RU2539905C1 - Method of determining physical parameters of water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to material interaction physics, particularly to a method of determining physical characteristics - angle of internal friction φ_i and specific cohesion c_w of water with a liquid crystal structure. The relationship $$h_{film}=\sqrt{{\sigma }_{film}/{\gamma }_w}=\sqrt{\alpha /{\gamma }_w},$$

where σ_film is the surface tension of the upper layer of the water film at temperature T°C and normal atmospheric pressure p_atm.med=1.033 kg/cm² of the ambient medium, α is a test reference coefficient, is used to determine the thickness of the surface film of water; specific cohesion of water is determined as c_w=τ=γ_w·h_film=27.446 Pa for h_film=27.978·10^-4 m, and the angle of internal friction of water φ_i is determined from the relationship tgφ_i=1-[c_w/(γ_w·H)] at a given depth H.

EFFECT: method of determining physical characteristics of the angle of internal friction and specific cohesion of water with a liquid crystal structure.

1 tbl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the physics of contact interaction of a liquid crystal material medium - water under gravitational conditions.

There is a method of determining gravitational pressure in an array of connected material medium, which consists in the fact that the depth h of pressure measurement is established from the day surface, the tangential stress τ = ρ · g · h = γ · h, MPa, where γ = ρg, kg / cm ³ is the specific gravity of the material medium, ρ is the density of the medium, kg / m ³ , g is the acceleration of gravity, m / s ² , specific structural adhesion with _p , MPa, and the angle φ _{p of the} internal friction of the medium, characterized in that normal gravitational (household) pressure at a depth h of an array of connected mother Flax medium is determined from the dependence of p _b = (γ · h-c _p) ctgφ _page MPa, a cohesive material medium at a depth h <c _p / γ accept being in a stretched vertically tensioned state and equilibrated gas atmospheric pressure planet [1].

Pure water is considered from the standpoint of classical mechanics an incoherent medium that does not have internal friction and adhesion (c = 0, φ = 0) at positive ambient temperatures (T> 0 ° C) and normal pressure (p _atm.avg = 1.033 kg / cm ³ = 0.1014 MPa). However, water in its pure form has a surface tension of the upper layer (film) σ _pl .

A known method for determining the surface tension of the surface layer (film) of water according to the dependence σ _PL = P / l, which is determined by the force P applied to the metric unit of the rectilinear section of the water surface boundary in the direction tangent to the liquid surface at its equilibrium, and at different temperatures T ° C, the surface tension σ _{pl of the} water film is determined empirically [2].

The surface tension of water is due to its cohesion, that is, water should be characterized by physical parameters inherent in all material media - the angle φ _in internal friction and specific adhesion with _c . To date, only its coefficient α of surface tension at a given temperature is determined empirically. So, at T = 0 ° C - reference optimal coefficient α = σ _PL = 75.6 · 10 ^-3 N / m [2].

где σ_пл, кг/см, - величина поверхностного натяжения верхнего слоя пленки воды при температуре T°C и атмосферном давлении p_атм.ср=1,033 кг/см² окружающей среды, удельное сцепление воды при температуре T°C рассчитывают по зависимости и принимают равным c_в=τ=γ_в·h_пл=274,642·10^-6 кг/см²=27,446 Па при h_пл=27,978·10^-4 м; а угол φ_в внутреннего трения воды по глубине H водоема определяют из зависимости tgφ_в=1-[c_в/(γ_в·H)] и для жидкокристаллической структуры воды коэффициент внутреннего трения принимают f=tg44,7°=0,99≈1 с глубины H=28 см.The technical result of the method of determining the specific clutch and the angle φ _to the internal friction of water, comprising the steps of determining the temperature T ° C water at normal atmospheric pressure _atm.sr p = 1,033 kg / ^cm2, the specific weight of water taken _in γ = 981 kg / m ³ , establish the thickness h of the surface layer of the water film, characterized in that the thickness of the stretched surface layer of the water film is determined by the dependence $$h_{Pl}\sqrt{{\sigma }_{Pl}/{\gamma }_{\mathrm{at}}}=\sqrt{\alpha /{\gamma }_{\mathrm{at}}},$$

where σ _PL , kg / cm, is the surface tension of the upper layer of the film of water at a temperature of T ° C and atmospheric pressure p _atm.sr = 1,033 kg / cm ^{2 of} the environment, the specific adhesion of water at a temperature of T ° C is calculated according to the dependence and take equal to c _in = τ = γ _in · h _pl = 274.642 · 10 ^-6 kg / cm ² = 27.446 Pa with h _pl = 27.978 · 10 ^-4 m; and the angle φ internal friction _in water depth H is determined from the reservoir _in dependence tgφ = 1- [c _a / (γ _in · H)] and to the internal structure of the liquid crystal water take the coefficient of friction f = tg44,7 ° = 0,99≈ 1 with a depth of H = 28 cm.

При γ_в=981 кг/м³ и α=σ_пл=0,00739 кг/м величина h_пл=274,642·10^-4 м, а удельное сцепление воды c_в=τ_в=γ_вh_пл=274,642·10^-6 кг/см²=27,446 Па (таблица 1, фиг.1).Example 1. With gravitational pressure in a material medium p _b = (γ _in · hc _c ) ctgφ _in = 0, a film with a thickness p _b = 0 is formed on the water surface, with (γ _in · hc _c = 0), h = c _in / γ _in , where c _in is the specific adhesion of the surface film of water with thickness h and water in general, that is, c _in = τ-p · tgφ = τ _in = γ _in · h = ρ _in gh, that is, the specific adhesion of water is determined by the tangential ( tangential) by the tension tension of its surface film c _in = τ _in . The thickness of the film of water in a state of surface tension balanced by atmospheric pressure is determined by the dependence $$h_{Pl}\sqrt{{\sigma }_{Pl}/{\gamma }_{\mathrm{at}}}=\sqrt{\alpha /{\gamma }_{\mathrm{at}}}.$$

When _a γ = 981 kg / m ^3, and α = σ _m = 0.00739 kg / m _square value h = 274.642 × 10 ^-4 m, and specific cohesion _in water c = τ _s = γ _m = h _at 274.642 x 10 ^-6 kg / cm ² = 27.446 Pa (table 1, figure 1).

Table 1 Physical characteristics of water in depth H, at γ _in = 981 kg / cm ³ Water Depth H, cm Angle of internal thorns, φ ° The coefficient of internal thorns, f = tgφ Specific adhesion _in , Pa 0.2796 0 0 0 0.3068 5 0.875 27,446 0.33989 10 0.1763 0.38243 fifteen 0.2680 0.44017 twenty 0.3640 0,52457 25 0.4663 0.6239 thirty 0.5774 0.93385 35 0.7002 1.74 40 0.8391 2.1418 41 0.8693 2,811 42 0,9004 8.1594 44 0.9657 80,343 44.9 0,9965 one hundred 44.92 0,9972 802.17 44,99 0,9965 8020.4 44,999 one 80203 44,9999 one 8,0202 km 44,99999 one

The surface tension coefficient of the water surface (at a given temperature) α = s _pl = τ _in h _pl = s _in h = γ _in h ² = (981 kg / m ³ ) · (27.978 · 10 ^-4 m) ² = 76.79 · 10 ^-4 kg / m = 75.33 · 10 ^-3 N / m. At T = 0 ° C, the reference experimental coefficient of surface tension of water is α = 75.6 · 10 ^-3 N / m [2].

Example 2. The gravitational (household) pressure of water along the depth H of the reservoir is p _b = (γ _in · H-s _c ) ctgφ _c . When the specific adhesion of water with _in = 274.642 · 10 ^-6 kg / cm ² at a given depth H of the reservoir, the angle of internal friction will be equal to φ _in = arctg [(γ _in · H-s _c ) / p _b ], that is, tgφ _in = (γ _in · H-s _c ) p _b = 1-s _in / (γ _in · H), since the gravitational pressure of water is equal to its hydrostatic pressure p _b = γ _in · H. When _a γ = 981 kg / m ³ and with _a = 274.642 × 10 ^-6 kg / cm ² water is under pressure of its own weight of a liquid crystal structured with the internal friction angle φ = 44.99999 ° = 45 ° and coefficient of internal friction f = tgφ _in = 1 s depth H = s _in / [γ _in (1-tg44.99999 °)] = 274.642 · 10 ^-6 / [981 · 10 ^-6 (1-tgφ)} = 802027.3 cm = 8.02 km, for example, in the Mariana Trench. Almost from a depth of H = 1 m, the value of φ _in = 44.92 ° ≈45 ° (table 1, figure 1).

For the first time, physical parameters are determined for the angle φ _in internal friction and the specific adhesion with _in water along the depth of the reservoir, previously considered absent. The angle of internal friction of water increases with depth and becomes equal to φ = 45 ° (practically from a depth of H = 1 m), this explains the equality of the normal and tangential pressure at the water depth

τ _a = p _in tgφ _a + c _in = p _in tg45 ° + _C = p _b + c _a = [(γ _{in H-C)} / tgφ _i] + _C = γ _{in the} H-s _in + c _in = γ _in H

or p _in = τ _in = γ _in · H, that is, the normal pressure becomes comprehensive, which is confirmed experimentally.

Information sources

1. Application for patent No. 2013135028 / (052474)

“A method for determining gravitational pressure in an array of a coherent material medium” dated July 25, 2013

2. Koshkin N.I., Shirkevich M.G. Handbook of Elementary Physics / Publishing House 5, revised. and add. - “Science”, 1972. - p. 84.

Claims (1)

A method of determining the specific clutch and the angle φ _to the internal friction of water, comprising the steps of determining the temperature T ° C water at normal atmospheric pressure _atm.sr p = 1,033 kg / ^cm2, the specific weight of water taken _in γ = 981 kg / m ³ establish the thickness h of the surface layer of the water film, characterized in that the thickness of the stretched surface layer of the water film is determined by the dependence $$h_{Pl}\sqrt{{\sigma }_{Pl}/{\gamma }_{\mathrm{at}}}=\sqrt{\alpha /{\gamma }_{\mathrm{at}}},$$

where σ _PL , kg / cm - the surface tension of the upper layer of the film of water at a temperature of T ° C and atmospheric pressure p _atm.sr = 1,033 kg / cm ^{2 of} the environment, the specific adhesion of water at a temperature of T ° C is calculated by the dependence and taken equal c _in = τ = γ _in · h _pl = 274.642 · 10 ^-6 kg / cm ² = 27.446 Pa with h _pl = 27.978 · 10 ^-4 m; and the angle φ internal friction _in water depth H is determined from the reservoir _in dependence tgφ = 1- [c _a / (γ _in · H)] and to the internal structure of the liquid crystal water take the coefficient of friction f = tg44,7 ° = 0,99≈ 1 from a depth of H = 28 cm.