RU2538998C1 - Method of treatment of sod soils with simultaneous fertiliser application and sowing seeds and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises cutting bands of sod with the width of 1-10 cm with their subsequent undercutting, grinding and dispersion in the form of mulch on the surface of the undisturbed sod. In addition, the milling of sod-free soil bands is carried out with vertical mills, mineral fertilisers are locally applied in soil in the treated soil bands, the soil bed is formed, and sowing of seeds is carried out with covering them with soil ridge. Additionally loosening the soil in a horizontal plane under the undisturbed sod layer is carried out at a depth of 4-8 cm from the surface of the sod and with the width of 8-15 cm on the left and right from the edges of the soil bands treated with vertical mills. The device comprises vertical milling section with casings located on the frame with gear drive, flat circular knives, grinders of sod bands, the fertiliser and seed hoppers with seeding mechanisms, coulters with fertiliser and seed guides, rollers for forming a seed bed, and skids for covering seeds with soil ridges. The device is additionally provided with horizontal milling sections with vertical axes to loosen the soil under the layer of undisturbed sod on the left and right from the edges of the soil band treated with vertical mills.

EFFECT: technology and design enable to reduce water and wind soil erosion, to provide favourable conditions for moisture accumulation, to reduce soil compaction with wheels of vehicles, and to ensure the reduction of energy consumption.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in the soil-protection system of agriculture, in particular in methods of radical improvement of natural and degenerated seeded hayfields and pastures, as well as for their protection from water and wind erosion.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce soil erosion and improve water absorption, increase land productivity and reduce the energy intensity of the process.

A known method of improving natural fodder land and a device for its implementation, including cutting turf into strips, cutting these strips, sowing seeds and fertilizers directly in the turf of the improvement stripe, wrapping the strips 180 degrees and putting them in their own furrows with a vegetative cover down / 1 /.

A disadvantage of the known method and device is the high energy intensity and complexity of the device due to the rotation of the formation by 180 degrees and, in connection with this, the appearance of increased water and air erosion of soil layers, the shedding of part of fertilizers and seeds from the surface of sod strips during their turning, as well as partial loss the germination of seeds sown in turf (at the same time as granules of mineral fertilizers sown there) due to direct contact of some seeds with fertilizer granules and, as a result, a decrease in the yield herbal herbs.

There is a method of accelerated tilling of soddy soil of fodder land and a device for its implementation, which consists in the fact that they conduct rough milling of the soil with the incorporation of turf into the lower layers of the soil, loosening the compacted track along the traces of the energy source, pre-sowing grinding of the upper layer of the soil formation, leveling the formation with its compaction and sowing seeds on a compacted bed with local application of the starting dose of mineral fertilizers / 2 /.

A disadvantage of the known method and device is their low productivity and high energy intensity due to the content of a large number of steps for processing soddy soil (especially a large amount of energy is spent on cutting five slots 15 cm wide and 18-22 cm deep).

A known method of improving natural fodder land and a device for its implementation, in which they use cutting sod layers into strips up to 30 cm wide, cutting slots 5-8 cm wide and 23-27 cm deep, laying cut sod layers with ribs in the slots made, and grass seeds are sown on a free bed of a recess (20-22 cm) and they are covered with soil extracted from open slots / 3 /.

The disadvantages of the aforementioned method and device include the complexity of the design of the device, high energy costs (especially when tearing the gap) and a significant surface of the open soil (the width of each strip is 20-22 cm), which can lead to partial soil erosion during rains or to the appearance of air erosion during drought.

Closest to the achieved result is a method of combating erosion of soils occupied by natural fodder land, chosen as a prototype, which consists in cutting slits, pruning sod layers on both sides of the slots in which grass seeds are sown and wrapping sod layers 90 degrees towards each other so that the upper ends of the layers are in contact, covering the gap / 4 /.

The disadvantage of this method is that it does not provide complete closure of the furrow with cut strips of turf and this will provoke water and wind erosion of open sections of furrows. In addition, cutting slots with a depth of 30-40 cm will require increased energy consumption.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is the device selected as a prototype, having rotary cutters with vertical axes of rotation / 5 /.

Tillage machines are located on a horizontal bracket with vertical axis of rotation, on which rotors are mounted with working elements rotating in a horizontal plane.

The disadvantages of this device include, firstly, the lack of working bodies for anti-erosion treatment and decompression of the soil. The latter is manifested in the form of a consequence when tractor units pass through sections of cultivated fields.

This will not allow to qualitatively improve the surface of hayfields and pastures and reduce soil erosion; secondly, in the case of the operation of this device on soils with a heavy mechanical composition, with lumpy soils and a powerful sod root system, then with previously uncut and unremoved sod tapes along the route of horizontal mills, the quality of soil preparation will be poor due to incomplete separation of the sod from the soil and incomplete grinding of root residues, which will result, both in the uneven distribution of seeds during planting and in the fact that part of the seeds will be planted not in the soil, but partially lchennuyu weight turf root system and green mass, resulting in deterioration of germination of seeds and sown in the partial loss of the crop.

The invention is aimed at solving the following problems: to improve the conditions for the development and growth of sown grasses and crops while improving the quality of cultivation of soddy soils while reducing the energy intensity of soil cultivation processes.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the proposed method for processing soddy soils with the simultaneous application of fertilizers and sowing seeds, including cutting strips of sod with their subsequent cutting, grinding and distribution in the form of mulch on the surface of the remaining untouched sod, milling of soil strips freed from sod , with a section of milling cutters working in a vertical plane, local sowing of granules of mineral fertilizers to the full depth of the treated soil strips, which is 2-4 cm higher than the depth of sowing seeds, sowing the seedbed, sowing grass seeds on it and coating them with a loose soil comb with its subsequent compaction, according to the invention, carry out an additional operation of pruning untouched turf by horizontal milling at a depth of 4-8 cm from the surface of the turf to the left and right of the strips processed by vertical milling cutters soil (8-15 cm from the edge of each cultivated strip of soil).

The problem is also solved due to the fact that in the proposed device for processing soddy soils with the simultaneous application of fertilizers and sowing seeds, the following equipment is installed on the frame, connected to each other by a gear with gear and star gears with the possibility of free rotation, namely: sections of vertical tillage mills with protective covers; fertilizer and seed bins with sowing mechanisms, with openers and seed and fertilizer guides; flat circular knives working in a vertical plane for cutting strips of sod; knives for cutting cut strips and choppers to turn these strips into mulch; rollers for forming the seed bed; snake for the formation of soil ridges; a mechanism for adjusting the constant depth of soil cultivation, and also, according to the invention, sections of horizontal tillage milling cutters with L-shaped knives are installed on the frame for loosening the soil under the untreated vertical cutter sod to the left and right of the soil strips with removed sod at a depth of 4-8 cm from the surface of the turf.

Comparison of the claimed method and device with prototypes shows that the new in the proposed method and device is that horizontal cutters loosen only the soil layer under the turf layer without affecting the turf, and their axes follow the center line of the strips with previously removed turf and that the soil in these strips is pre-treated with vertical cutters to a depth slightly less than the radius of the vertical cutter.

Thus, the claimed method and device meet the criterion of "novelty."

The claimed method and device can only be implemented in the proposed method and device, which indicates compliance with the principle of "unity of invention".

The present invention meets the criterion of "inventive step" since, a result can be achieved that satisfies a substantial need, namely, reducing wind and water erosion, improving the germination capacity of seeds planted in a turf and increasing the yield of herbs, as well as reducing energy costs.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1 - structural and technological scheme of the device, side view.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional diagram of a section of soddy soil explaining the sequence and results of interaction with soil of various organs of the device

A device for implementing the inventive method for processing soddy soils and sowing (Fig. 1) contains a frame 1, on which is located a gearbox 2 with bevel gears 3, 4, 5, used to change the direction of rotation of the axes by 90 degrees and star gears 6, 7, 8 , 9, 10 for the drive with the help of drive chains 11, 12, 13 sections of vertical mills 14 and sowing mechanisms 15, 16 of the fertilizer 17 and seed bins. On the front of the frame 1, double flat disk knives 19 are freely rotatable in a vertical plane for cutting sod tapes of a given width, a knife 20 for cutting these tapes and shredders 21 for crumbling the tapes and scattering their residues on the sod untouched by the vertical milling cutters. In front of the disk knives 19, wheels 22 are mounted on the frame 1, copying the turf relief during the movement of the device and connected through the hinge system to the disks 19, casings 23 and ears 24 of the frame 1. The sections of the vertical mills 14 are covered by casings 23, to which through the hinges 25 and the adjustment plates 26 are attached to coulters 27 and runners 28, behind which sections of horizontal milling cutters 29 are installed, having vertical axes 30, which are connected to gearbox 2 through spline connections 31 and through bevel gears 5.

The splined joints 31 of the horizontal milling sections 29 are pivotally connected on one side to the wheels 32, which, when the device is moving, copy the sod field relief in the same way as the wheels 22, and on the other hand are pivotally connected to the rollers 33, seed guides and runners 34, forming soil ridges for sheltering sown seeds. Wheels 22, 32, circular knives 19 and roller 33 are spring-loaded with springs 35, 36, 37, 38 to adjust the pressure on them depending on the state of the soil. The support wheels of the device of FIG. 1 are not shown.

All equipment installed on the proposed device and intended for tillage, has a shutdown mechanism by lifting this equipment to the transport position.

The device operates as follows.

Before starting work, all equipment intended for tillage is installed in the working position. While the device is moving, flat vertical circular knives 19 cut the turf 39 with tapes of a given width, from 1 to 10 cm, and flat-cutting knives 20 located immediately after the disks cut these tapes and feed them to shredders 21, which crumble these tapes and scatter its particles onto an untouched surface turfs, to the right or left of the cutting knives 20. Vertical milling sections 14, installed strictly in the wake of the removed turf tapes and driven by drive chains 12 using sprockets 6, are processed in a vertical plane stripes of soil free from sod with the formation of slots 40 (Fig. 2-a), partially covered with loose soil 42, remaining from the work of vertical mills 14, and the following coulters 27, mounted on the casing 23, form a soil bed on which the guides 28 locally, using the sowing mechanisms 15, the granules of mineral fertilizers 41 located in the hopper 17. Simultaneously with the operation of the mills 14, the spring-loaded wheels 22, driving along the surface of the untreated turf, copy its profile and transfer all changes through articulated joints the surface of the field on the cutting disk knives 19 and casings 23, with which the axis of the vertical milling sections 14 are rigidly connected.

Also strictly following the tracks of the removed tapes, the sods move in the vertical plane of the axis 30 of the horizontal milling sections 29. The axles 30 are connected to the gearbox 2 through splines 31 and bevel gears 5 to transmit rotation to the horizontal milling cutters 29, which, while rotating, loosen the soil on both sides of the vertical slit 40 at a depth of 4-8 cm from the surface of the turf and approximately 2-4 cm above the granules of mineral fertilizers, which during operation of the device are covered with loose soil, formed from the work of horizontal milling cutters 29.

Following the horizontal milling cutters, the rollers 33 move and form a dense seed bed 45 in loose soil, onto which the seed guides use the sowing mechanisms 16 to direct the seeds 43 from the hopper 18, and the following runners 34 cover the seeds with the soil comb 44.

The runners 34, seed guides, rollers 33 and the axes of the horizontal cutters 30 are pivotally connected to the wheels 32, which during the movement of the device copy the surface relief of the untouched turf and thereby help maintain the cutters 29 a constant depth of tillage.

Information sources

1. SU 1375154 A01B 79/02, 49/06. Bull. No. 17, 1988

2. RU 2423034 A01B 79/02. Bull. No.19, 2011

3. SU 1621819 A01B 79/00 40/06. Bull. No 3, 1991

4. SU 1690576 A01B 79/02 49/04. Bull. No. 42, 1991

5. SU 1762770 A01B 33/06. Bull. No. 35, 1992

Claims (2)

1. A method of treating soddy soils with the simultaneous application of fertilizers and sowing seeds of grass or crops, including cutting sod tapes 1-10 cm wide, followed by cutting, grinding and spreading mulch on the surface of untouched sod, milling soil-free soil tapes vertical milling cutters, the local application of mineral fertilizers in the processed soil tapes, the formation of the soil bed, sowing seeds and covering the seeds with a soil comb, characterized in that they are additionally carried out Leniye soil in a horizontal plane beneath the turf untouched at a depth 4-8 cm from the turf surface and a width of 8-15 cm from the left and right edges of the strips of soil treated with the vertical mills. 2. A device for processing soddy soils with the simultaneous application of fertilizers and sowing seeds, containing vertical milling sections with casings located on the frame with a drive through the gearbox, flat disk knives, shredder belt shredders, fertilizer and seed bins with sowing mechanisms, coulters with fertilizer and by seed guides, rollers for forming a seed bed and runners for covering seeds with soil ridges, characterized in that the device is additionally equipped with horizontal milling sections with vertical axes A loosening of the soil beneath the turf untouched by the left and right edges of the tape from the soil treated with vertical mills.

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