RU2537157C1 - Equipment of rescuer operating under conditions of emergency situations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: rescue equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to equipment of rescuers in the sphere of emergencies, in particular, for equipping the rescuers in conducting salvage and rescue operations under conditions of natural and manmade disasters. The equipment of the rescuer operating under conditions of emergencies, contains a light protective suit of the rescuer, consisting of trousers with protective stockings, a shirt with a hood, mittens and a balaclava, and the trousers are sewn together with the stockings, ending with a rubber vamp with the boots, and the ribbons are sewn to them for attachment to the feet, and in the upper part of the trousers there are shoulder straps and half-rings, and the shirt is combined with the hood, is characterised in that it is additionally provided with a protective waistcoat against electromagnetic radiation, consisting of a fabric lining connected to the protective sheath, and in the fabric lining elastic frame racks are fixed by retainers to the waist strap, and the protective sheath is mounted on the elastic frame racks, while the protective sheath is made three-layered, and the said first layer facing the environment surrounding the operator, is processed with a foam multifunctional composition for degassing, disinfection, disinsection, deactivation and shielding the surfaces, volumes and objects against hazardous agents and substances with foam, when the liquid phase of the foam is a solution of clathrate didecyldimethylammonium halide with urea as the active substance in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight, and clathrate didecyldimethylammonium halide with urea is used as clathrate didecyldimethylammonium chloride with urea and/or clathrate didecyldimethylammonium bromide with urea, and the composite material for protection against electromagnetic radiation consists of a polymer base in which particles of compounds are distributed - (Fe, Si) or - Co with a nanocrystalline structure with the bulk density of (0.6÷4.4)·10^-5 1/nm³, and the polymer base for fixing the position of the powder particles with the nanocrystalline structure is formed as alternating structure elements arranged at an angle of 90° to each other, and each of the elements is made in the form of elongated particles arranged in parallel rows, and the particles located on the left and right of it are shifted by an amount not exceeding half the maximum particle size, and the optimum range is the following range of values of bulk density of nanocrystals in an amorphous matrix: more than 0.6·10^-5 1/nm³, but less than 1.4·10^-5 1/nm³, while it additionally comprises a boot of the rescuer operating under emergency conditions, containing a bootleg and a vibration-proof sole with a sealed cavity located in the lower part and provided with a check valve for communicating with the external environment and a source of compressed air, and the sealed cavity is connected via a throttling sleeve to a damping hollow chamber made of a rigid vibration-damping material, such as plasticate of the type "Agat", and located inside the heel, and over the sealed cavity there is an elastic sealed shell, equidistant and congruent to it, filled with silicone fluid, and above it there is the insole made of a needled fabric like "Vybrosyl" based on silica or aluminoborosilicate fibres, and as the sole material used is a vibration absorbing material such as an elastomer or polyurethane with the porosity degree in the range of optimal values of 30÷45%, and the shape of the damping chamber may be formed as a polyhedral, for example in the form of a cube, and formed by bodies of revolution, such as a cylinder, sphere, and as the materials of the sealed elastic-damping cavity and the elastic sealed shell the following materials can be used: elastomers, such as rubber, cast polymer, such as polyurethane, rubber-cord shell, while with a damping chamber, in its middle part, the protective insert is rigidly connected, made of an elastic material more rigid than the sole, and used as an additional elastic element in the vibration-proof system "shoe-man", and it additionally comprises the means for preventing sliding of the shoes, comprising a substrate, the front side of which is provided with an abrasive coating, and the wrong side - with an adhesive coating, and the substrate is used as the elastic polymer material, the wrong side of the substrate with the adhesive coating is provided with a delaminated protective layer, and the abrasive coating on the front side of the substrate is made in the form of abrasive particles fixed directly to the substrate or as an intermediate layer glued to the substrate with the abrasive particles fixed to it, and the substrate is made in the form of a rectangle with a side length of at least 4 cm, or a circle with a diameter of not less than 4 cm, or in the form of a tip or heel part of the shoe sole, and the thickness of the substrate is 0.2-2.0 mm.

EFFECT: improvement of protection of the rescuer operating under emergency conditions, attended by explosions, shocks and seismic impact.

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Description

The invention relates to the equipment of rescuers in the field of emergency, in particular, to equip rescuers during emergency rescue operations in natural and man-made emergencies.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object is the lifeguard equipment containing a light protective suit L-1 of the company LLC “Raboservice +”, published on the website http://www.raboservice.ru/about [1], designed to protect against radioactive dust, chemical and bacteriological effects on humans. L-1 suits are selected by height: the first size is for people up to 165 cm tall, the second is from 166 to 172 cm, the third is 173 cm and above. TU 005296-84. Protective raincoat OP-1M according to TU 005296-84. Protective stockings according to TU 005296-84. The dimensions of the suit L-1 are indicated on the front side of the shirts and at the bottom. Weight about 3 kg - [prototype].

A disadvantage of the well-known equipment and clothing of rescuers is the relatively low degree of protection against seismic effects.

A technically achievable result is an increase in the effectiveness of the protection of a rescuer operating in emergency situations, accompanied by explosions, shocks and seismic effects.

This is achieved by the fact that in the equipment of a lifeguard operating in emergency situations, which contains a lightweight protective suit of a lifeguard with a protective vest from electromagnetic radiation, consisting of trousers with protective stockings, shirts with a hood, two-fingered gloves and a hood, and the trousers are sewn together with stockings, ending with rubber osoyuzka with bots, to which ribbons are sewn for fastening to the legs, a protective vest from electromagnetic radiation is additionally provided, consisting of a fabric lining connected to the guard a solid shell, and elastic frame racks are fixed in the fabric lining by means of clips on the waist belt, and the protective shell is attached to the elastic frame racks, while the protective shell is made of three layers, and the first layer facing the operator’s environment is treated with a polyfunctional composition for degassing, disinfection, disinsection, decontamination and shielding of surfaces, volumes and objects from hazardous agents and substances with foam, where the liquid phase of the foam is a solution of didecyld clathrate methylammonium halide with urea as the active compound in an amount of from 0.1 to 5% by weight, and as a clathrate didecyldimethylammonium halide with urea clathrate using didecyldimethylammonium chloride with urea and / or clathrate didecyldimethylammonium bromide with urea. A composition may be used where a didecyldimethylammonium bromide clathrate with urea is used as the didecyldimethylammonium halide clathrate.

In Fig.1 shows a General view of the proposed equipment of the rescuer, operating in emergency situations, in particular, the scheme of a protective suit of a rescuer, Fig.2 is a variant of the protective suit of a rescuer with a gas mask, Fig.3 is a structural diagram of a protective suit of a rescuer 4 shows the design of the protective vest against electromagnetic interference, FIG. 5 is a diagram of the protective shell of the protective vest, FIG. 6 is the structure of the composite material, FIG. 7 shows a longitudinal section of the proposed design of the lifeguard boot, otayuschego in emergency conditions, in Figure 8 - a longitudinal section of the proposed design with the substrate slip layer.

The equipment of a lifeguard operating in emergency situations contains a light protective suit of a lifeguard (Figs. 1 and 3), which consists of trousers 7 with protective stockings, a shirt 1 with a hood 2, two-fingered gloves 11 and a comforter. Pants 7 are sewn together with stockings ending in rubber osoyuzki with bots 8. Ribbons 9 are sewn to them for fastening to the legs. In the upper part of the trousers there are shoulder straps 10 and half rings (not shown in the drawing). Shirt 1 is combined with hood 2, an intermediate strap 5 is sewn to the lower edge at the back, which is passed between the legs and fastens on a button in the lower part of shirt 1 in front. Bag 6 is fixed on the strap. The sleeves end with loops 4, which are worn on the thumb after putting on the gloves 11. On the sleeves of the jacket there are cuffs that fit the wrist. The hood 2 is fixed to the neck with a tape 3 and a plastic peg. The bottom of the jacket (shirt) is pulled together with elastic tape and equipped with an inguinal belt (not shown in the drawing). The trousers are held with two straps 10 and buckles of half rings and are fixed at the bottom with straps.

A variant of the suit is possible (Fig. 2) as an army tool for individual protection from radioactive dust and drip-aerosol toxic substances, equipped with a gas mask. The suit is not insulating. When infected, the suit is subject to special treatment and can be used many times in the future. It is made of rubberized fabric UNKL-3 or fabric T-15 and consists of one-piece trousers with stockings, a jacket with a hood and three-fingered mittens. On the sleeves of the jacket there are cuffs that fit the wrist.

A light protective suit of a lifeguard can be equipped with a protective vest from electromagnetic radiation (Fig. 4), which consists of a fabric lining 12, in which elastic frame racks 13 are fixed by means of latches 15 on the waist belt. The protective shell 14 is mounted on the elastic frame racks 13. The protective shell (figure 5) 14 can be fixed on the frame racks 13 over the entire area of the torso of a human operator, including the shoulder joints and hands (not shown).

The protective shell 14 is made of three layers, and the first layer facing the operator’s environment is made in the form of interconnected rings, the material of which is stainless steel, which is treated with a composite material with enhanced protective properties against electromagnetic radiation. The third layer 16, facing the operator’s body, is made of perforated polymeric material, for example, aramid fiber, and the second layer 17 located between them is made of elastic mesh elements. The density of the mesh structure of the elastic mesh elements is in the optimal range of 1.2 g / cm ³ ... 2.0 g / cm ³ , the material of the wire of the elastic mesh elements is steel grade EI-708, and its diameter is in the optimal range of values 0.09 mm ... 0.15 mm.

Composite material for protection against electromagnetic radiation (Fig.6) consists of a polymer base with particles 18 and 20, in which particles of 19 compounds are distributed - (Fe, Si) or - Co with a nanocrystalline structure with a bulk density (0.6 ÷ 1.4 ) · 10 ^-5 1 / nm ³ . The polymer base for fixing the position of powder particles with a nanocrystalline structure is made in the form of alternating structural elements with particles 18 and 20 located at an angle of 90 ° to each other, and each of the elements with particles is made in the form of elongated particles arranged in parallel rows, moreover, the particles located to the left and to the right of it are shifted by an amount not exceeding half the maximum particle size. The use of a material with a nanocrystalline structure as a filler provides an increase in magnetic permeability.

It was experimentally established that when the bulk density of nanocrystals in the amorphous matrix is less than 0.6 · 10 ^-5 1 / nm ^{3, the} effect of increasing the magnetic permeability is not observed. When the bulk density of the nanocrystals in the amorphous matrix is greater than 1.4 · 10 ^-5 1 / nm ³ , the magnetic permeability decreases. Therefore, the following range of bulk density of nanocrystals in the amorphous matrix is optimal: more than 0.6 · 10 ^-5 1 / nm ³ , but less than 1.4 · 10 ^-5 1 / nm ³ .

The suit is treated with a polyfunctional foam composition for degassing, disinfection, disinsection, decontamination and screening of surfaces, volumes and objects from hazardous agents and substances with foam, where the liquid phase of the foam is a solution of didecyldimethylammonium halide clathrate with urea as an active substance in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight, and as a didecyldimethylammonium halide clathrate with urea, a didecyldimethylammonium chloride clathrate with carbamide and / or a didecyldimethylammonium bromate clathrate is used Ida with urea. A composition may be used where a didecyldimethylammonium bromide clathrate with urea is used as the didecyldimethylammonium halide clathrate.

The emergency rescue boot (Figs. 7 and 8) contains a boot 21 and a lower part 22 with a vibration-proof sole 23. The boot lining 24 and the boot bottom 22 are made of technical textile material, and the upper and lower parts of the lining are connected line 25. The upper part of the shaft 26 can be made of artificial leather, decorative textile material or injection polymers, for example polyurethane.

Vibration protection sole 23 is made in the form of a sealed elastic-damping cavity 27 filled with compressed air, connected to a check valve 29 located above the heel 28, unified with a bicycle tire valve for pumping from a compressed air source (not shown in the drawing) and communication with the external environment, and also connected by means of a throttling sleeve 30 to a damping hollow chamber 31 made of a rigid vibration-damping material, for example, plastic compound such as Agate, Anti-Vibrate, Shvim, and located inside heel 28. The stiffness of different sections of the cavity 27 is different: the side surface 32 may be less rigid than the upper and lower surfaces or vice versa. Above hermetic cavity 27, an equidistant and congruent elastic hermetic shell 33 is placed, filled with silicone fluid, and above it is an insole (not shown in the drawing) made of needle-punched material of the Vibrosil type based on silica or aluminoborosilicate fiber. As the material of the sole 23, a vibration-absorbing material, for example, an elastomer, or polyurethane with a degree of porosity in the range of optimal values: 30–45% can be used. Moreover, the shape of the damping chamber 31 can be made as multifaceted, for example in the form of a cube, or formed by bodies of revolution, for example, in the form of a cylinder, a sphere.

The following materials can be used as materials of the sealed elastic-damping cavity 27 and the elastic sealed shell 33: elastomers, for example rubber, injection polymer, for example polyurethane, rubber-cord shell.

With the damping chamber 31, in its middle part, a protective insert 34 is made rigidly made of a stiffer material than the sole 23 and acts as an additional elastic element in the shoe-man vibration protection system.

Equipment rescuer, operating in emergency situations, works as follows.

The implementation of the frame racks 13 elastic allows you to dampen the impact (make it elastic), and the protective shell 14 will prevent injury to the skin of the human operator.

Composite material works as follows.

An electromagnetic wave that penetrates deep into the material is more actively absorbed in it due to the higher absorption capacity of the nanocrystalline structure, which has a greater magnetic permeability compared to amorphous. When the electromagnetic wave reaches the opposite surface, its greater absorption occurs, which leads to an increase in the screening coefficient.

The technical and economic efficiency of the invention is expressed in reducing the thickness and weight and size characteristics of the composite material, which will improve the reliability of electronic and electrical equipment, provide effective protection of biological objects by increasing the magnetic permeability of the composite material and, as a result, the shielding coefficient of electromagnetic fields of the radio frequency range .

When the bulk density of nanocrystals is (Fe, Si) or - Co (0.6 ÷ 4.4) · 10 ^-5 1 / nm ^{3, the} magnetic permeability of the composites in comparison with the amorphous state increases by 2-3 times and ranges from 90 to 135 units

The light protective suit of the lifeguard can be used when performing degassing, decontamination and disinfection works to protect skin, clothing and shoes from the long-term effects of poisonous and toxic substances, toxic dust, to protect against solutions of acids, water, alkalis, sea salt, varnishes, paints, oils , fats and oil products, protection against harmful biological factors, is used in areas contaminated with toxic and chemically hazardous substances, in the chemical and military industries, as well as from electromagnetic effects .

The emergency rescue boot works as follows.

Under the influence of the weight of the human operator, the elastic sealed shell 33 filled with silicone fluid and the upper surface of the cavity 27, due to their elasticity and connected by means of a throttling sleeve 30, with a damping hollow chamber 31, respectively located, take the form of a human foot. Cavity 27, due to the elastic properties of the internal cavity filler — air — and the damping properties of the sleeve 30, is an effective pneumatic two-chamber vibration protection system in the general “shoe-man” vibration protection system. The elastic hermetic shell 33, filled with silicone fluid, softens and also effectively dampens the load when walking, and also eliminates the skew of the foot with irregularities, protecting the foot from dislocation. To increase the efficiency of the vibration protection system "shoes-man" the pressure in the cavity 27 can be changed under the weight of a person, for example, by pumping air through valve 9, or vice versa, releasing it into the atmosphere.

Depending on the pressure created in the cavity 27, you can adjust the height of the foot support, providing a tight fit of the foot, including the top. Depending on the stiffness of the shell 33 filled with silicone fluid and the pressure in the cavity 27, you can create a comfortable walking feeling, for example, "like on grass or soft carpet."

The implementation of the substrate (Fig) with an anti-slip layer allows you to provide the optimal degree of anti-slip properties of shoes.

The substrate 35 of the device can be made in the form of a rectangle with a side length of at least 4 cm, or a circle with a diameter of at least 4 cm, or in the form of a toe or heel of the sole of the shoe. The thickness of the substrate may be 0.2-2.0 mm The thickness of the substrate is selected from the conditions for ensuring its strength and ease of use (i.e., it should not interfere with a person walking).

The implementation of the device in the claimed form significantly increases its wear resistance due to the ability of the substrate to bend elastically without breaking when the soles are bent, as well as due to the increased water resistance, the ability to withstand abrasion and more durable fixing of abrasive particles to the substrate, due to the increased adhesion of the adhesive fixing the abrasive particles to the substrate and polymeric substrate material. It also facilitates the fixation of the device on the sole of the shoe, which is done by simply applying and pressing the adhesive side of the substrate, from which the protective layer has been previously removed, to the sole.

The shoe slipping prevention device (Fig. 8) contains a substrate 35 made of an elastic polymer material, which can be used polypropylene, polyurethane, rubber, etc.

On the front surface of the substrate, abrasive particles 36 are fixed, for example, glued with waterproof glue (resin), for which emery powder, quartz chips, sifted sand, etc. can be used. 0.2-0.8 mm in size. An adhesive coating 37 (of adhesives commonly used in the manufacture of adhesive tape) is applied to the underside of the substrate, over which a peeling backing layer 38 is applied (paper, film, etc.). An embodiment of the device is possible when an intermediate layer 39 is glued onto the substrate, on which abrasive particles are already fixed. As such a layer, for example, sandpaper can be used.

When using devices with an anti-slip layer, the protective layer 38 is peeled off from the adhesive surface 37 of the substrate, this surface is applied to a non-fat dry surface of the sole of the shoe and pressed tightly. Then the device is ready for operation.

Thus, the design provides increased operational reliability and increases ease of use, as well as provides comfort when walking and therapeutic effect due to vibration isolation and damping of the loads acting on the foot, as well as due to a more accurate and tight coverage of the foot.

Claims (1)

Equipment for an emergency rescuer, containing a lightweight lifeguard protective suit consisting of trousers with protective stockings, hooded shirts, two-fingered gloves and a cap comforter, the trousers being stitched together with stockings ending in rubber boots with bots to which straps are attached to the legs, while in the upper part of the trousers there are shoulder straps and half rings, and the shirt is combined with a hood, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a protective vest from electromagnetic radiation, consisting of and from the fabric lining connected to the protective shell, and elastic frame racks are fixed in the fabric lining by means of latches on the waist belt, and the protective shell is attached to the elastic frame racks, while the protective shell is made of three layers, the first layer facing the operator’s environment is processed polyfunctional foam composition for degassing, disinfection, disinfection, decontamination and screening of surfaces, volumes and objects from hazardous agents and substances with foam, where the liquid phase of the foam is It is a solution of didecyldimethylammonium halide clathrate with carbamide as an active substance in an amount of from 0.1 to 5% by weight, and didecyldimethylammonium chloride clathrate with carbamide is used didecyldimethylammonium chloride clathrate with carbamide and / or carbide amide dimethylamide bide A composite material for protection against electromagnetic radiation consists of a polymer base in which particles of compounds - (Fe, Si) or - Co with a nanocrystalline structure are distributed emnoy density (0,6 ÷ 4,4) · 10 ^-5 1 / Nm ^3, wherein the base resin for fixing the position of the powder particles with a nanocrystalline structure is formed in the form of alternating between a structure elements arranged at an angle of 90 ° to each other, and each of the elements is made in the form of particles of elongated shape arranged in parallel rows, and the particles located to the left and to the right of it are shifted by an amount not exceeding half the maximum particle size, while the following range of bulk density values is optimal nanocrystals in an amorphous matrix: more than 0.6 · 10 ^-5 1 / nm ³ , but less than 1.4 · 10 ^-5 1 / nm ³ , characterized in that it additionally contains a lifeguard boot operating in extreme conditions, containing a boot and vibration-proof sole with a sealed cavity located in the lower part and equipped with a check valve for communication with the external environment and a source of compressed air, while the sealed cavity is connected by means of a throttling sleeve to a damping hollow chamber made of a rigid vibration-damping material, for example, plastic kata of type "Agate", and located inside the heel, and above the tight cavity, is placed, equidistant and congruent to it, an elastic tight shell filled with silicone fluid, and above it is an insole made of needle-punched material of the type "Vibrosil" based on silica or aluminoborosilicate fiber moreover, a vibration-absorbing material, for example, an elastomer, or polyurethane with a degree of porosity in the range of optimal values: 30–45%, and the shape damping to measures can be performed as multifaceted, for example in the form of a cube, and formed by bodies of revolution, for example in the form of a cylinder, a sphere, and the following materials can be used as materials of a sealed elastic-damping cavity and an elastic tight shell: elastomers, for example rubber, molding a polymer, for example polyurethane, a rubber-cord casing, while a protective insert made of a stiffer than the sole elastic material is rigidly connected to the damping chamber in its middle part and serves as an additional an additional elastic element in the vibration protection system “shoes-man”, and it additionally contains a device for preventing slipping of shoes, containing a substrate, the front side of which is made with an abrasive coating, and the wrong side with an adhesive coating, while an elastic polymer material is used as a substrate, the back side of the adhesive coated substrate is provided with a peel-off protective layer, and the abrasive coating on the front side of the substrate is made as attached directly to the substrate a particles or in the form of an intermediate layer glued to the substrate with abrasive particles fixed on it, the substrate being made in the form of a rectangle with a side length of at least 4 cm, or a circle with a diameter of at least 4 cm, or in the form of a toe or heel of the sole of the shoe, and the thickness of the substrate is 0.2-2.0 mm

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