RU2643835C1 - Washing machine for tuberous roots - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: machine contains loading and unloading trays, a bath with liquid and a driven perforated drum of conical shape installed in the bath. The drum is made of perforated strips of curvilinear shape of different order and degree of curvature with centres located outside or inside the cross section of the drum, forming along its perimeter a multithread helical perforated surface with smooth helical lines and helical grooves with an inclination angle relative to the axis of rotation inside or outside the drum, different sizes along the width of the perforated strips with their increase along the length of the drum from the inlet to the outlet, folded in a vertical plane in the longitudinal direction and curved along helical lines in the transverse direction of the mandrel in the form of a paraboloid of revolution. The outside perimeter of the screw drum produces ridges in the form of screw blades along its entire length from the inlet to the outlet.

EFFECT: use of the invention will increase the intensity and quality of washing, reduce the damage of tuberous roots, expand the technological capabilities of the machine.

14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for washing bulk materials, including root crops, vegetables, building materials, parts, and can be used in the construction, food, sugar, alcohol, canning and other sectors of the economy.

A known machine for washing bulk objects (RF patent No. 2305471, class A23N 12/02, publ. Bull. No. 25, 09/10/2007), containing loading and unloading trays, a bath with liquid and a drive drum installed in it, made around the perimeter of three or more vertically rolled up and sequentially interconnected perforated strips of the same width, with the formation of external perforated inlets along the perimeter of the drum.

A disadvantage of the known machine is the lack of intensity and quality of washing, limited technological capabilities.

Closest to the proposed invention is a machine for washing root crops (RF patent No. 22251362, class A23N 12/02, publ. Bull. No. 13, 05/10/2005) containing loading and unloading trays, a bath with liquid and a perforated drive installed in it cone-shaped drum made of guide elements in the form of perpendicular trapezoidal bands twisted along a helical line in the longitudinal direction and curved along a helical line on a conical mandrel in the transverse direction, with an increase in their width along the length of the drum from loading to unloading.

A disadvantage of the known machine is the lack of intensity and quality of washing, limited technological capabilities, damage to root crops.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the intensity and quality of washing, expanding technological capabilities, reducing damage to root crops.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a washing machine for root crops containing loading and unloading trays, a bath of liquid and a drive conical perforated drum installed in it, the drum is made of perforated curved strips of various orders and degrees of curvature with centers located outside or inside the cross section of the drum, with the formation along its perimeter of a multi-start screw perforated surface with smooth helical lines and helical grooves with an angle m of inclination relative to the axis of rotation inside or outside the drum, with different sizes along the width of the perforated strips with increasing along the length of the drum from the inlet to the outlet, rolled in a vertical plane in the longitudinal direction and curved along helical lines in the transverse direction on the mandrel in the form of a paraboloid of rotation moreover, on the outer perimeter of the helical drum inlets are formed in the form of helical blades along its entire length from the inlet to the outlet.

According to the patent literature not found a technical solution similar to the claimed, which allows to judge about the inventive step of the proposed design of the machine for washing root crops.

The novelty of the invention lies in the fact that such a design of the drum and its manufacture is a drum from perforated strips of curvilinear shape of various orders and degrees of curvature with centers located outside or inside the cross section of the drum, with the formation of a perforated multi-helical perforated surface with smooth helical perforated lines and helical grooves with an angle of inclination relative to the axis of rotation inside or outside the drum, with different dimensions in width bands with increasing along the length of the drum from the inlet to the outlet, folded in a vertical plane in the longitudinal direction and curved along the helical lines in the transverse direction on the mandrel in the form of a paraboloid of rotation, and along the outer perimeter of the screw drum inlets are formed in the form of screw blades all over it length from inlet to outlet, - provides an increase in the intensity and quality of washing, expansion of technological capabilities, reduction of damage to root crops.

The novelty also lies in the fact that the laps along the outer perimeter of the drum can be perforated without perforations, which expands the technological capabilities.

The novelty lies in the fact that due to the external helical surfaces of double curvature, the hydraulic resistance of water during rotation of the drum decreases, this helps to reduce energy consumption, which together with the geometric elements of a spiral conical drum improves its cavitation characteristics, expands technological capabilities, and reduces damage to root crops.

The novelty of the invention also lies in the fact that the drum along its entire length has a variable smooth not only transverse, but also smooth longitudinal section, which ensures a decrease in water resistance during its rotation, expands technological capabilities, and reduces damage to root crops.

The novelty is also seen in the fact that during rotation of the drum its contact with water is made by multi-channel channels of a curvilinear shape, which provides a decrease in water resistance during its rotation and energy consumption, expands technological capabilities, and reduces damage to root crops.

The novelty also lies in the fact that along the perimeter of the drum there are formed helical surfaces with a variable width of a concave curvilinear shape along its length, which reduces the resistance of water during rotation of the drum and expands technological capabilities.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where: in FIG. 1 shows a machine for washing root crops with a drum with inlets in the form of screw blades, general view; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. one; in FIG. 3 - drum without overlaps in the form of screw blades, General view; in FIG. 4 is a view A in FIG. 3 drums without overlaps in the form of screw blades; in FIG. 5 - one of the perforated strips, general view; in FIG. 6 is a view of a perforated strip after twisting its ends relative to the horizontal axis O ₁ -O ₁ ; in FIG. 7 is a view of a perforated strip after twisting it on a mandrel in the form of a paraboloid of revolution; in FIG. 8 is a section BB in FIG. 7; in FIG. 9 - drum with inlets in the form of screw blades, General view; in FIG. 10 is a view B in FIG. 9 drums with flaps in the form of screw blades; in FIG. 11 - one of the perforated strips with a lap, a General view; in FIG. 12 is a view of a perforated strip with an inlet after twisting its ends relative to the horizontal axis O ₂ —O ₂ ; in FIG. 13 is a view of a perforated strip with an inlet after twisting it on a mandrel in the form of a paraboloid of revolution; in FIG. 14 is a section BB in FIG. 13.

The washing machine for root crops (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) consists of a washing bath 1 on which a tray 2 for loading root crops, roller bearings 3 and 4, on which the drum 5 is mounted, an electromagnetic valve 6 for water supply are mounted (Fig. 2 ), an alarm control system 7 for adjusting the water level (Fig. 2), an unloading tray 8 for unloading root crops that have been washed. The drum 5 is equipped with a drive sprocket 9. At the bottom of the bath 1 there are bunkers 10 for collecting dirt and sand, to which one-turn mechanisms 11 for draining water, drain pipes 12 are attached. For manual opening of the shutters 13 (Fig. 2), if necessary, draining the water from the baths 1 single-turn mechanisms 11 are equipped with steering wheels 14. The drum 5 is equipped with bushings with support rings 15, 16 mounted for rotation on roller bearings 3 and 4. Continuous rotation of the drum 5 is carried out from the gear motor 17 through a chain gear 18 and a drive sprocket 9. For reducing the flow of water and improve the quality of washing in the drum water level is regulated by a control system 7 signaling and updated depending on the degree of pollution in the automatic mode.

The drum 5 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4) with an inlet 18 and an outlet 19 is made with the formation along its perimeter of multiple helical surfaces with smooth helical lines and helical grooves of a concave shape 20 with an angle of inclination relative to the axis of rotation of the curved outer surfaces of a concave shape 20 relative to the axis of symmetry of the drum 5 with the centers of curvature outside the drum 5 or inside (not shown in the drawings) described by curves of various orders and degrees of curvature, for example, lines of the second order of curvature:

- an ellipse x ² / a ² + y ² / b ² = 1;

- parabola y ² = 2 * p * x;

- hyperbola y = k / x;

lines of the third order of curvature and higher:

- Cartesian leaf x ³ + y ³ -3 * a * x * y = 0;

- Annezi curl y = a ³ * (α ² + x ² );

- stanoid y ³ = x ² (a + x) / (a-x);

- Pascal snail (x ² + y ² -2R * x) ^{2-a 2} * (x ² + y ² ) = 0, etc .;

and lines of the nth order of curvature - polynomials.

The hollow conical drum 5 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4) is made of perforated strips, for example, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 with side edges 31 and 32 of a convex curved shape (Fig. .5) made with different sizes along the width of the perforated strips, for example, in FIG. 5, the perforated strip 17 is made 33 wide at the outlet 19 of the conical screw drum 5, which is larger than the width 34 at the inlet 18 of the conical screw drum 5. Perforated strip 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 with lateral edges 31 and 32 of a convex curvilinear shape described by curves of various orders and degrees of curvature with different sizes along the width of the perforated strips 33 and 34 with increasing width of the perforated strips along the length of the conical screw drum 5 from the inlet 18 to the outlet 19, twisted along a helical line in the longitudinal direction (Fig. 6) relative to the longitudinal axis O ₁ -O ₁ and curved along the helical line in the transverse direction on the mandrel in the form of a paraboloid of revolution 35 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8), with the formation of a conical helical drum 5 helical lines 36 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4) and concave helical surfaces 10 in the form of helical grooves 37 with centers of curvature, for example, outside a hollow conical helical drum 5. Perforated strips 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 , 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 after folding are removed from the mandrel 35 (Fig. 7, FIG. 8) and connected to each other by the lateral sides (edges 31 and 32) by known methods, for example, by welding, with the formation along the perimeter of the hollow conical helical drum 5 smooth helical lines 36 and helical grooves - helical surfaces 37 with a variable increasing along the length of the hollow conical helical drum 5 in increments of S _1. One of the helical lines 38-39 is shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 thickened line.

A hollow conical screw drum 40 (FIG. 9, FIG. 10) with an inlet 41 and an outlet 42 is made with external curved surfaces of a concave shape 43 with respect to the axis of symmetry of the conical screw drum 40, with centers of curvature outside the conical screw drum 40, as well as inlets 56 (Fig. 11) outside the screw drum 40 in the form of screw blades, for example, 65 along the entire perimeter (Fig. 9, Fig. 10) and along the entire length of the screw drum 40 from the inlet 41 to the outlet 42.

The hollow conical helical drum 40 (Fig. 9, Fig. 10) is made of perforated strips, for example, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 60, 51, 52, 53, with side edges 54 and 55, including the inlet 56 on one side of the perforated strips of convex curvilinear shape (Fig. 11). The inlet 56 is shown in FIG. 11 separated from the perforated strip, for example 45 by a dash-dot line, with two points 57. The perforated strip, for example 45, is made with different sizes along the width of the perforated strip, for example, in FIG. 11, the perforated strip 45 is made 58 wide at the outlet 42 of the conical screw drum 40, which is greater than the width 59 at the inlet 41 of the conical screw drum 40. Perforated strips 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 60, 51, 52, 53 with flaps 56 and with lateral edges 54 and 55 of a convex curved shape are described by curves of various orders and degrees of curvature with different sizes along the width of 58 and 59 perforated strips with increasing width of the perforated strips along the length of the conical screw drum 40 from the inlet 41 to the outlet stiyu 42, twisted in a helical line in the longitudinal direction (FIG. 12) relative to the longitudinal axis O ₂ -O _2, and bent along a helical line in the transverse direction on the mandrel in the form of a paraboloid of rotation 60 (FIG. 13, FIG. 14) to form along the perimeter of the conical helical drum 40 smooth helical lines 61 (Fig. 9) and smooth helical perforated concave-shaped surfaces 43 in the form of helical grooves 62 with centers of curvature outside the hollow conical helical drum 40 or inside (not shown).

Perforated strips 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 60, 51, 52, 53 with inlets 56 after folding are removed from the mandrel 60 (Fig. 13, Fig. 14) and connected to each other by the side 54 of one perforated strip with a dash-dot line with two points 57 of another perforated strip by known methods, for example, welding, with the formation along the perimeter of the hollow conical helical drum 40 smooth helical lines 61 and helical surfaces 43 in the form of helical grooves with a variable, increasing along the length of the hollow conical helical drum 40 step S ₂ . One of the helical lines 63-64 is shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 thickened line. For example, the perforated strip 44 with its lateral helical edge 54 is connected to the perforated strip 45 along the dash-dot line with two points of the line 57 from its convex side, for example, by welding, in turn, the perforated strip 45 is connected with its screw edge 54 to the perforated strip 46 along its dash-dot line with two dots 57, etc. with the formation of a helical conical drum 40 with inlets 56 on the outside of the helical conical drum 40 in the form of helical blades, for example, 65 along the entire perimeter (Fig. 9, Fig. 10) and along the entire length of the helical drum 40 from the inlet 41 to the outlet 42.

Machine for washing root crops works as follows.

Root tubers (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) are fed through the loading tray 2 into the rotating drum 5, where they are captured by the internal helical surface and in the direction of rotation rise up and move to the discharge side. Upon reaching a certain height under the influence of gravitational forces and the resulting angle of repose, they fall into the water with subsequent simultaneous movement of the drum grooves 5 by the helical grooves towards the discharge side. Since the curved surfaces around the perimeter of the drum 5 are continuous, the process of movement of subsequent portions of root crops that rise up and fall back into the water is continuous. Since the surface of the drum 5 is curved, each portion of root crops moves in its direction vector towards the unloading direction, which greatly intensifies the process of mixing, grinding root crops with each other and with the walls of the drum 5, improves the quality of washing and expands technological capabilities. Since, due to the curvilinearity of the conical surface of the drum 5, the range of variation of the resulting displacement vectors of root and tuber crops is significantly expanded and they fall along different direction vectors, which provides a less chance of collision at the initial moment of their separation from the walls of the drum 5, where they have a large supply of kinetic energy, damage to root crops is significantly reduced. Filling the drum with root crops is carried out evenly. Water is supplied by a solenoid valve 6 and enters the bath, washing tubers in the drum 5 or in the drum 40. Water fills the space between the tubers, providing, in the process of their movement from loading to unloading, their washing without damage. There is an intensification of miscibility, an increase in the frequency of interaction of root crops, while washing intensity is increased, technological capabilities are expanded and self-cleaning of the holes of the perforated surface of the sections of the perforated drum 5 or 40 is ensured. Water quality from the top of the rotating drum also contributes to the improvement of washing quality, portions of which are captured by helical blades and helical grooves. Portions of water, thus, rise up and watered on top of the screw drum and through the perforations of the drum from above also root crops moving in the drum are also watered. Dirt and sand settle in the hopper 10 of the bath 1 and through the drain pipe 12 are discharged into a water intake device. At the output of the drum 5 or 40, peeled and washed root crops rise up and are discharged outside the machine through the discharge tray 8.

Technical and economic advantages are provided due to the intensification of the washing of particles of bulk materials, due to the violation of the stationary flow of particles of bulk materials and water inside the drum, as well as watering from above the drum using inlets in the form of screw blades.

Claims (1)

A tuber washing machine comprising loading and unloading trays, a liquid bath and a drive conical perforated drum installed in it, characterized in that the drum is made of perforated curved strips of various shapes and degrees of curvature with centers located outside or inside the cross section of the drum with the formation along its perimeter of a multi-start screw perforated surface with smooth helical lines and helical grooves with an angle of inclination relative to the axis of rotation inside or outside the drum, with different sizes along the width of the perforated strips with their increase along the length of the drum from the inlet to the outlet, rolled up in a vertical plane in the longitudinal direction and curved along helical lines in the transverse direction on the mandrel in the form of a rotation paraboloid, and the outer perimeter of the screw drum formed inlets in the form of screw blades along its entire length from the inlet to the outlet.

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