RU2539759C2 - Separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to milk separators and can be used in milk production and agriculture. Proposed separator is composed of the drum drive fitted on vertical shaft and including cover, central pipe with bottom to accommodate detachable stack of trough, trough holder. The latter has vertical wall provided with three slits changing into vertical guides that make feed channels. Every trough at holder has cut-outs in number complying with trough holder feed channels. Plate-like guides of trough holder extend towards the edges and in circle, opposite the drum revolution, so that angles composed by milk particle revolution speed vector $${\overline{\upsilon }}_{\text{resp}}$$

with respect to plate guides and inverse vectors of peripheral speed $${\overline{\upsilon }}_{\text{perp}}$$

of plate-type guides makes at feed channel inlets +10°…+50° and -20°…+20° at their outlets.

EFFECT: lower fluid turbulization owing to smooth variation of flow direction and width, higher quality of milk separation to cream and non-fat milk.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to technological equipment for the separation of milk into fractions and can be used in enterprises of the dairy industry and in agriculture.

Known separator [A. S. 858924 USSR, MKP V04V 7/08. Separator / V.A. Karamzin, E.M. Borisovets, V.A. Alenushkin, G.D. Novikova, E.V. Semenov (USSR). - No. 2880608 / 28-13; Stated 01.02.80; Publ. 08/30/81, Bull. Number 32. - 3 p.], Containing a drum mounted on the shaft, which is equipped with a package of conical plates having holes with fairings. Each fairing consists of at least two plates located along the generatrix of the conical plate, the ends of which are located directly at the holes, while the width of the plate is equal to or greater than the diameter of the hole.

The disadvantage of this separator is its low separation efficiency, since the inter-plate space along the height of the plate package is loaded differently and there are undesirable swirls of the fluid flow around the plate openings.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a centrifugal drum for separating liquid [A.S. 277628 USSR, MKP V04V 7/08, A01J 11/10. The centrifugal separator drum for liquid separation / V.I. Sokolov, A.I. Guslavsky (USSR). - No. 1318698 / 28-13; Declared 04.04.69; Publ. 07.22.70, Bull. Number 24. - 2 p.], Containing a hollow plate holder with a solid base, having a slot height, for example, three, for supplying a liquid to be separated into a plate package installed on the plate holder, each of which has slots according to the number of slots in the plate holder, and in the latter two plate guides included in the slotted plates.

The disadvantage of this device is the presence of turbulization of the fluid flow at the exit of the plate guides of the plate holder due to a sharp change in the direction of movement and the width of the flow, which leads to its pulsation, the presence of unwanted swirls, to partial crushing of fat balls of milk with their subsequent entrainment from the inter-tray space with the flow skim milk.

The claimed invention is aimed at eliminating the noted drawbacks and the following technical result was obtained from its use: reducing the turbulization of the fluid flow at the exit from the plate guides with the reduction of crushing of fat globules and their loss due to entrainment into skim milk due to a smooth change in the direction of movement and the width of the fluid flow during separation, which will improve the quality of the separation of milk into cream and skim milk.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that a separator-cream separator is proposed, comprising a drum mounted on a vertical shaft of the drive, including a hollow tray holder with a solid base, having three slots in height for supplying a shared liquid to the tray package installed on the tray holder, each of which has slots by the number of slots in the plate holder, and in the slots there are two plate guides included in the slots of the plates, which form extending to the periphery leading to the channels and are made along an arc of a circle opposite to the direction of rotation of the drum so that the angles formed by the velocity vector of the milk particle relative to the plate guides and the reverse direction of the circumferential speed vector of the plate guides are + 10 ° ... + 50 ° at the entrance to the supply channels and at the exit from them -20 ° ... + 20 °.

Figure 1 schematically shows the drum of the separator-cream separator, a longitudinal section; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1.

частицы молока относительно пластинчатых направляющих 9 и 10 и обратным направлением вектора окружной скорости $${\overline{\upsilon }}_{окр}$$

пластинчатых направляющих 9 и 10 составляют на входе в подводящие каналы +10°…+50° и на выходе из них -20°…+20°..The separator-cream separator is made in the form of a drum 2 drive mounted on a vertical shaft 1, including a cover 3, a central tube 4 with a bottom 5, on which with a removable package of plates 6 there is a hollow plate holder 7 having in the vertical wall along the height of the plate package 6 slots 8, passing into the plate guides 9 and 10, which form the supply channels 11. Each plate 6 mounted on the plate holder 7, has slots 12 according to the number of supply channels 11 of the plate holder 7. Plate guides 9 and 10 of the plate holder 7 made expanding to the periphery and located in an arc of a circle opposite to the direction of rotation of the drum 2 so that the angles α ₁ and α ₂ formed by the velocity vector $${\overline{\upsilon }}_{\mathrm{about}tn}$$

milk particles relative to the plate guides 9 and 10 and the reverse direction of the peripheral velocity vector $${\overline{\upsilon }}_{\mathrm{about}\mathrm{to}R}$$

plate guides 9 and 10 are at the entrance to the supply channels + 10 ° ... + 50 ° and at the exit from them -20 ° ... + 20 ° ..

The radius of the arc of the plate guide is determined by the formula [Leonov V.P. Calculation of a centrifugal supercharger / V.P. Leonov. - M.: Publishing House of MSTU. N.E. Bauman. - 2006. - P.17]:

where r ₁ is the inner radius of the plate holder or the radius of the beginning of the arc of the circle of the plate guide;

r ₂ is the radius of the end of the arc of the circumference of the guide.

The radius of the end of the arc of the circle of the guide is determined by the formula:

where a is a value determined by the performance of the separator;

r _n is the radius of the neutral layer.

The “+” sign in the formula (2) is taken for the plate guides 9 located forward in the direction of rotation of the drum 2, and the “-” sign for the following plate guides 10.

The radius of the neutral layer is determined by the formula [Romankov P.G. Liquid separators / P.G. Romankov, S.A. Plyushkin. - L .: Mechanical engineering. - 1976. - P.11]:

where C is the volume fraction of cream in milk;

r _max is the maximum radius of the plate;

r ₀ is the radius of the free surface of milk in the central tube of the bottom of the drum.

The radius of the circle on which the center of the radius of the arc of the plate guide is located is determined by the formula [Leonov V.P. Calculation of a centrifugal supercharger / V.P. Leonov. - M.: Publishing House of MSTU. N.E. Bauman. - 2006. - P.17]:

частицы молока относительно пластинчатых направляющих 9 и 10 и обратным направлением вектора окружной скорости $${\overline{\upsilon }}_{окр}$$

пластинчатых направляющих 9 и 10, составляют на входе в подводящие каналы +10°…+50° и на выходе из них -20°…+20°, способствует лучшему выделению молочного жира из молока, уменьшению ударного воздействия на жировые шарики, приводящего к их дроблению и уносу из межтарелочного пространства с потоком обезжиренного молока, стабилизации структуры потока жидкости на выходе из пластинчатых направляющих 9 и 10 за счет плавного изменения направления движения и ширины потока по подводящим каналам 11, что позволяет повысить качество разделения молока на сливки и обезжиренное молоко.The separator cream separator operates as follows. When the drive shaft 1 rotates, the torque is transmitted to the drum 2. When it reaches the nominal speed, milk is supplied that passes through the central tube 4 of the drum 2 and enters the slots 8. Then, passing through the supply channels 11 between the plate guides 9 and 10, it is evenly distributed in the inter-plate space along the height of the package of plates 6, where it is divided into cream and skim milk. The separation of milk into fractions begins already when passing through the supply channels 11, and the fat balls, as a lighter fraction, are located closer to the plate guides 10 and at the exit from them, since a vacuum forms behind them, tend along the outer surface of the forming plate 6 to the axis drum 2. Skim milk and smaller fat globules are located under the action of centrifugal force closer to the plate guides 9 and when they exit from them, they spread along the inter-tray conically expanding gap of the plate pack 6, o where skim milk goes to the periphery of the drum 2, and smaller fat balls are displaced to the axis of the drum 2. Then skim milk and cream are removed from the drum 2 through the corresponding holes 13 and 14. The supply channels 11 are expanded to the periphery, formed by plate guides 9 and 10 along the circular arc is opposite to the direction of rotation of the drum so that the angles formed by the velocity vector $${\overline{\upsilon }}_{\mathrm{about}tn}$$

milk particles relative to the plate guides 9 and 10 and the reverse direction of the peripheral velocity vector $${\overline{\upsilon }}_{\mathrm{about}\mathrm{to}R}$$

lamellar guides 9 and 10, constitute + 10 ° ... + 50 ° at the entrance to the supply channels and -20 ° ... + 20 ° at the exit from them, contributes to a better release of milk fat from milk, reduction of the impact on fat globules leading to them crushing and entrainment from the inter-tray space with a skim milk flow, stabilization of the fluid flow structure at the exit from the plate guides 9 and 10 due to a smooth change in the direction of movement and the width of the flow along the supply channels 11, which improves the quality of milk separation willow and skim milk.

Claims (1)

A separator-cream separator containing a drum mounted on a vertical shaft of the drive, including a hollow plate holder with a solid base, having three slots in height for supplying a liquid to be separated into a package of plates installed on the plate holder, each of which has slots according to the number of slots in the plate holder, and is installed in the slots two plate guides included in the slot of the plates, characterized in that the plate guides form expanding channels extending to the periphery and are made along an arc of opposite to the direction of rotation of the drum so that the angles formed by the velocity vector of the milk particle relative to the plate guides and the reverse direction of the circumferential speed vector of the plate guides are + 10 ° ... + 50 ° at the entrance to the supply channels and -20 ° ... + at the exit from them 20 °.

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