RU2652975C2 - Medical frame mask of barrier-delivery type (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine; items for personal usage.

SUBSTANCE: claimed group of inventions refers to means of personal protection, namely to masks intended for use, mainly in the field of medicine. Technical result of the claimed group of inventions is to improve the working conditions of the medical personnel throughout the time of using the mask with full protection against penetration of the infection and any liquid media into the respiratory system, as, for example, from the side of the operating field, and towards patients, as well as full protection of the consumer against airborne infection in public places. Medical barrier-type mask with frame is a hollow framework that forms a pod clearance for the lower part of the face, made in the form of a channel containing entrances and exits for passage of air currents. Outer transparent side of the frame is airtight, and the side adjacent to the front surface is made of elastic, air-permeable fabric. Frame may comprise a shield that covers part of the nose, forming a podial space for the middle part of the face. Difference between the variants of medical masks is due to their predominant field of application. Universal – the most simple mask is intended, mainly, for mass use in public places, for example, in order to prevent the spread of airborne infection.

EFFECT: surgical mask is maximally adapted to work in closed, specialized rooms, it allows maintaining the sterility of the operating field for several hours and at the same time provide comfortable working conditions and high labor productivity of surgeons; clinical variant of the mask expands the potential of medical personnel to work in multi-field clinics due to the ability to quickly transform from a barrier type to a filter type mask and vice versa.

11 cl, 3 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The claimed group of inventions relates to personal protective equipment, in particular to masks intended for use, mainly in the field of medicine.

     The present invention, presented in three variants, is:

• universal environmental and hygienic protection of the doctor and patient in the provision of medical care of any difficulty level, including long-term surgical operations;

• individual protection for civilians from airborne infections, including during the flu epidemic.

 The difference between the options for medical masks is due to their primary field of application: universal, surgical, clinical.

 In contrast to medical masks of the filter type, they belong to the masks of the barrier-discharge type: barrier, i.e. completely hindering the passage of exhaled air and exhausting exhaled air in a given direction. Structurally, each version of the mask is a hollow frame.

State of the art

 In the prior art, various designs of medical masks of the barrier type are known, including those made in the form of a frame.

 From the document (the journal "Bulletin of Surgery named after Grekov" No. 12, 1969, authors: academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences, prof. Kurbangaleev S.M. et al.), A surgical mask of the barrier type is made of hard plastic in the form of a relief shield that fits snugly to the front surface. The mask was tested in 2000 surgeries at the 1st LMI (First St. Petersburg State Medical University) named after Acad. I.P. Pavlova and showed her complete asepticism. The indisputable advantage of a barrier-type mask (in the form of an airtight shield) over filtering (standard medical) masks for the effectiveness of protecting patients from airborne infections during surgical operations has been experimentally and clinically proven.

 The disadvantages of this mask design are the following:

- a large amount of exhaled air remains in the under-mask space, the face surface is excessively moistened and overheated - a “greenhouse effect” occurs, causing a deterioration in overall well-being and a decrease in the surgeon’s working capacity;

- is a rigid structure that fits snugly on the front surface for a long time.

 With a high level of patient protection during surgery, these shortcomings significantly reduce the surgeon's performance to an “unacceptable level", therefore this type of mask is not used in medical practice.

 From document CN2162260 Y, publ. 04/20/1994, a protective face mask is known for breathing through the mouth and nose, consisting of two side frames joined in a single rigid structure in the form of boxes with through holes and a shield located between them - in front of the nasal region. The mask is functionally divided into front, right, left sectors, where the right and left are side containers containing filter elements. All exhaled air is discharged (like a respirator) through the valves, and the inhaled air is filtered. The partition located between the containers partly serves as a barrier (shield) to protect the face from moisture from the outside.

 The disadvantages of this mask design are as follows:

- in the under-mask space of the mask there is practically no natural ventilation, which leads to the accumulation of a high level of CO ₂ and humidity, gradually worsening the well-being of the user;

- the presence of a large content of filter elements creates a high resistance to breathing, which significantly reduces the efficiency of the user;

- is a rigid structure that fits snugly on the front surface for a long time.

 A common drawback inherent in both analogues.

 In order to provide the necessary obturation, a tight fit of a rigid, non-elastic structure to the front surface, leading to prolonged compression of nerve fibers and blood vessels, causes a pain effect, local paresthesia and severe discomfort, which makes such masks practically unacceptable for use in medical practice.

 As the closest analogue, the applicant chose the source of information - RF patent No. 2240160, 11/20/2004 (author and copyright holder - applicant Belousov V.E.), of which the medical mask frame barrier-discharge type is known.

 Like the claimed variants of the invention:

• It is a hollow frame;

• The outer part of the frame is made of airtight material (medical plastic). The inner (adjacent to the front surface) part is made of soft, elastic tissue, due to which the mask does not compress blood vessels and nerve fibers on the front surface;

• Carries out barrier-diverting functions;

• Does not resist breathing.

 The prototype frame distinguishes from the claimed variants of the inventions a number of fundamental features:

• Tightly fitting to the face surface, covers its lower and middle (according to Reiss R.A. classification) departments: from the chin to the bridge of the nose;

• the masking space of the mask forms a single, nasal cavity;

• the front (inner) part of the frame has a common notch around the nasal region.

 The disadvantages of this mask design are the following:

- in the under-mask space (mainly when breathing through the mouth), excessive moisture accumulation occurs, the CO ₂ content increases, which partially reduces the surgeon’s working capacity;

- do not take into account the differences in the physiology of human breathing when breathing through the nose or through the mouth, which leads to an inadequate decrease in the hygienic properties of the mask;

- like analogs, it is not universal, because the shape of the mask depends on the features of the surface relief of the face, which, in the end, significantly worsens its consumer properties;

- the use of a mask constrains the mobility of the lower jaw, which reduces its communicative capabilities - it makes it difficult to talk.

Disclosure of the invention

 The loss of the surgeon’s performance during operations due to a sharp decrease in breathing conditions in the filtering medical mask significantly reduces the quality of his work. In addition, filtering medical masks lose their protective properties already, as a rule, in half an hour. As a result, the relatively low quality of surgical operations and a high level of postoperative complications worldwide.

 Due to their design features, standard medical masks of the filtering type cannot protect the population from a viral infection and a number of dangerous bacteria, which is especially important during flu epidemics.

 A different principle is proposed for protecting patients and civilians by creating an absolutely impenetrable barrier to airborne infection, without impairing the respiratory function of the consumer. Along the way, a number of other important problems are solved, leading, for example, to the preservation of the health of medical personnel throughout the entire working time.

 The aim of this group of inventions of medical masks is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art and achieve the following results:

- the exclusion or significant reduction in the accumulation in the submask space of CO ₂ , as well as the prevention of an increase in moisture and temperature, i.e. solving the basic hygiene problems of the prototype;

- the implementation of various methods of protection against airborne infection is adequate to the state of the environment and the nature of the consumer’s labor;

- increasing the comfort and efficiency of using masks due to the adequacy of protection when breathing through the nose or mouth;

- in comparison with analogs and medical masks of the filtering type, the accumulation in an enclosed space (for example, in the operating room) of an airborne infection by its complete or partial neutralization in a mask is reduced;

- since the shape of the masks practically does not depend on the surface relief of the face, its universality is implemented;

- masks do not hinder the mobility of the lower jaw, i.e. Do not reduce the communication skills of the consumer.

 The technical result of the claimed group of inventions is:

• Improving the working conditions of medical staff throughout the entire period of use of the mask with full protection against the penetration of infection and any liquid media into the respiratory system, from the surgical field and towards patients;

• complete consumer protection against airborne infections in public places,

as well as,

• protection of the human respiratory system from the aggressive environment in its various fields of professional activity, provided that it remains fully functional.

  The claimed technical results are achieved due to the constructive implementation of the medical mask for 3 options, each of which complements or specializes the capabilities of the previous one, giving it new consumer properties.

 All variants of masks are united by a single inventive concept, namely, they contain a hollow frame that forms a mask space for the lower part of the face, made in the form of a channel in which the outer side is airtight and the inner side (adjacent to the face surface) is made of breathable fabric. The frame channel on each side (left and right) contains an inlet and an outlet for air flows generated during inhalation / exhalation. As a rule, the side adjacent to the surface of the face has a notch around the mouth.

 Various functional spaces are formed constructively in the mask: a zone for breathing through the mouth and a zone for breathing through the nose. In the area of the mouth (lower part of the face), each version of the mask is made in the form of a hollow frame. In the middle part of the face (in the nose), depending on the variant of the mask, a separate zone for breathing through the nose is formed: open, half-open or closed.

 All mask options are mounted in the head area in one of the standard ways: using ribbons, elastic bands, etc.

 The frame of the mask fits the head in such a way that the exhaled air is almost completely taken back - to the side safe for others.

 Due to the separation of the mask space into two relatively independent zones, optimal conditions for breathing are achieved taking into account the physiology of breathing through the nose or through the mouth. The presence of a cavity in the frame allows for additional ventilation and conditioning of the mask space.

Medical mask option number 1.

 The mask is universal, i.e. It is intended for use not only in medical institutions, but also by the civilian population. It can be used as a basic (simplest) option or as a combination of a wireframe mask and additional elements.

 The mask frame, in contrast to the prototype, covers the lower part of the face, providing complete protection only to the mouth area - the main source of airborne infection and the gateway for infection to enter from the outside. To maximize the consumer’s working capacity, breathing through the nose was left completely free, which is especially important for healthy consumers with intact nasal mucosa. In order to minimize breathing resistance, the mask frame, compared with the prototype, is extremely shortened on the sides.

 The hollow frame of the mask consists of two parts, forming its outer side and the inner - directly adjacent to the front surface. The outer part of the frame is airtight and is made, as a rule, of transparent medical plastic, which improves the communication capabilities of consumers. If the transparency of the mask is not relevant, then its outer part, for example, can be made of thick fabric or paper. The inner part of the frame, i.e. the side adjacent to the front surface is made of breathable and, as a rule, elastic, hygroscopic fabric. For example, from spunbond or medical gauze. In order to reduce respiratory resistance altogether, a cutout around the mouth may be located on the side adjacent to the front surface. If a fabric with a low resistance to breathing (for example, 1-2-layer gauze) is used for the inside of the frame, then a cut in the mouth is not relevant.

 For the purpose of transportation convenience, the mask may have special devices for folding it: from bulk to flat. For example, the outer part of the frame may have pleats in the form of corrugations or pleats. In this design, the mask is put on when folded and straightened due to forced expiration.

 The mask in the basic version (without additional elements) is mainly intended for the civilian population, for example, to prevent the spread of the influenza epidemic in public places.

 Additional elements of the mask increase its protective properties, which expands its scope, including medical facilities.

 A further description will be made with reference to FIG. 1 with the positions of structural elements indicated on it - for a better understanding by a specialist of all aspects of disclosing the essence of the claimed technical solution according to option No. 1.

 The design of the medical mask barrier-discharge type option No. 1 is shown in FIG. one.

 The frame of the mask for the lower face 1 includes the outer airtight side of the frame 2 (shown transparent), made of, for example, plastic, through which the inner breathable side of the frame 3 is translucent, made, for example, of a fabric material adjacent to the front surface with a cutout 4 around mouth area. On both sides of the head, the frame forms lateral air holes (inlet / outlet) 5 for the passage of air flow.

 The nose area is completely open, i.e. breathing in and out through the nose is free. The upper edge of the frame, passing directly under the nose, due to its geometry, partially removes exhaled air through the nose.

 When inhaling through the mouth, the air outside through the lateral air holes 5 penetrates into the cavity of the frame and then passes through the cutout 4 in the side adjacent to the front surface 3. In the absence of a cutout, it passes through a breathable fabric.

 When exhaling through the mouth, the air first enters the cavity of the frame, and then leaves through the lateral air holes 5. Due to the air tightness of the outer side of the frame 2, the exhaled air with the moisture contained in it is completely directed backwards - in the opposite direction. The side of the frame adjacent to the front surface 3, having elasticity and hygroscopicity, prevents squeezing of blood vessels in the face, does not cause unpleasant, painful sensations and prevents moistening (maceration) of the face.

 To expand the protective properties of the mask option No. 1, the following additional elements are used.

1. Breathable material 6 extends beyond the frame and contains an additional device 7 for partially retaining moisture exhaled air. The device 7 can be made in the form of, for example, folds or strips of fabric and, if necessary, be impregnated with a special antiseptic. There may be several similar devices 7 on each side of the mask.

2. Entrance and exit for the passage of air flow, ie the side air duct hole 5 of the frame on its outer (breathable) part contains an additional element 8 in the form of a spoiler directing exhaled air to the material 6 adjacent to the front surface, which extends beyond the frame and containing an additional device 7 for partially retaining moisture of the exhaled air. The spoiler may be a continuation of the outer side 2 of the frame or may be a separate part, attached, for example, with glue, adhesive tape, etc. The spoiler can be made, for example, of a material having specialized properties: bactericidal, adhesive, etc.

 The breathable material of the mask may be single-layer or consist of several layers, each of which may have various beneficial properties, for example, bactericidal activity directed at different types of microbes, etc. All materials used (in each of the layers) are identical to those that are widely used in medical practice and have the appropriate certificates.

 The plastic and cloth parts of the mask can be joined (stitched, glued) in the factory or by the consumer himself, for example, using adhesive tape.

 The mask is attached / fixed in the region of the head of a person with the help of devices 9, for example, ties, ribbons, elastic bands, etc.

Medical mask, option number 2

 This version of the mask is primarily intended for use in surgery and has maximum protection for the doctor and patient under the condition of surgical operations and is aimed at the maximum preservation of the working capacity of the medical staff.

 This option is a synthesis of two types of masks: frame and thyroid, forming two different mask spaces: the lower frame - in the mouth, the shield - in the nose. A baffle is formed between the shield and the frame, containing an air hole for passage of exhaled air through the nose into the cavity of the frame. In this hole, if necessary, a valve is installed that passes exhaled air through the nose in the direction of the frame and prevents the penetration of exhaled air through the mouth into the upper mask space.

  The shield is airtight and is located at some distance from the surface of the face, so that breathing through the nose remains almost free.

  The main purpose of the mask flap is the direction, due to aerodynamics exhaled from the nose of air directly into the cavity of the frame, which completely excludes its falling towards the surgical field. This solution allows to ensure high quality of the main (nasal) type of surgeon’s breathing during surgery, increasing its performance.

 Structurally, in the partition between the shield and the frame there may be no air hole, however, in this case, the aerodynamics of the air flow regulated by the shield are completely broken, which significantly reduces the consumer properties of the mask.

 The shield also protects the nose and partially the middle part of the face from external pathological factors during the operation: biological fluids, airborne infections, etc. Which is also relevant to increase the safety of the surgeon.

 During the operation, the surgical team exhaled air personnel, in contrast to the filter masks, is completely discharged into the non-sterile area of the operating room. Due to this, a high level of sterility is ensured in the operating area itself, i.e. contributes to reducing the risk of postoperative complications. Consequently, the overall quality of treatment of a medical institution is improved.

 A further description will be made with reference to FIG. 2 drawings with the positions of structural elements indicated on it - for a better understanding by a specialist of all aspects of disclosing the essence of the claimed technical solution according to option No. 2.

 The frame of the mask, located in the lower part of the face 1, includes an external airtight part of the frame 2 (shown transparent), made, for example, of plastic through which the inner breathable side of the frame 3 is visible, made, for example, of fabric material with a cutout around the mouth 4. On both sides of the head, the frame forms lateral air holes (inlet / outlet) 5 for the passage of air flow.

 In contrast to option No. 1, in order to divert expired air as far as possible from the surgical field, the sides of the frame are as elongated as possible.

 The frame further comprises an airtight flap 10 covering the lower part of the nose. Between the flap 10 and the frame, a baffle 11 is formed with an air duct opening. There can be several similar holes in the partition, both identical and of various shapes.

 In FIG. 2 shows that the shield 10 is located at some distance from the surface of the face, forming a slit-like space.

When inhaling through the nose, air freely penetrates through this slit-like space. When exhaling through the nose, all the air, due to the aerodynamic properties of the flap, is directed from top to bottom, through the air duct hole in the partition 11 - into the cavity of the frame and then exits through the side air ducts 5 (inlet / outlet) for air flow.

 Breathing through the mouth is similar to option No. 1. In order to completely eliminate air from the carcass cavity into the under-mask space of the middle part of the face (if necessary), one or more valves are installed in the air duct in the partition 11 or in several openings.

 However, if the internal cavity of the frame is made taking into account the aerodynamics of the air flows passing through it, then the relevance of the valve is reduced or completely absent.

Medical mask, option number 3

 The main purpose of this variant of the mask is general clinical. The mask can be recommended for use in all types of medical institutions, including infectious wards, and for the provision of all types of medical care, from outpatient to infectious surgery. It is designed to maximize the protection of medical staff without significant loss of its performance. A particular difference between this mask option is its ability to transform and adapt to specific working conditions of medical staff.

 The design of this type of mask is a hybrid consisting of three types of masks: frame, thyroid and filter. It includes, respectively, the functions of all types of well-known medical masks: barrier-discharge, barrier, filtering.

 The fundamental differences between option No. 3 from the first two options are as follows:

1. A mask can have two states: initial and working. In the initial state, the mask functionally practically does not differ from option No. 2. The breath in her remains free. Therefore, in a similar position, it can be used, for example, for conventional surgery. If there is a danger of infection, the mask is put into working condition, i.e. all air currents that occur during breathing through the mouth and nose during inhalation and exhalation are directed through the built-in filters. A similar danger arises, for example, when medical personnel enter from a clean zone into an infectious box. When leaving the box there is no danger of infection and the mask is returned to its original state, in which conditions for breathing are significantly improved. Directly during surgery in urgent surgery (by ambulance) it often turns out that the patient has a concomitant infectious disease. In this situation, the surgeon, without interrupting the operation and without removing the mask, can put it into working condition, i.e. quickly protect yourself.

2. The hollow frame for the lower part of the face is divided into three functionally different sectors: the central and two side.

3. The outer walls of the side sectors of the frame are air filters made of materials used in the production of standard (filtering) medical masks. For example, from a spunbond.

4. The side walls of the frame can be homogeneous or consist of series-connected segments, each of which is a filter of different densities, ie filters designed for different types and levels of infection.

5. The channel of the frame has a device for its overlap with the possibility of re-opening, with the aim of directing air flows on inhalation and exhalation either through the inlet / outlet (side openings) or through the built-in filter.

6. If the side walls of the frame consist of several segments, then each segment can have a separate device for its overlap, which can, for example, be made in the form of adhesive tape or a special latch.

7. The mask shield, as a rule, is completely made of filter material used in standard medical masks, or, if necessary, giving it aerodynamic properties, consist of a combination of airtight material and filter fabric. Like option number 2, the shield in the initial state does not touch the surface of the face.

8. A device is built in to the edges of the shield tissue to ensure its fit along the contour of the face, around the back of the nose. This can be, for example, an adhesive patch, ductile wire, elastic bracket, etc.

9. Between the frame and the shield there is a partition separating the two mask spaces, which, in contrast to option No. 2, can be made without an air duct. If the shield consists entirely of fabric, then its aerodynamic properties are not relevant. At the same time, in the working state, the absence of an air duct in the partition provides a higher level of mask protection.

 A further description will be made with reference to FIG. 3 with the positions of structural elements indicated on it - for a better understanding by a specialist of all aspects of disclosing the essence of the claimed technical solution according to option No. 3.

 The design of the medical mask of the barrier-discharge type No. 3 is shown in FIG. 3.

 The frame of the mask, located in the lower part of the face 1, includes an external airtight part of the frame 2 (shown transparent), made of, for example, plastic, through which the inner breathable side of the frame 3 is made, made of, for example, fabric material with a cutout 4 around the mouth . On both sides of the head, the frame forms lateral air holes (inlet / outlet) 5 for the passage of air flow.

 This mask option is used in two states: initial (open) and working (closed).

 In the initial position, the shield 10 is not in contact with the surface of the face and the inputs / outputs 5 for the passage of air flow are open.

 In FIG. 3 option medical mask No. 3 is shown in the working (closed) position.

 The shield 10, made of filtering and, as a rule, single-layer material (for example, spunbond or medical gauze), fits snugly to the contour of the face around the back of the nose. As a result, the mask space in the nose area is completely closed, and the inhalation / exhalation through the nose is through the filter cloth of the scutellum. A partition 11 is formed between the shield and the frame, which, unlike version No. 2, may not contain an air duct.

 The outer side of the side sections of the frame, in contrast to options No. 1, 2, consists of segments 12 made of filter cloth (side filters). The wall of each segment 12 may consist of filters of different densities or of a different number of layers of tissue (for example, spunbond). On the outer border 13 of each segment is located a fixture 14 (shown only for the middle segment) for blocking the channel. As a result, when inhaling / exhaling through the mouth, air passes only through the side filters 12.

  In order to preserve the carcass (air ducts) of the side segments of the carcass between the fabric layers of its outer parts, shaping supports (for example, a coarse mesh of nylon) can be installed. The mesh can be woven into the fabric in the form of individual fibers, or the fabric itself, in the form of a mesh, is impregnated with a forming solution (for example, starch).

 Breathable material of the frame, filters in the side segments and the shield can be made of fabrics of different functionality or the same (standardly used in medical practice).

 In 2 and 3 versions of the masks, the shield, in contrast to the prototype, does not come in contact with the surface of the face, in the area of the nose. The resulting gap is used not only for air intake during inspiration through the nose, but also for the free movement of the plastic part after the movements of the lower jaw.

 Thus, such a connection of the mask parts does not interfere with the free mobility of the lower jaw, which allows, for example, to talk during surgery. In option No. 3, the shield 10 is made of fabric with some margin, so that during a conversation not to impede the movement of the lower jaw.

 Each version of the mask can have various additional devices, devices, and can be made of various materials, using different technologies.

For example:

 In order to further protect the eye area and the rest of the face, the plastic part of the mask may have a superstructure in the form of a transparent shield.

 In order to increase communication capabilities, the outer side of the mask can be fully or partially transparent - made of plastic, as shown in FIG. 1-3. For design purposes, plastic can have various color shades; various inscriptions and drawings can be applied on its surface. Plastic may not be transparent (in any color scheme).

 The outer side of the frame, for the purpose of additional ventilation, in front of the oral region may be a movable wall in the form of a membrane, oscillating synchronously during inhalation and exhalation.

 The side of the frame adjacent to the front surface can be made in the form of a continuous fabric or mesh (fine or coarse mesh), for example, from a cotton fabric, or from a transparent, translucent natural fabric (for example, silk, batiste, chiffon, etc.) , or from a synthetic polymer (e.g., nylon, nylon, etc.).

 For greater strength and better adaptation to the front surface, between the layers of breathable material can pass reinforcing, forming elements (mesh, threads, elastic bands and ribbons, turning into ties for the mask, etc.).

 Due to the presence of frames in all types of masks, various devices and equipment can be installed in their channels for the additional processing of air used for breathing (cleaning, drying, disinfection, cooling, heating, deodorization, etc.).

 Given the different characteristics of the air flows generated during inhalation / exhalation through the nose or mouth, at least one device for optimizing and separating air flows can be located in the cavity of the mask frame. For example, one or more partitions, air ducts, and the like.

 At least one filter element can be installed along the air flow path in the frame channel, which, for example, can be further treated with an antiseptic or filter material used in the manufacture of medical masks (for example, spunbond).

 At least one air channel of the mask frame may further comprise at least one moisture-absorbing element.

 Any air channel of the mask frame may contain at least one inlet or outlet valve.

 At least one tube of the mask frame may have at least one tube for forcing the air mixture from the external source and / or for exhaling exhaled air from the mask space to the respiratory organs.

 At least one air channel of the mask frame may further comprise at least one cylinder of compressed air to improve the composition of the inhaled air in an autonomous mode or in field (military) conditions.

 At least one air channel of the mask frame may further comprise at least one fan.

 At least one air channel of the mask frame may have a spiral shape, due to which foreign particles in the inhaled air acquire a rotational (centrifugal) movement, settling on its walls.

 At least one air channel of the mask frame may contain at least one filter of zero resistance.

 The inner surface of the channel of the frame can be treated with a special adhesive substance, which contributes to the adhesion of dust and various biological aerosols contained in the air.

 The mask frame may be further electrostatically treated to deposit dust particles and other foreign particles in the passing air stream and having opposite electrical potential on its inner surface.

Claims (11)

1. The medical mask skeleton barrier-discharge type is a hollow frame, forming a mask space in the face, characterized in that the hollow frame forms a mask space for the lower face and is made in the form of at least one channel containing at least at least one inlet and at least one outlet for the passage of air flow, while the outer side of the frame is airtight, and the side adjacent to the front surface is made of breathable material iala. 2. The medical mask according to claim 1, characterized in that the side of the frame adjacent to the front surface has a cutout around the mouth. 3. The medical mask according to claim 1, characterized in that the breathable material extends beyond the frame. 4. Medical mask according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that at least one inlet and / or outlet contains an additional element directing exhaled air to the material adjacent to the front surface, which extends beyond the frame. 5. The medical mask according to claim 3, characterized in that the breathable material that extends beyond the framework contains an additional device for retaining moisture in exhaled air. 6. The medical mask according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer side of the frame has folds in the form of corrugations or pleats. 7. The medical mask according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least one device for fixing the mask in the head area. 8. The medical mask of the frame of the barrier-discharge type is a hollow frame forming a mask space in the face area, characterized in that the hollow frame forms a mask space for the lower face and is made in the form of at least one channel containing at least at least one inlet and at least one outlet for the passage of air flow, the frame further comprises a shield covering at least the lower part of the nose and configured to form a septum with Arkas, which comprises at least one airway opening. 9. The medical mask of claim 8, characterized in that at least one airway opening of the septum contains at least one valve. 10. The medical mask of the frame of the barrier-discharge type is a hollow frame forming a mask space in the face area, characterized in that the hollow frame forms a mask space for the lower face and is made in the form of at least one channel containing at least at least one inlet and at least one outlet for the passage of air flow, while it further comprises a shield made with the possibility of its fit along the contour of the face, around the back of the nose, and education towns, the outer side of the carcass, in the mouth, is airtight, while the remaining portion is made of filter material and wherein at least one channel has at least one means for overlapping it. 11. The medical mask of claim 10, wherein the shield is made of filter material.

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