RU2647291C1 - Hydrogen producing using the thermal dissociation of water or low-temperature dissociating substances containing hydrogen in their composition with the use of microwave radiation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of hydrogen producing by thermal dissociation of water or low-temperature dissociating substances containing hydrogen in their composition. Method is realized by water and/or a water gas or said low-temperature dissociation materials heating to a temperature above of 2000 °C with the use of microwave radiation. At that, heating is carried out with the help of hydrogen stored in a separate cylinder, and water and/or water gas or a low-temperature dissociating agent final dissociation is carried out in dissociation chambers with the produced hydrogen output through the hole in the upper part of the chamber and its further distribution.

EFFECT: technical result is in the continuous evolution of hydrogen.

4 cl, 8 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to methods for producing constituent elements from water or water that is similar in composition and characteristics to a liquid, one of which is hydrogen.

The prior art patent RU 2515477, which describes a method for producing hydrogen from a hydrogen-containing gas.

The differences of the claimed solution are that the method of producing hydrogen is based on the production of hydrogen from water by the decomposition of its molecules into components.

Known patent RU 2142905, describing a method for producing hydrogen by heating water gas and passing it through an electric field of high voltage.

The differences of the claimed solution are that the method for producing hydrogen does not require high voltages, which makes the device more mobile.

Known patent RU 2013151106, describing the production of hydrogen by exposure to a high-frequency electromagnetic field.

The differences of the claimed solution are that:

- wave fields are an auxiliary element that enhances the dissociation of water and aqueous liquid, regardless of the magnitude of the generated or not generated electromagnetic field;

- hydrogen is produced from water gas, and not from water;

- the basis of the method is the heating of water gas to a dissociation temperature;

- to the wave emitters there are no additional requirements for the directivity of radiation;

- An odd number of emitters, one or more, may be used.

Known patent RU 2520490, describing the production of hydrogen by a chemical reaction of aqueous oxidation of a metal-containing substance with water with hydrogen evolution.

The differences of the claimed solution are that:

- a thermal method of producing hydrogen is used;

- not water is used, but water gas obtained from water liquid;

- there is no need to use metals, carbons and other elements that will eventually require replacement.

Known patent RU 2372277, describing a method for producing pure hydrogen from hydrocarbons (gas, oil).

The differences of the claimed solution are that:

- uses water or water liquid, a renewable energy source;

- thermal heating is applied to the dissociation temperature.

The patent GR 20100100401 is known, which describes an engine which, through its work and the creation of turbulences, allows the dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen.

The differences of the claimed solution are that:

- missing a large number of moving parts;

- gas turbulence is not permissible; on the contrary, the gas must be in the most relaxed position during dissociation;

- In addition to heating, wave action is also used.

The closest solution is patent CA 2301219, which describes the production of hydrogen by heating water to a temperature of dissociation and the creation of a centrifugal force, which should accelerate dissociation.

The differences of the claimed solution are that:

- missing a large number of moving parts;

- gas turbulence is not permissible; on the contrary, the gas must be in the most relaxed position during dissociation;

- In addition to heating, wave action is also used.

As you know, water gas can decompose (dissociate) into components when a certain temperature is reached. At the same time, the percentage of molecules that have decomposed into components remains quite small. So, at 2000-2500 degrees Celsius, the percentage of dissociating molecules can range from 10 to 20%, which is not enough to use heat to produce hydrogen for use in mechanisms. And the increase in temperature makes demands on the materials for the manufacture of dissociation devices.

The present method for producing hydrogen takes into account the heating of water or another substance with similar properties and composition to a dissociation temperature and the acceleration of dissociation by adiabatic (with increasing temperature) gas compression and the use of wave radiation (microwaves and other types of radiation), which accelerates the dissociation process and increases the percentage dissociated molecules. In this case, at the molecular level, wave radiation is designed to break the intramolecular bonds of atoms.

The technical result of the claimed invention consists in creating a method that will continuously release hydrogen from water and other similar substances by heating and irradiating with microwaves of various frequencies and developing a device based on this method.

The technical result is achieved through the use of water heating using a hydrogen flame, maintaining a given temperature and using wave emitters.

Particular cases of manufacturing the device are:

- Manufacture of a device without an adiabatic compression system;

- Manufacture of a device without wave emitters;

- Installation of one or more wave emitters on one dissociation chamber;

- The use of other heating devices.

Brief Description of the Drawings:

FIG. 1 is a front view of the device;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the device, indicating clarifying drawings;

FIG. 2A is a side view of a substance heater;

FIG. 2B — dissociation chambers, side view;

FIG. 2B is a side view of an adiabatic gas compression system;

FIG. 3 - dissociation chambers and adiabatic compression system, rear view;

FIG. 4 - system for returning the pistons to their original state;

FIG. 5 is a diagram of the method.

A method for producing hydrogen by thermal dissociation of water and other substances having similar characteristics using wave radiation includes a device that consists of:

1. The heating chamber.

2. Fire column.

3. The chamber of dissociation.

4. Wave emitters.

5. The system for supplying and removing hydrogen (schematically).

6. Heat outlet openings.

7. Hydrogen distribution valves (schematically).

7.1 Hydrogen blocking valves (schematically).

8. Storage cylinder.

9. Heated saucer.

10. 1. Nozzles of heating (initial, schematically).

10.2. Heating nozzle (optional, schematically).

11. The nozzle of the substance supply (schematically).

12. Steam coil.

13. The distributor of water gas.

14. The valve of the distributor.

15. Heat dispenser.

16. Oxygen outputs.

17. Exits of residual water gas and waste substances.

18. The piston of the adiabatic compression system.

19. Piston spring (compression spring).

20. The piston rod (with applied teeth).

21. Gear of system of return of the piston.

22. The gear motor.

23. Spring holder.

24. The system of extension of the stoppers.

25. Stopper.

26. Piston pin.

Scheme (Fig. 5):

27. Heating zone.

28. The zone of heating of water gas.

The implementation of the method of producing hydrogen on the example of the device is constructed as follows.

When the device is started, hydrogen from the storage cylinder (8) is supplied through the distribution valve (7) to the heating nozzles (10.1) located in the lower part of the heating chamber (1).

In this case, air or oxygen can also be supplied to the heating nozzle (10.1), depending on the modification of the device. Ignition of the gas mixture may also occur in the nozzle.

The hydrogen flame from the heating nozzles (10.1) heats the heated saucer (9). The temperature of the hydrogen flame can reach more than 2000-3000 degrees.

When the temperature inside the heating chamber (1) reaches its maximum (presumably several hundred degrees lower than the combustion temperature of hydrogen), water or another substance with similar properties and composition is supplied through the nozzle of the substance (11).

When water enters the heating chamber (1), accelerated vaporization and transition of water to the state of water gas occurs, which, rising to the upper part of the heating chamber (1), enters the steam coil (12).

The coil is designed to inhibit the upward movement of gas. In this case, the coil (12) is located inside the fire column (2), along which the heat from the combustion of hydrogen rises in the upper direction. Also, a heating nozzle (10.2) can be located in the fire column (2), designed to enhance heating of water gas in the coil (12), since water evaporation and gas formation can occur so quickly that the gas simply does not reach the required temperature or loses part of the temperature at design movement.

After the coil (12), water gas enters the distributor (13), in which the valve of the distributor (14) is installed. And the heat passing through the fire column (2) enters the distributor (15). Distributors in this case are designed to distribute water gas and heat between dissociation chambers (3).

Dissociation chambers (3) have double walls. So, water gas in the most heated state enters the central part of the dissociation chamber, and the heat from the combustion of hydrogen enters the space between the walls, preventing the gas from cooling and maintaining the set temperature.

On the external part of the dissociation chambers (3), wave emitters (4) are installed. At a sufficiently high temperature, the process of decomposition of molecules into atoms begins. Wave emitters (4) turn on when water gas begins to enter the dissociation chamber (3), accelerating the process of molecular decay.

When water gas fills the dissociation chamber as much as possible (3), the adiabatic compression system (if any) is turned on to increase the gas pressure and increase its temperature. This system is installed in the inner part of the dissociation chamber or has a direct connection with the inner part.

For the adiabatic compression system to operate, it is necessary that the stop (25) disengages from the piston rod (20) (18). In this case, the piston spring (19) sharply moves the piston (18) up. And the piston (18), in turn, creates increased pressure inside the dissociation chamber (3).

In this case, a constant external effect on the water gas should be excluded (with the exception of the compression system, which acts once if it is available), since different substances have different weights and energies. It is assumed that due to the difference in the characteristics of various substances at the maximum temperature and the dissociation of the substance, the distribution of substances into layers will occur:

- hydrogen, as the lightest element, approaches the upper point of the dissociation chamber (3);

- oxygen, heavier than hydrogen, will occupy an intermediate position;

- water gas will take a lower position.

Moreover, depending on the substance used (except for water), the distribution among the layers may vary slightly.

Also on the dissociation chambers (3) there are openings for the release of hydrogen in the upper part, oxygen (16), spent water gas (17) and used heat (6).

After generating hydrogen, the piston returns to its original position by moving the piston rod (20) by the gear (21), which is mounted on the motor (22), and then engaging the rod (20) with the stop (25). At the same time, the motor (22) together with the gear (21) is able to move along the groove from one rod to another if their number exceeds one.

In FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a method for producing hydrogen.

Liquid enters the heating zone (27), heated to a temperature of about 2000-2500 degrees. Evaporating, the liquid in the form of gas enters the preheating zone (28), after which it passes into the dissociation chamber (29), where a temperature of about 3500 degrees is reached and radio waves of various lengths and frequencies are irradiated with a wave emitter (30). Hydrogen generated in this way enters the distribution valve (31), where it is distributed between consumers.

Design Features:

1. As you know, water freezes when it reaches minus temperature. For this reason, it is assumed that for use in the described method can be used other low-temperature substances containing hydrogen and having characteristics that will allow them to dissociate with the above device. In addition, such substances may have additional additives that increase the efficiency of the device.

2. The greatest amount of hydrogen going to the heating nozzles will be consumed when starting the device, since it is necessary to warm up the heating chamber to the maximum temperature. In the future, hydrogen costs will decrease, since it will only be necessary to maintain the temperature.

3. It is assumed that the generated hydrogen will be able to provide heating of the device and the operation of external consumers. In addition, since the work of external consumers can be uneven (example: an internal combustion engine that consumes the largest amount of fuel during acceleration), a storage cylinder is provided for in the design. The storage cylinder is designed to start the device by using the accumulated hydrogen, maintaining the work of external consumers when the hydrogen produced is not enough, and the accumulation of hydrogen when it is produced in excess.

4. In connection with the operation of the device at high temperatures, it is necessary to create a device from heat-resistant materials. As such a material, ceramics, promising materials, or any other suitable working conditions can be considered. The condition for using the material is to withstand the load of the increase in pressure when the adiabatic compression system is activated.

5. In some cases, the system may contain one dissociation chamber, one piston, etc. But due to the number of dissociation chambers of more than one, system stability is achieved, i.e. while one dissociation chamber is filled with water gas, hydrogen is already being generated in the second. Then they change.

6. The adiabatic compression system may be similar to that described or may have other elements and the shape of the elements. The main idea of this system is to compress water gas to raise the temperature.

7. At the dissociation temperature, the molecules are in an unstable state, which allows increasing the dissociation rate using wave radiation. In this case, one emitter per one dissociation chamber can be used, as well as more. Moreover, their characteristics can be completely different, which will maximize the destabilization of atomic bonds in molecules.

8. A number of elements in the above method and device should have their own cooling systems that do not have a critical effect on the temperature of the water gas.

9. The valve of the distributor (14) may not have an external drive in the presence of an adiabatic compression system, since an increase in pressure in one of the dissociation chambers will automatically pressure the valve and block further access of water gas.

10. It is assumed that the dissociation chamber will be airtight in the first seconds of operation, when the separation of molecules into atoms has just begun to occur. This is necessary to prevent elements from entering the wrong outputs. Also, in the first seconds after all valves are closed, self-complacency of water gas occurs, at which its movement in one direction or another stops.

11. Dissociation is a reversible process, and atoms can combine into molecules at lower temperatures. In order to prevent this from happening, it is necessary to select the obtained elements separately from the dissociation chambers until the temperature drops.

12. The described method and device of a hydrogen separator for its implementation are quite mobile. Depending on the size of the elements used, it is possible to achieve both the use of this method in automobiles and the production of hydrogen on an industrial scale.

The achievement of high temperatures and radiation affecting the molecules of the substance contribute to the solution of the problems described earlier.

Claims (4)

1. The method of producing hydrogen by thermal dissociation of water or low-temperature dissociating substances containing hydrogen, comprising heating water and / or water gas or these low-temperature dissociating substances to temperatures above 2000 ° C and the use of microwave radiation, characterized in that the heating is carried out using previously stored hydrogen contained in a separate cylinder, the final dissociation of water and / or water gas or a low-temperature dissociating substance is carried out fuel in the dissociation chambers with the release of the obtained hydrogen through the hole in the upper part of the chamber and its further distribution. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that can be used a system of adiabatic compression of water gas. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of dissociation chambers is one or more. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that each dissociation chamber contains one or more microwave emitters.

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