivity than activated carbons, are also used as adsorbents. However, they cannot be used to clean very humid gases.

Some adsorbents are sometimes impregnated with appropriate reagents that increase the efficiency of adsorption, since chemisorption occurs on the surface of the adsorbent. The catalytic method converts toxic components of industrial emissions into substances that are harmless or less harmful to the environment.

The listed cleaning methods are not comprehensively universal, since they cannot simultaneously completely purify gases at different volumes of gas emissions, at different temperatures and chemical and dust compositions, preventing the appearance of ozone holes, greenhouse effects, etc. Similarly, this is confirmed by US patents No. 4933159, 1990 ; No. 5096681, 1992; No. 5085844, 1992; No. 4971608, 1990 and Russia No. 2170134, 2000; No. 2170133, 2000.

Patent RU No. 159648 dated 06/25/2015 - Multiblock device for purification of exhaust gases of a marine engine - Authors: Turkin A.V. etc. The device contains gas, ozone and flushing collectors, and the perforated baskets are filled with pumice granules.

Patent RU No. 2536749 dated 04/15/2013 - Integrated device for cleaning the exhaust gases of a marine engine - Authors: Turkin A.V. and others. There are filter inserts, perforated walls, sections with rinse water distributors.

As a prototype, we use the method of complex cleaning of the air basin from industrial emissions from pipes of industrial enterprises (patent No. 2604816 of the Russian Federation of November 22, 2016). The essence of the implementation is that any gases from any source of their appearance are sent to the water tank / pool without entering the environment. However, those chemical elements or components that do not react with water or do not form floating or sinking compounds can enter the atmosphere, which is a disadvantage of the known method.

The technical goal of this development is to create a trap of harmful fumes and odors for the most complete protection of the air basin from gases, such as automobiles and other vehicles using different engines with an engine / motor. Although a similar goal is consistent with protection from any other cases of hazardous to health or foul-smelling substances and gases.

The technical result is achieved by directing gases or any unwanted vapors into a system consisting of two communicating vessels / reservoirs / containers containing thin gas-tight films inside, resistant to aggressive liquids and media and tightly attached to the upper parts inside the vessels / reservoirs / containers around the perimeter that in appearance form “bags” inserted into the system. Therefore, aggressive media, vapors or unpleasant fumes or substances end up in a completely sealed enclosed space.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by the scheme, where the external view shows the layout of the developed trap (Fig. 1) and its section (Fig. 2). The presence of valves on thin films for a possible periodic removal and the traditional method of destruction of accumulated undesirable gases / fumes under them (for example, by burning them, etc.) is not shown.

It is clear that in order to fully protect people and the environment from harmful fumes and unpleasant odors, you need to have a sealed system. There are two different-sized reservoirs (for example, two communicating vessels in the form of cylinders), inside which there is a thin gas-tight and gas-resistant film, which ensure absolute protection of the person and the environment from the above harmful and unpleasant effects. At the same time, each has an exhaust valve to which either a gas outlet hose can be connected to the outside to completely eliminate gas or odor in any standard way (for example, pumping into a cylinder / tank, burning it, chemical degassing, etc.).

Figure 1 shows the general structural layout of the system, containing, for example, a pump for filling the main vessel, tank / container, say, with gasoline, a pipe connecting with a valve, a common pipe that forms a U-shaped communicating system with two tanks with different volumes.

Figure 2 shows a section of a trap where the following numerical designations are introduced:

1 - pump; 2 - valve; 3 - connecting pipe with valve; 4 - the main reservoir for a foul or harmful smelling environment (gasoline, kerosene, oil, rot, etc.); 5 and 12 - thin films are gas-tight and resistant to aggressive environments (valves are not shown on them); 6 and 13 - flanges; 7 and 14 - connecting fasteners; 8 - the main cover; 9 and 16 - holes; 10 - connecting pipe; 11 - auxiliary tank associated with the main tank 4 pipe 10; 15 - auxiliary cover.

In statics, the trap is prepared for work when thin gas-tight and resistant to aggressive liquids / media films 5 and 12 are already placed inside the main tank 4 and into the auxiliary tank 11 inside them (attached or glued around the circumference in the upper parts of the tanks). the reservoirs are hermetically attached to the lid of the main 8 and auxiliary 15, having openings 9 and 16. Further, the pump 1 can pump, for example, fuel into the main tank 11.

Work traps harmful fumes and odors. By pumping, for example, fuel with pump 1 into the main tank 4 (usually opaque), its level will be visible in the auxiliary tank 11 as in a communicating transparent vessel. In this case, both thin films will begin to rise in both tanks, squeezing up clean air through openings 9 and 16 in the lids 8 and 15. In this case, no fumes or odors will enter the air (into the environment). As the main tank 4 is emptied, the level in it and in the auxiliary tank 11 will drop. At the same time, both thin films 5 and 12 will be lowered, allowing clean air to penetrate into the tanks through openings 9 and 16 in the lids 8 and 15.

Thus, the process of trapping possible vapors and odors is absolutely airtight and nothing will get into the environment. If necessary, if carcinogenic fumes or unpleasant odors accumulate under the films, they can be periodically removed through the valves provided for in the film design to completely eliminate gases / fumes.

Claims (1)

Trap of harmful fumes and odors, containing a reservoir in which the carcinogenic medium in the form of gas and / or vapor is located, characterized in that in order to protect the living environment as much as possible from unwanted gases and / or fumes entering into it and the human body, in particular contains a system of two vessels / containers / tanks interconnected with each other, inside which thin gas-tight and resistant to valve fluids, tightly fastened to aggressive liquids and media, tightly attached films around the perimeter, forming daily and “bags” that do not reach the bottom of the system, and on top both communicating parts of the system are tightly closed with lids that have openings in the upper parts for the possible movement of clean air, while harmful gases or liquids are supplied under the films.

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