RU2654391C2 - Method for processing fibre material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: methods of processing fibre material.

SUBSTANCE: according to one exemplary embodiment, the invention relates to method (100) for processing a fibre material, comprising refining (130, 140) the fibre material, which is used in the manufacture of a fibrous product and which contains fibres, for promoting its pulping and/or chemical treatment. In the method, fibre material refining (130) is conducted as compression refining performed by using a vibrating crusher.

EFFECT: facilitating the formation of pulp and/or chemical treatment.

4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to a method for processing fibrous material.

State of the art

Fibrous wood pulp and wood chips are usually crushed using knife choppers to separate the fibers and bring them to a state that is optimal from the point of view of the product to be made from these fibers, as well as from the point of view of the technological process. Grinding is an extremely important step in the manufacturing process of fibrous products. Shredding is characterized by significant energy costs, as well as the deterioration of certain properties of the fibers and products made from them, for example, a decrease in the fiber content, as well as a decrease in dehydration, tensile strength and decrease in paper thickness. Modern grinding technology is still far from a theoretical optimum in terms of energy consumption and quality characteristics.

Compression grinding used for fibrous material has been the subject of several previous studies regarding the grinding of chemical wood pulp, and prototypes of machines have been created for these studies, but the prototypes mentioned are unsuitable for use in the process. The use of compression grinding for treating mechanical pulp is disclosed, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 5,540,392 and US 7,758,720 B2, however, these solutions provide for the use of screw-type compression equipment.

Disclosure of invention

One object of the invention is to improve the processing of fibrous material from the point of view of reducing the energy required for the formation of pulp and the formation of fibers, as well as improving the properties of the fibers.

This objective of the invention is solved by a method in accordance with paragraph 1 of the claims, a vibration crusher in accordance with paragraph 4 of the formula, and the use of a vibration crusher in accordance with paragraph 5 of the formula.

A method of processing fibrous material according to one embodiment of the invention comprises grinding the fibrous material used in the manufacture of the fibrous product and containing fibers to facilitate the formation of pulp from it and / or its chemical treatment. In the aforementioned method, the grinding of fibrous material is performed as compression grinding carried out by means of a vibratory crusher.

The term “fibrous material” is used, for example, in relation to wood chips used as raw materials in the manufacture of paper and / or cardboard, and / or mechanical, chemical-mechanical or chemical (cellulose) wood pulp obtained from an organic material containing fibers. The fibrous material contains wood-based and / or non-wood based material, for example, material such as cane or straw, for example, bamboo and / or cotton.

The term "fiber product" is used, for example, in relation to paper, cardboard, and also a composite material containing micro and / or nanocellulose. In addition, the biofuel made from a material based on lignocellulose may be a fibrous product.

The term “pulp formation” is used, for example, to refer to the separation of the fibrous material into bundles of fibers consisting of fibers in contact with each other and / or into individual fibers.

The term "chemical treatment" is used, for example, in relation to chemical treatment methods intended for the delignification of a material, for example, sulfate and / or sulfite cooking, oxygen bleaching, acid and alkaline treatment used in the production of semi-chemical wood pulps. In addition, chemical treatment relates, for example, to chemical treatment methods for bleaching fibrous material, for example, to bleaching based on peroxide, dithionite and / or chlorine. The term also refers, for example, to chemical treatment methods such as processing using the TEMPO chemical and enzymatic processing methods used in the production of micro- or nanocellulose.

The term “compression shredding” is used, for example, to treat wood chips and / or fibers by compressing the fibrous material, which contributes to the formation of pulp from the fibrous material and / or to increase internal fibrillation and the ability to modify fibers.

The term "vibratory crusher" is used, for example, in relation to a vibratory crusher or vibratory mill, in which compression is usually used to grind, for example, aggregated material by means of a crushing cone present in the crushing chamber (zone). In the process of grinding the aggregated material, it is transported to the crushing chamber, where it falls into the limited space between the crushing cone and the wall of the crushing chamber, as a result of which the crushed aggregated material is crushed into small pieces, turning into gravel or stone dust.

In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a vibratory crusher for treating fibrous material is provided with a crushing chamber that comprises feed elements comprising at least one inlet, discharge elements comprising at least one outlet, and at least one crushing cone or grinder installed in the crushing chamber and configured to press the fibrous material against at least one inner surface of the crushing chamber the said feed elements are configured to feed into the crushing chamber the fibrous material to be crushed by compression, and said discharge elements are configured to move fibrous material crushed by compression from the crushing chamber. The vibratory crusher is made with the possibility of grinding by compressing the fibrous material, which is used to produce the fibrous product and which contains fibers, to facilitate the formation of pulp from it and / or its chemical treatment.

When using a vibratory crusher to process fibrous material in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, said vibratory crusher is used to grind by compressing the fibrous material, which is used in the manufacture of the fibrous product and which contains fibers, to facilitate the formation of fibrous mass and / or it chemical treatment. The vibratory crusher is equipped with a crushing chamber, which contains feed elements containing at least one inlet, discharge elements containing at least one outlet, and at least one crushing cone (grinder) mounted in the crushing chamber and made with the possibility of pressing fibrous material to at least one inner surface of the crushing chamber, said feed elements being configured to feed fibrous material into the crushing chamber It is crushed by compression, and said discharge elements are arranged to move fibrous material crushed by compression from the crushing chamber.

Other embodiments of the invention are presented in the dependent claims.

The method in accordance with embodiments of the invention, intended for pretreatment of the fibrous material, provides faster grinding of the fibrous material, saving energy spent on the entire grinding process, and / or improving and regulating a wider range with respect to the technical properties of paper fibers, in comparison with grinding by cutting without pre-treatment. In some cases, proper processing can be achieved by crushing alone, without the use of crushing by cutting.

The energy cost savings achieved by implementing the method in accordance with embodiments of the invention are significant, since when grinding by compression, the number of impacts obtained by the fibrous material is less, but the force of the individual impacts is usually higher compared to conventional grinding. Thus, for example, the number of plastic deformations increases with respect to the number of elastic deformations, and therefore the amount of energy required to change the state of the material decreases. In addition, a very small amount of energy is required to move the material involved in grinding through a vibratory crusher, and the movement can occur, for example, under the influence of gravity. Taking into account the production capacities of the paper and / or wood pulp mill, this provides significant energy savings in the cost of pumping.

Brief Description of the Drawings

A detailed description of the drawings relates, in particular, to examples of embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

- in FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for processing fibrous material;

- in FIG. 2a-2d show the principle of crushing by compression and its effect on the properties of the fibrous material; and

- in FIG. 3 shows the functional modules of a vibratory crusher with which the aforementioned method is implemented.

The implementation of the invention

In FIG. 1 shows a method 100 for treating a fibrous material, for example, wood chips or pulp, that is, pulp used in the manufacture of a fibrous product, for example paper or paperboard, in which said fibrous material is pulverized to facilitate the formation of fibrous mass and / or chemical treatment.

The initial step 102 includes ensuring the availability of raw materials for wood pulp, the launch of machinery and equipment necessary for the production, processing and movement of wood pulp.

When used as raw materials, for example, birch, spruce or pine, step 110 comprises the production of wood chips or wood pulp containing wood fibers that are separate fibers or are in contact with each other.

In the case of using the so-called non-dried flowing wood pulp, the produced wood pulp is moved by pumping it at step 120, for example, through a specialized pipeline to the paper and / or wood pulp plant, directly into the chopper tank, to wait for grinding. Alternatively, in case the produced wood pulp is dried to produce baled wood pulp for transportation and / or storage, the dried baled wood pulp is transported to a paper and paperboard plant using a wood pulverizer to grind the baled wood pulp by water to create a flowing wood pulp of a uniform consistency, which can be pumped through the piping systems of the installation into the grinder tank.

At step 130, the pulp is milled in the form of compression milling, which is performed using at least one corresponding vibratory crusher integrated in the plant's wood pulp processing line.

In FIG. Figures 2a and 2b show the principle of compression grinding, which can be used as a single grinding of fibrous material or can optionally be performed as a pre-treatment before conventional grinding. During compression grinding, the fibrous material 250 is compressed as shown in FIG. 2a, between two cylindrical surfaces by means of a suitable vibratory crusher 200, the fibrous material entering through the inlet 210 being compressed between the inner walls 222a, 222b of the crushing chamber 220, and the crushing cone or shredder 230 is moved into the crushing chamber 220, resulting in wood fibers 250, used as fibrous material, are primarily subjected to compressive forces acting in cross section on the fibers, as indicated by arrows in the left and middle images in FIG. 2b. In a longitudinal view 260 of a fragment of fiber 250 at point B shown in the middle image in FIG. 2b, there is shown a fibrous structure in which hemicellulose 262 is present in the cell wall between microfibrils 264, providing the adhesive structure between the fibrils 264 for the mentioned structure. The task of grinding by compression when the fiber changes consists, in particular, in breaking the cross-links 266 formed by hemicellulose 262. The compressed fibrous material is discharged from the crushing chamber 220 through the outlet openings 240a, 240b.

The task of compression grinding with respect to fiber change is to increase the intrafiber fibrillation and the possibility of changing fibers, in order to, among other things, increase the ability of the fibers to absorb mechanical stresses during grinding by cutting. In conventional chopping, several different phenomena occur, such as fiber straightening, internal and external fiber fibrillation, fiber breaks, and the formation of small fibers. These phenomena can only be affected to a limited extent by changing the grinding conditions. When grinding by compression, the aforementioned phenomena also occur, but in a different proportion, so that internal fibrillation predominates. As expected, in many cases, internal fibrillation is very favorable in terms of improving the quality characteristics, mainly strength, of a fibrous material, for example, wood pulp. In addition, the compressed fiber, for example wood fiber, is much more malleable and can therefore behave differently in the process of milling, for example, the process of breaking the wood fiber and forming small fibers can be reduced.

In FIG. 2c shows the effect of compression processing, performed as a preliminary treatment, on the tensile strength of paper made from wood pulp at various degrees of filtration of the pulp (estimated in arbitrary degrees by Schopper-Riegler, or ° SH). As is apparent from this drawing, with appropriate pretreatment, significantly higher tensile strength can be achieved for a given degree of filtration.

In FIG. 2d shows the effect of compression processing on the width of the wood fiber, which reflects the swelling of the wood fiber caused by internal fibrillation. In addition, crushing by compression helps to stimulate the penetration of chemicals used in the processing process into the fibrous material.

In the event that at step 132 it is required to subject the pulp pulverized by the vibration method to reprocessing in the vibratory crusher, a return to the comminution step 130 is carried out. If the degree of grinding achieved by grinding by compression is sufficient, go to step 138 of the above method.

If at step 138 it is required to further process the pulverized wood pulp by compression, it can then be subjected to grinding by cutting and / or chemical treatment in step 140, while the comminution performs the function of a preliminary treatment for grinding by cutting and / or for chemical processing. In addition, it is possible that the chemical treatment of wood pulp is carried out in the grinding process by compression.

In the event that the grinding of wood pulp contains only grinding in a vibratory crusher, proceed directly to step 150 of the aforementioned method.

At step 150, after milling by cutting or, alternatively, milling by compression, the milled wood pulp is sent by pumping it through the appropriate piping systems, or in the dried state, to a paper or paper machine for making paper, cardboard or other fibrous products.

At step 152, the completion of said wood pulp processing method is completed.

In FIG. 3 shows in cross section a vibratory crusher 300 of the KID 300K type, used for crushing minerals and suitable for compressing fibrous material.

Mentioned KID machine 300 can be used to grind the fibrous material, and in this they achieve such a grinding, which is obtained by means of knife choppers intended for the fibrous material. As a result of the tests, it was found that the grinding of the fibrous material carried out by means of the aforementioned machine 300, in order to achieve various properties, can be supplemented by processing by means of conventional equipment for grinding the fibrous material. In the end result, this provides, on the one hand, an increase in the quality level of the fibrous material and, on the other hand, a reduction in the energy consumption for grinding.

Vibratory crusher 300 contains, for example, a control ring 302, a crushing chamber 320 (compression zone) with an inner wall 322, a crushing cone (grinder) 330, a vibration generator 304, a drive unit 306, a frame support 308, 342, a cone support 312, a reinforcing ring 314, ball bearing 316, frame 318, shock absorber 324, cup 326, cover 328, supply elements 310 containing an inlet (inlet, supply zone), protection means 332, bearing assembly 334, one or more mounting bolts 336, fitting 338 for supplying lubricant, one or more drainage fittings 342a, 342b and electric unloading cops 340 comprising the outlet opening.

The fibrous material is fed into the machine through the inlet 310, and the material moves through the machine 300 under the influence of gravity or differential pressure, crushed in the direction of movement. The fibrous material is compressed between the crushing chamber 320 and the wall 322 and discharged from the bottom of the machine 300 by the discharge member 340. The required degree of grinding of the processed fibrous material is set before processing. In addition, at least one of the following factors can affect the number and strength of the effects applied to the fibrous material, as well as the movement of the fibrous material through the compression zone (i.e., productivity): vibration frequency of the crushing cone 330, clearance between the cone 330 and the wall 322 of the crushing chamber, the degree of displacement of the eccentric mass, the width of the grinding zone, the diameter of the cone 330 and the number of processing cycles.

Each of the above factors, including the degree of grinding, must be optimized separately to achieve the required properties of the fibers, the level of energy consumption, as well as the performance of the machine, necessary for various cases.

The design of the conical section 310, 320, 322, that is, the feed and compression zone, can have various embodiments. An alternative embodiment may be such that the directly conical section 310, 320, 322 is absent and / or, mainly, the compression zone 320, 322 is cylindrical. In this case, the width of the compression zone 320, 322 can be adjusted during the operation of the vibratory crusher 300 (interactively), although adjusting the gap will become a little more complicated. Alternatively, the compression zone 320, 322 may also be slightly conical, whereby the narrowing of the compression zone 320, 322 will also increase the clearance. To affect the operation of the machine 300, you can also use the roughness and / or profile, for example, a corrugated profile, on the surface of the material of the cones 310, 320, 322.

The options described above are just a few illustrative embodiments of the present invention. The principle proposed in accordance with the present invention may have variations within the scope of the legal protection of the invention defined by the claims, regarding, for example, the details of the invention or its uses.

Claims (10)

1. A method (100) for processing fibrous material, comprising grinding (130, 140) fibrous material used in the manufacture of a fibrous product and containing fibers, to facilitate the formation of pulp from it and / or its chemical treatment, the formation of the pulp comprising fiber separation material to fiber bundles, consisting of fibers in contact with each other, and / or to individual fibers, characterized in that the grinding of fibrous material comprises grinding (130) by compression using a vibratory crusher (300), which performs the function of pretreatment for grinding by cutting and / or for chemical treatment (140). 2. The method according to p. 1, wherein the fibrous material contains wood chips and / or fibers, separate or in contact with others. 3. The method according to p. 1 or 2, moreover, grinding (130) by cutting is performed using a knife chopper, and grinding by cutting and / or chemical treatment is performed before the direction (150) of the fibrous material to the place of manufacture of the fibrous product. 4. Vibratory crusher (300), made with the possibility of implementing the method according to p. 1 or 2, containing: feed elements containing at least one inlet, a crushing chamber containing feed elements, discharge elements containing at least one outlet, and at least one crushing cone or grinder installed in the crushing chamber and configured to press the fibrous material against at least one inner surface of the crushing chamber, wherein said feed elements are configured to feed fibrous material to be crushed by compression into the crushing chamber, said discharge elements being configured to move fibrous material crushed by compression from the crushing chamber, and the vibratory crusher is capable of grinding fibrous (130, 140) material to facilitate the formation of pulp from it and / or its chemical treatment, characterized in that the vibration crusher is integrated into It is used to treat the wood pulp of the plant and provides grinding (130) by the method of compression of fibrous material, which performs the function of preliminary processing for grinding by cutting and / or for chemical treatment (140).

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