RU2649634C1 - Composition of the soil conditioner and the method of its manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to agriculture. Composition of the soil conditioner contains diatomite and succinic acid with the following component ratio, mass%: diatomite 85–90, succinic acid 15–10. For the preparation of soil conditioner composition, preliminarily heat the diatomite crumb at a temperature of 700–900 °C. After that, a solution of succinic acid is applied to the crumb. Treated granules are then mixed for 15–20 minutes in a granulator at a speed of 30 to 40 Hz when the bowl is tilted from 40 to 50° until the disappearance of lumps and wet areas. After that, the granules are dried at a temperature of 15 to 25 °C, spreading them in a thin layer on a flat, dry and clean surface.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to improve the condition of soils.

2 cl, 3 tbl, 2 ex

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the production of materials that improve the condition of the soil or stabilize the soil.

State of the art

The invention is known "Silicon-containing chelate microfertilizer and method for its preparation" (RF patent No. 2515389, IPC C05F 11/02, C05D 9/00). The invention relates to agriculture. Silicon-containing chelated micronutrient fertilizer for foliar treatment of plants, obtained by mixing and diluting in tap water in a predetermined ratio of two uterine component aqueous solutions: a mother liquor of microelements and a mother liquor containing silicon, in which the mother liquor of microelements contains iron sulfate, boric acid, manganese sulfate sulfate, cobalt chloride, zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdenum acid and complexing agent in an amount giving the pH of the micro solution elements of 2.5-3, and the mother liquor of trace elements contains humic acids as a complexing agent. All components are taken in a certain ratio. As a mother liquor containing silicon, we used a one percent solution of potassium or sodium silicate, and a working solution of silicon-containing chelated micronutrient was obtained by diluting and mixing the mother liquors in tap water. All components are taken in a certain ratio. In this case, the pH of the working solution becomes 5.5-6.0. The invention allows to create a silicon-containing chelate microfertilizer with increased phytoprotective and adaptogenic properties, to increase the shelf life of mother solutions.

The disadvantage of the proposed fertilizer is that it is not effective on chernozem soils and when growing crops such as, for example, sunflower, rapeseed, flax, etc.

Closest to the claimed composition is RF patent No. 2122903 "Soil conditioning", IPC B09C 1/08, C05F 11/02, C09K 17/00. The invention relates to environmental technologies and is intended for the restoration of contaminated soils and their operation in conditions of strong chemical and physical pressure. In the soil conditioner, as a mineral component, a mixture of two or more solid silicon-containing substances with a Si content of 5-45% is used, while at least one of these substances, the consumption of which is 50-10000 kg per 1 ha, is in non-crystalline form with particles no larger than 1 mm in size, and other substances, the total consumption of which is 100-20000 kg per 1 ha, are in non-crystalline or crystalline form with particles no larger than 5 cm. Solid silicon-containing substances can be used ecologically safe solid silicon-containing industrial and agricultural wastes in the form of ash, slag, dust, etc., chemically pure silicon-containing compounds, for example, amorphous silicon dioxide, quartz sand, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, etc., as well as ground silicon-containing rocks, for example sand, sandstone, zeolite, tuff, etc. Soil conditioning reduces the level of soil pollution with heavy metals, improves the water-air properties of the upper soil horizon, and enhances plant resistance to adverse growth conditions.

The disadvantage of this air conditioner is that it provides exclusively a reduction in the level of pollution, does not stimulate growth and does not improve the vital activity of organisms.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is the creation of an effective and safe composition of soil conditioner, stimulating growth and improving the vital activity of plants.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the composition of the soil conditioner contains silicon-containing material and succinic acid. As a silicon-containing material, diatomite is used. The composition of the soil conditioner is carried out in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Silicon-containing material 85-90, succinic acid 15-10.

A method of manufacturing a soil conditioner composition consists in preliminarily burning diatomaceous crumb at a temperature of 700-900 ° C. Then a solution of succinic acid is applied to the crumb. Then the treated granules are mixed for 15-20 minutes in a granulator at a speed of 30 to 40 Hz with a tilt of the bowl from 40 to 50 degrees until the lumps and wet areas disappear. After that, the granules are dried at a temperature of 15 to 25 ° C, distributing them with a thin layer on a flat, dry and clean surface.

The implementation of the invention

The composition of the soil conditioner contains silicon-containing material and succinic acid. As a silicon-containing material, diatomite is used. The composition of the soil conditioner is carried out in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Silicon-containing material 85-90, succinic acid 15-10.

A method of manufacturing a soil conditioner composition consists in preliminarily burning diatomaceous crumb at a temperature of 700-900 ° C. Then a solution of succinic acid is applied to the crumb. Then the treated granules are mixed for 15-20 minutes in a granulator at a speed of 30 to 40 Hz with a tilt of the bowl from 40 to 50 degrees until the lumps and wet areas disappear. After that, the granules are dried at a temperature of 15 to 25 ° C, distributing them with a thin layer on a flat, dry and clean surface.

Examples of the composition of the components of the proposed composition of the soil conditioner.

To prove the effectiveness of the proposed composition of soil conditioner, the authors conducted studies for which they used the composition in the following ratios, wt. %:

Diatoms, or diatoms (lat. Diatomeae), or bacillariophysia (lat. Bacillariophyceae) - a group of unicellular and colonial algae, characterized by the presence in the cells of a kind of "shell", consisting mainly of silicon dioxide, and also containing iron, aluminum, magnesium and organic matter. Always single-celled, but colonial forms occur. Usually planktonic or periphytonic organisms, marine and freshwater.

Being the most important component of marine plankton, diatoms create up to a quarter of all the organic matter of the planet.

A special system for the processing and granulation of diatomite has been developed, which allows to maintain the integrity of the porous structure while increasing sorption properties due to the high specific surface area (at least 10-12 ha / kg). This gives two main properties of diatomite - high sorption and mechanical filtration of liquids. In addition, the technology of firing diatomite at 600 ° C ensures the absence of toxic organic compounds, non-metals and heavy metals.

In nature, succinic acid is found in small quantities everywhere, it is a part of plants and animal organisms, it is found in amber and brown coal, and it is obtained artificially through special processing of maleic anhydride. It is an odorless white powder, is an excellent stimulator of plant growth.

Succinic acid is involved in the process of cellular respiration of oxygen-breathing organisms. Succinic acid helps microorganisms in the soil to quickly destroy organic substances with increased toxicity, and also does not allow toxins to accumulate in the plant. Succinic acid strengthens plants, increases resistance to diseases. The increase in yield is due to the properties of succinic acid to increase the amount of chlorophyll, which accelerates the development of the plant. It is important to understand that succinic acid is not a fertilizer as such, but rather helps fertilizers to be absorbed faster, and also reduces the amount of fertilizer that is usually applied.

Succinic acid normalizes the natural microflora of the soil, the vital activity of microorganisms located in it. The treatment of plants with acid increases resistance to environmental hazards. Succinic acid is an excellent resuscitator for plants. It is treated with plants and soil to improve germination and increase resistance. Succinic acid stimulates cell growth and resists the penetration of bacteria, protecting every young shoot. Acid can save dying roots, it improves seed germination and increases the number of young shoots.

The introduction of succinic acid into the soil gives plants the strength to resist disease, increases the chlorophyll content in greenery, which leads to violent flowering. The substance is so unique that it is used everywhere. So, on poor soils, succinic acid protects crops from extinction, reducing the content of nitrogenous harmful accumulations in the earth, and the drug stabilizes the vital activity of the soil’s natural microflora. Due to the excellent natural utilization of succinic acid in nature, it does not pollute the environment.

Ways to use the composition of the soil conditioner

The substances used in this composition of the soil conditioner are an amorphous compound of silicon (SiO ₂ ) and succinic acid. These acids neutralize the action of heavy metals, optimize the nutrition of plants and microorganisms, increase their resistance to adverse conditions.

Example No. 1. In the field, the influence of the composition of the soil conditioner on the productivity of various vegetable crops was determined. For this purpose, three experimental plots of 2 m × 0.5 m in size were divided into four equal parts each. The first part was a control, therefore, additional nutrients were not added to the soil; vegetation experiments with the following vegetable crops were carried out in the other three areas: radish "Heat", leaf lettuce "Grand", onion "Myachkovsky".

The agrotechnical conditions for the growth of vegetable crops in all experimental plots were equivalent. Productivity was estimated by the average weight of the vegetable crop. The average weight was determined from a sample of 20 kg.

The results of vegetation experiments are shown in table 1.

An analysis of the results of the growing experiments shown in Table 1 shows that in the plots using the composition of soil conditioner the yield increase in comparison with the control plot was 6.52% for radish, 53.33% for lettuce, and 70% for onions.

Example No. 2. To test the effect of soil conditioner composition on potato yields, three production experiences were set up in the following farms: experience No. 1 - IT "Potato OS Ulyanovsky", Krasnoarmeysky settlement, experience No. 2 - AGRO-PRODSERVICE LLC, Tatarstan, Leninogorsk borough, village Ivanovka and experience No. 3 - “MAGNIT” LLC Russia, Ulyanovsk region, Cherdaklinsky borough, p. Mirny.

Fertilizer application options were as follows:

1. Soil without additives - control.

2. Soil + soil conditioner composition at a dose of 1.0 t / ha.

3. Soil + composition of soil conditioner in a dose of 2.0 t / ha.

Potatoes were grown according to traditional technology.

As can be seen from the data in table 1, the potato yield is practically independent of the dose of the applied soil conditioner composition, which makes it possible to bring its minimum amount into the soil. The use of the proposed composition of soil conditioner, as can be seen from this example, is very economical, since the plants absorb a certain amount of the composition due to the presence of succinic acid, and if you add a larger amount of composition for soil conditioner, there will be no overdose. In addition, the addition of soil conditioner composition allows to increase the mass of potato tubers and the number of tubers in one plant (table 2 and 3).

It should be noted that with an increase in the dose of applying the soil conditioner, there was a tendency to increase the large tuber fraction (≥ 80 g) due to a decrease in the remaining fractions.

Thus, to increase the yield of potatoes, it is desirable to use the composition of soil conditioner.

The research results of the Ulyanovsk scientists showed the high efficiency of the composition of the soil conditioner in the cultivation of vegetables, grains and row crops.

The average yield increase was: winter wheat 9–25%, spring wheat 9–15%, barley 30–52%, potato 39–42%, cucumbers 20%, tomatoes 13%, carrots 14%, beets 13%. At the same time, product quality improved: gluten content in wheat grain increased by 2.4-3.3%, vitamin C and starch in potato tubers by 5.5 and 4.4% (absolute values).

The introduction of soil conditioner into the soil contributed to the production of environmentally safer products: the accumulation of nitrates decreased to 15-20%, the influx of heavy metals up to three times or more.

At the same time, the proposed composition of soil conditioner will solve the problems:

- soil compaction,

- soil depletion,

- violation of the structure of the soil,

- damage to cultivated plants by various diseases and pests.

Advantages of soil conditioner composition:

- contributes to improved soil aeration and better development of the plant root system;

- favorably affects the activity of soil organisms, which leads to an increase in the content of nutrients available to plants (including silicon) in the arable layer;

- contributes due to the high porosity to increase the water holding capacity of the soil and the economical use of moisture during the growing season of crops;

- reduces the start time of fruiting crops (potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes by 10-14 days), etc .;

- increases the immunity of the plant, so that it becomes more resistant to aggressive environmental factors and diseases;

- activates the metabolism, which, in turn, accelerates growth and does not allow the accumulation of nitrates and other harmful compounds in the tissues of the plant;

- promotes the assimilation of the entire spectrum of fertilizers;

- increases the amount of chlorophyll in the leaves;

- restores plants after stress (mistakes in care, severe damage by diseases or pests, drying out or waterlogging, transplantation, etc.);

- stabilizes the vital activity and activity of the natural microflora of the soil, providing intensive biological processing of mineral fertilizers, as well as restoration of fertility and cleaning of areas contaminated with toxic substances;

- effective in combating diseases of fungal and bacterial nature in various plant species due to thickening of epidermal tissues;

- provides the active growth of a healthy, biologically complete, environmentally friendly, disease-resistant plant;

- provides an increase in the yield of root crops to 15-20%, cucumbers - up to 40%. In plants and fruits, the content of biologically valuable substances increases, in particular ascorbic acid, essential amino acids, and the amount of sugars and organic acids. Provides stable production of a high yield of environmentally friendly and biologically high percent product without the use of excess mineral fertilizers;

- Overdoses are not dangerous, since its excess is not used by the plant and microorganisms as a food product. However, experience shows that the maximum effect is achieved by using the recommended dosages of the composition. The earlier the plant is treated with the composition during the growth period, the longer the effect remains. Processing of seeds and young seedlings leads to consolidation of the action of the composition during the entire life of the plant.

All the above examples confirm the fulfillment of the task, namely the creation of an effective composition of soil conditioner.

Industrial applicability is proved by examples 1 and 2.

Claims (5)

1. The composition of the soil conditioner containing silicon-containing material, characterized in that the composition of the soil conditioner additionally contains succinic acid, and diatomite is used as the silicon-containing material, the composition being carried out in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Silicon-containing material 85-90 succinic acid 15-10 2. A method of manufacturing a soil conditioner composition, which consists in preliminarily burning diatomaceous crumb at a temperature of 700-900 ° C, after which a solution of succinic acid is applied to the crumb, then the treated granules are mixed for 15-20 minutes in a granulator at a speed of 30 to 40 Hz with a tilt of the bowl from 40 to 50 ° until the lumps and wet zones disappear, after which the granules are dried at a temperature of 15 to 25 ° C, distributing them with a thin layer on a flat, dry and clean surface.